Question 1

As discussed in the text, ____ serve interpersonal functions.

Accepted Answer

A)  attitudes but not beliefs 
B)  beliefs but not attitudes 
C)  both attitudes and beliefs 
D)  neither attitudes nor beliefs 
A)  attitudes but not beliefs 
B)  beliefs but not attitudes 
C)  both attitudes and beliefs 
D)  neither attitudes nor beliefs

Question 2

Suppose that you show your uncle an abstract painting that you have made, and ask for his immediate, unedited reaction. Your uncle says he has no opinion about it. "I am not familiar with abstract art," he tells you, "therefore I don't know how to evaluate it; and I have no intuitive feeling about it." Could this be possible?

Accepted Answer

A)  No. Research suggests that he will have made an automatic evaluation of your painting even though he is unfamiliar with abstract art. (He may be out of touch with this automatic evaluation, however.) 
B)  Yes. Research suggests that people only make automatic evaluations when they are highly familiar with the stimulus category; your uncle will probably need more time to make a conscious opinion. 
C)  Yes. Research suggests that people only make automatic evaluations of other people-not of stimuli such as paintings. Your uncle will probably need more time to form a conscious opinion of your painting. 
D)  It is impossible to say; some people form automatic evaluations about everything (and if your uncle is one of these people, then he is lying when he says he has no opinion), but other people form automatic evaluations only sometimes (and if your uncle is one of these people, then he may well have not formed an opinion about your painting, and may well need more time to do so). 
A)  No. Research suggests that he will have made an automatic evaluation of your painting even though he is unfamiliar with abstract art. (He may be out of touch with this automatic evaluation, however.) 
B)  Yes. Research suggests that people only make automatic evaluations when they are highly familiar with the stimulus category; your uncle will probably need more time to make a conscious opinion. 
C)  Yes. Research suggests that people only make automatic evaluations of other people-not of stimuli such as paintings. Your uncle will probably need more time to form a conscious opinion of your painting. 
D)  It is impossible to say; some people form automatic evaluations about everything (and if your uncle is one of these people, then he is lying when he says he has no opinion), but other people form automatic evaluations only sometimes (and if your uncle is one of these people, then he may well have not formed an opinion about your painting, and may well need more time to do so).

Question 3

According to the principles of _____ people are relatively likely to repeat behaviors that have been rewarded and relatively unlikely to repeat behaviors that have been punished.

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  vicarious learning 
D)  effort justification 
A)  classical conditioning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  vicarious learning 
D)  effort justification

Question 4

Kevin has just moved to a new neighborhood. In his old neighborhood, everyone wore Vans and board shorts, but he notices that the kids on his new block are wearing Nikes and basketball shorts. He also notices that they tease people who are not dressed this way. Kevin immediately asks his mom to take him to the store to buy new clothes. What has taken place here?

Accepted Answer

A)  Attitude polarization 
B)  The mere exposure effect 
C)  Observational learning 
D)  Operant conditioning 
A)  Attitude polarization 
B)  The mere exposure effect 
C)  Observational learning 
D)  Operant conditioning

Question 5

Research on post-trauma coping indicates that one of the worst possible things-in terms of predicting post-trauma recovery-is for people to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  blame themselves for the trauma 
B)  feel like there is no explanation at all for the trauma 
C)  feel like the trauma was fated, or predestined 
D)  believe that many other people have experienced similar traumas 
A)  blame themselves for the trauma 
B)  feel like there is no explanation at all for the trauma 
C)  feel like the trauma was fated, or predestined 
D)  believe that many other people have experienced similar traumas

Question 6

The Implicit Association Test ("IAT") measures automatic attitudes by

Accepted Answer

A)  measuring the speed with which people associate different concepts to positive or negative stimuli. 
B)  asking people to generate as many associations with a given concept as possible within a short time period. 
C)  requiring people to sort a large group of words or visual stimuli into as many discrete categories as they see fit. 
D)  measuring the time it takes respondents to read stereotype-consistent versus stereotype-inconsistent narratives. 
A)  measuring the speed with which people associate different concepts to positive or negative stimuli. 
B)  asking people to generate as many associations with a given concept as possible within a short time period. 
C)  requiring people to sort a large group of words or visual stimuli into as many discrete categories as they see fit. 
D)  measuring the time it takes respondents to read stereotype-consistent versus stereotype-inconsistent narratives.

