Question 1

Which situation will involve the use of inferential statistics?

Accepted Answer

A)  A comparison of independent variables in a quasi-experimental study 
B)  A discussion about demographic data 
C)  An analysis of demographic variables of the target population 
D)  An examination of the differences between control and experimental group scores 
A)  A comparison of independent variables in a quasi-experimental study 
B)  A discussion about demographic data 
C)  An analysis of demographic variables of the target population 
D)  An examination of the differences between control and experimental group scores

Question 2

Assuming a normal distribution,what range of numbers would include two thirds of the scores if they ranged from 50 to 99,M = 75,and SD = 5? Between

Accepted Answer

A)  55 and 95 
B)  65 and 85 
C)  68 and 82 
D)  70 and 80 
A)  55 and 95 
B)  65 and 85 
C)  68 and 82 
D)  70 and 80

Question 3

What statement is accurate about decision theory in understanding the statistical analysis process?

Accepted Answer

A)  The level of significance falls within a range based on the degrees of significance. 
B)  It assumes that the groups in a study used to test a hypothesis are components of different populations relative to the variables under study. 
C)  It is used to explain the extent of a relationship,the probability that an event will occur in each situation,or that an event can be accurately predicted. 
D)  It requires that the cutoff point selected for a study be absolute. 
A)  The level of significance falls within a range based on the degrees of significance. 
B)  It assumes that the groups in a study used to test a hypothesis are components of different populations relative to the variables under study. 
C)  It is used to explain the extent of a relationship,the probability that an event will occur in each situation,or that an event can be accurately predicted. 
D)  It requires that the cutoff point selected for a study be absolute.

Question 4

To measure test-retest reliability of an instrument,a researcher may use the

Accepted Answer

A)  Cronbach alpha coefficient. 
B)  Fischer's exact test. 
C)  Kuder-Richardson score. 
D)  Pearson's correlation statistic. 
A)  Cronbach alpha coefficient. 
B)  Fischer's exact test. 
C)  Kuder-Richardson score. 
D)  Pearson's correlation statistic.

Question 5

The concept of degrees of freedom refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the level of significance for a study. 
B)  the standard deviation from the mean among data. 
C)  the variability of a given score based on other scores. 
D)  whether statistical analysis is one- or two-tailed. 
A)  the level of significance for a study. 
B)  the standard deviation from the mean among data. 
C)  the variability of a given score based on other scores. 
D)  whether statistical analysis is one- or two-tailed.

Question 6

Which of the following are true statements about the research outcome addressing implications for nursing'? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  Implications for nursing are the meanings of conclusions from scientific research for the body of nursing knowledge. 
B)  Implications for nursing include replications or repeating the design with a different or larger sample using different measurement methods. 
C)  Implications for nursing include the formation of hypotheses to further test the framework in use. 
D)  Implications for nursing are restrictions or problems in a study that may decrease the generalizability of the findings. 
E)  Implications for nursing provide specific suggestions for implementing the findings in nursing. 
A)  Implications for nursing are the meanings of conclusions from scientific research for the body of nursing knowledge. 
B)  Implications for nursing include replications or repeating the design with a different or larger sample using different measurement methods. 
C)  Implications for nursing include the formation of hypotheses to further test the framework in use. 
D)  Implications for nursing are restrictions or problems in a study that may decrease the generalizability of the findings. 
E)  Implications for nursing provide specific suggestions for implementing the findings in nursing.

Question 7

A review of demographic data shows that mothers with higher levels of education have fewer children.In this example,the r value is likely to be

Accepted Answer

A)  = 0. 
B)  0. 
D)  not definable. 
A)  = 0. 
B)  0. 
D)  not definable.

Question 8

A reviewer reads a research report and notes that the number of subjects in the original sample is larger than the number in the final analysis.Besides attrition of subjects,this discrepancy is likely because

Accepted Answer

A)  data from the control group are not included in the analysis. 
B)  essential data is missing from subjects no longer included. 
C)  subjects producing outlying data have been excluded from the results. 
D)  the final analysis usually discusses data from the experimental group only. 
A)  data from the control group are not included in the analysis. 
B)  essential data is missing from subjects no longer included. 
C)  subjects producing outlying data have been excluded from the results. 
D)  the final analysis usually discusses data from the experimental group only.