Question 7

When the offering plate is passed at her church, Pat rarely puts any money in it. She always looks at the offering as a financial question in terms of her own books. She has never thought of it in terms of an indicator of her faith. Pat is a devout believer in the teachings of her church. Pat's attitude-behavior inconsistency results from ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  her broad attitude of faith not being considered in the context of the offering plate 
B)  irrational beliefs about religion and finance 
C)  her everyday automatic world (finance) controlling her deliberate (spiritual) self 
D)  divergent cognitive coping mechanisms 
A)  her broad attitude of faith not being considered in the context of the offering plate 
B)  irrational beliefs about religion and finance 
C)  her everyday automatic world (finance) controlling her deliberate (spiritual) self 
D)  divergent cognitive coping mechanisms

Question 8

The need to feel that one is thinking and behaving in consistent ways is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  probably innate-rooted in our biological nature 
B)  probably culture-bound-important in some cultures but not in others 
C)  probably a matter of self-presentation only; inconsistencies seem only to be troubling when others know about them 
D)  enormously varied from one person to the next; not everyone feels this need, and-among those who do-some people feel it much more strongly than others 
A)  probably innate-rooted in our biological nature 
B)  probably culture-bound-important in some cultures but not in others 
C)  probably a matter of self-presentation only; inconsistencies seem only to be troubling when others know about them 
D)  enormously varied from one person to the next; not everyone feels this need, and-among those who do-some people feel it much more strongly than others

Question 9

Suppose that you are watching a television commercial advertising a new car. The commercial's spokesperson is raving about how smooth the ride is, and going bananas over what a great deal the car is. If you are half-asleep while watching the commercial, how will your automatic system process the claims?

Accepted Answer

A)  Your automatic system will not process the claims at all (it will only process the images). 
B)  Your automatic system will process the claims simply as claims; you would need to use your conscious system in order to judge their (in)validity. 
C)  Your automatic system will process these claims as true; you would need to use your conscious system to override this assessment and doubt them. 
D)  Your automatic system will process these claims as false; you would need to use your conscious system to assess their validity. 
A)  Your automatic system will not process the claims at all (it will only process the images). 
B)  Your automatic system will process the claims simply as claims; you would need to use your conscious system in order to judge their (in)validity. 
C)  Your automatic system will process these claims as true; you would need to use your conscious system to override this assessment and doubt them. 
D)  Your automatic system will process these claims as false; you would need to use your conscious system to assess their validity.

Question 10

Research using the Implicit Association Test ("IAT") to investigate automatic anti-elderly (pro-younger-people) biases has found that

Accepted Answer

A)  both younger people and older people are biased against the elderly, but older people are even more biased than younger people. 
B)  both younger people and older people are biased against the elderly, but younger people are more biased than older people. 
C)  both younger people and older people are (about equally strongly) biased against the elderly. 
D)  younger people are biased against the elderly, whereas older people are biased against younger people (and both biases are about equally strong). 
A)  both younger people and older people are biased against the elderly, but older people are even more biased than younger people. 
B)  both younger people and older people are biased against the elderly, but younger people are more biased than older people. 
C)  both younger people and older people are (about equally strongly) biased against the elderly. 
D)  younger people are biased against the elderly, whereas older people are biased against younger people (and both biases are about equally strong).

Question 11

On a questionnaire, June is asked if she plans to donate blood or not. The researcher is measuring June's ___,

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral intention 
B)  subjective norms 
C)  perceived behavioral control 
D)  attitude accessibility 
A)  behavioral intention 
B)  subjective norms 
C)  perceived behavioral control 
D)  attitude accessibility

Question 12

In the process of classical conditioning, a(n) ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus 
B)  unconditioned stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus 
C)  unconditioned response becomes a conditioned response 
D)  conditioned stimulus becomes an unconditioned stimulus 
A)  neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus 
B)  unconditioned stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus 
C)  unconditioned response becomes a conditioned response 
D)  conditioned stimulus becomes an unconditioned stimulus

Question 13

According to the text, the drive for consistency is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  likely to be rooted in our biological nature 
B)  likely to involve the conscious mind only (and not the unconscious mind) 
C)  far more prevalent in collectivistic cultures than in individualistic cultures 
D)  far more prevalent in individualistic cultures than in collectivistic cultures 
A)  likely to be rooted in our biological nature 
B)  likely to involve the conscious mind only (and not the unconscious mind) 
C)  far more prevalent in collectivistic cultures than in individualistic cultures 
D)  far more prevalent in individualistic cultures than in collectivistic cultures

Question 14

Social psychologists use the word ____ to refer to how people deal with traumas and return, post-trauma, to healthy, effective functioning.

Accepted Answer

A)  recalibrating 
B)  transitioning 
C)  monitoring 
D)  coping 
A)  recalibrating 
B)  transitioning 
C)  monitoring 
D)  coping

Question 15

As discussed in the text, people who hold irrational attitudes (e.g., about Big Foot, UFOs, and ghosts) tend to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  be less prone to depression than other people 
B)  be less prone to anxiety than other people 
C)  have relatively low levels of self-esteem 
D)  have relatively high levels of self-esteem 
A)  be less prone to depression than other people 
B)  be less prone to anxiety than other people 
C)  have relatively low levels of self-esteem 
D)  have relatively high levels of self-esteem

Question 16

The tendency to engage in belief perseverance can be reduced or eliminated by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  attempting to make one's behaviors and attitudes more consistent 
B)  making an effort to persuade others of one's beliefs 
C)  coming up with personal examples to support one's beliefs 
D)  coming up with counter-arguments (i.e., arguments for "the other side") 
A)  attempting to make one's behaviors and attitudes more consistent 
B)  making an effort to persuade others of one's beliefs 
C)  coming up with personal examples to support one's beliefs 
D)  coming up with counter-arguments (i.e., arguments for "the other side")

Question 17

According to cognitive dissonance theory, discrepancies between attitudes and behaviors produce ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  unpleasant memories 
B)  psychological discomfort 
C)  pleasant memories 
D)  psychological comfort 
A)  unpleasant memories 
B)  psychological discomfort 
C)  pleasant memories 
D)  psychological comfort

Question 18

Social psychologist John Bargh has stated that "we have yet to find something the mind regards with complete impartiality, without at least a mild judgment of liking or disliking." He was referring to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the fact that people tend to automatically categorize others as "ingroup" members or "outgroup" members 
B)  the mere exposure effect 
C)  the fact that people make unconscious, immediate evaluations of virtually everything they encounter 
D)  belief perseverance 
A)  the fact that people tend to automatically categorize others as "ingroup" members or "outgroup" members 
B)  the mere exposure effect 
C)  the fact that people make unconscious, immediate evaluations of virtually everything they encounter 
D)  belief perseverance

Question 19

In 1968, social psychologist Robert Zajonc proposed that "____ of the individual to a stimulus is a sufficient condition for the enhancement of his attitude toward it."

Accepted Answer

A)  mere repeated exposure 
B)  affective forecasting 
C)  excitation transfer 
D)  attitude polarization 
A)  mere repeated exposure 
B)  affective forecasting 
C)  excitation transfer 
D)  attitude polarization

Question 20

Research suggests that the mere exposure effect ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  is unique to humans (does not occur among other animals) 
B)  occurs via the conscious system only 
C)  is unique to humans (does not occur among other animals) AND occurs via the conscious system only 
D)  is NOT unique to humans and does NOT occur via the conscious system 
A)  is unique to humans (does not occur among other animals) 
B)  occurs via the conscious system only 
C)  is unique to humans (does not occur among other animals) AND occurs via the conscious system only 
D)  is NOT unique to humans and does NOT occur via the conscious system

As discussed in the text, ____ serve interpersonal functions.

According to the principles of _____ people are relatively likely to repeat behaviors that have been rewarded and relatively unlikely to repeat behaviors that have been punished.

Research on post-trauma coping indicates that one of the worst possible things-in terms of predicting post-trauma recovery-is for people to ____.

The Implicit Association Test ("IAT") measures automatic attitudes by

The need to feel that one is thinking and behaving in consistent ways is ____.

Research using the Implicit Association Test ("IAT") to investigate automatic anti-elderly (pro-younger-people) biases has found that

On a questionnaire, June is asked if she plans to donate blood or not. The researcher is measuring June's ___,

In the process of classical conditioning, a(n) ____.

According to the text, the drive for consistency is ____.

Social psychologists use the word ____ to refer to how people deal with traumas and return, post-trauma, to healthy, effective functioning.

As discussed in the text, people who hold irrational attitudes (e.g., about Big Foot, UFOs, and ghosts) tend to ____.

The tendency to engage in belief perseverance can be reduced or eliminated by ____.

According to cognitive dissonance theory, discrepancies between attitudes and behaviors produce ____.

Social psychologist John Bargh has stated that "we have yet to find something the mind regards with complete impartiality, without at least a mild judgment of liking or disliking." He was referring to ____.

In 1968, social psychologist Robert Zajonc proposed that "____ of the individual to a stimulus is a sufficient condition for the enhancement of his attitude toward it."

Research suggests that the mere exposure effect ____.

The Mission and the Method

Culture and Nature

The Self

Choices and Actions: The Self in Control

Social Cognition

Emotion and Affect

Social Influence and Persuasion

Prosocial Behavior: Doing What’s Best for Others

Aggression and Antisocial Behavior

Attraction and Exclusion

Close Relationships: Passion, Intimacy, and Sexuality

Prejudice and Intergroup Relations

Groups

Applying Social Psychology to Consumer Behavior

Applying Social Psychology to Health

Applying Social Psychology to the Workplace

Applying Social Psychology to the Law

Applying Social Psychology to the Environment

Filters

Exam 7: Attitudes, Beliefs and Consistency

As discussed in the text, ____ serve interpersonal functions.

According to the principles of _____ people are relatively likely to repeat behaviors that have been rewarded and relatively unlikely to repeat behaviors that have been punished.

Research on post-trauma coping indicates that one of the worst possible things-in terms of predicting post-trauma recovery-is for people to ____.

The Implicit Association Test ("IAT") measures automatic attitudes by

The need to feel that one is thinking and behaving in consistent ways is ____.

Research using the Implicit Association Test ("IAT") to investigate automatic anti-elderly (pro-younger-people) biases has found that

On a questionnaire, June is asked if she plans to donate blood or not. The researcher is measuring June's ___,

In the process of classical conditioning, a(n) ____.

According to the text, the drive for consistency is ____.

Social psychologists use the word ____ to refer to how people deal with traumas and return, post-trauma, to healthy, effective functioning.

As discussed in the text, people who hold irrational attitudes (e.g., about Big Foot, UFOs, and ghosts) tend to ____.

The tendency to engage in belief perseverance can be reduced or eliminated by ____.

According to cognitive dissonance theory, discrepancies between attitudes and behaviors produce ____.

Social psychologist John Bargh has stated that "we have yet to find something the mind regards with complete impartiality, without at least a mild judgment of liking or disliking." He was referring to ____.

In 1968, social psychologist Robert Zajonc proposed that "____ of the individual to a stimulus is a sufficient condition for the enhancement of his attitude toward it."

Research suggests that the mere exposure effect ____.

The Mission and the Method

Culture and Nature

The Self

Choices and Actions: The Self in Control

Social Cognition

Emotion and Affect

Social Influence and Persuasion

Prosocial Behavior: Doing What’s Best for Others

Aggression and Antisocial Behavior

Attraction and Exclusion

Close Relationships: Passion, Intimacy, and Sexuality

Prejudice and Intergroup Relations

Groups

Applying Social Psychology to Consumer Behavior

Applying Social Psychology to Health

Applying Social Psychology to the Workplace

Applying Social Psychology to the Law

Applying Social Psychology to the Environment

Filters