Question 9

Based on study data,a researcher predicts that a population mean will fall within a specific range of data.This is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  confidence interval. 
B)  range. 
C)  standard deviation. 
D)  validity measure. 
A)  confidence interval. 
B)  range. 
C)  standard deviation. 
D)  validity measure.

Question 10

In statistical analysis of data,the alpha value is used to

Accepted Answer

A)  describe the degree of generalizability of the findings. 
B)  determine the risk of a type I error. 
C)  reveal whether the P value meets criteria for statistical significance. 
D)  speculate on the frequency distribution of study values. 
A)  describe the degree of generalizability of the findings. 
B)  determine the risk of a type I error. 
C)  reveal whether the P value meets criteria for statistical significance. 
D)  speculate on the frequency distribution of study values.

Question 11

When critically appraising a study,the researcher understands that the data analysis process involves the management of numerical data and the statistical analysis of these data to produce study results.Which statement is true regarding the steps of the data analysis process?

Accepted Answer

A)  Researchers always use computers for data analysis. 
B)  Researchers present as complete a picture of the sample as possible in their report. 
C)  Researchers need to report the validity of the measurement methods used in their study. 
D)  Researchers typically do not indicate whether outliers are identified during data analysis. 
A)  Researchers always use computers for data analysis. 
B)  Researchers present as complete a picture of the sample as possible in their report. 
C)  Researchers need to report the validity of the measurement methods used in their study. 
D)  Researchers typically do not indicate whether outliers are identified during data analysis.

Question 12

A researcher presents data to examine the relationship between income and weight and uses a scatterplot to display the results.The researcher places income level intervals along the vertical line in the graph.The reviewer knows that

Accepted Answer

A)  data about income represent the independent variable. 
B)  income data are presented along the X axis. 
C)  the plot will show whether the relationship is negative or positive. 
D)  weight values will occur along the Y axis. 
A)  data about income represent the independent variable. 
B)  income data are presented along the X axis. 
C)  the plot will show whether the relationship is negative or positive. 
D)  weight values will occur along the Y axis.

Question 13

A researcher studies the effects of a nursing intervention on a desired patient outcome and discovers a statistically significant difference between groups receiving the intervention and those not receiving the intervention.The researcher concludes that the intervention is effective.This researcher has made a

Accepted Answer

A)  generalization. 
B)  statistical inference. 
C)  type I error. 
D)  type II error. 
A)  generalization. 
B)  statistical inference. 
C)  type I error. 
D)  type II error.

Question 14

Which statements would the nurse researcher recognize as being true when using descriptive statistics? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A)  The researcher might see analysis techniques identified as parametric or nonparametric. 
B)  Descriptive statistics are conducted to examine relationships,make predictions,and determine causality or differences in studies. 
C)  Descriptive statistics allow researchers to organize numerical data in ways that give meaning and facilitate insight. 
D)  Measures of central tendency that are commonly used in statistical analyses are the mode,median,and margin. 
E)  Researchers report descriptive statistics in tables and in the narrative of the results section of their study. 
A)  The researcher might see analysis techniques identified as parametric or nonparametric. 
B)  Descriptive statistics are conducted to examine relationships,make predictions,and determine causality or differences in studies. 
C)  Descriptive statistics allow researchers to organize numerical data in ways that give meaning and facilitate insight. 
D)  Measures of central tendency that are commonly used in statistical analyses are the mode,median,and margin. 
E)  Researchers report descriptive statistics in tables and in the narrative of the results section of their study.

Question 15

An important goal of inferential statistical analysis is to

Accepted Answer

A)  analyze and describe data collected during a study. 
B)  determine whether theoretical constructs are valid. 
C)  generalize results from the study to the target population. 
D)  measure the reliability and validity of measurement tools. 
A)  analyze and describe data collected during a study. 
B)  determine whether theoretical constructs are valid. 
C)  generalize results from the study to the target population. 
D)  measure the reliability and validity of measurement tools.

Question 16

Clinicians now can calculate a person's myocardial infarction risk by evaluating several known risk factors,such as cholesterol levels and diabetes.This is possible because of

Accepted Answer

A)  bivariate correlation analysis. 
B)  factor analysis. 
C)  multiple regression analysis. 
D)  simple linear regression analysis. 
A)  bivariate correlation analysis. 
B)  factor analysis. 
C)  multiple regression analysis. 
D)  simple linear regression analysis.

Question 17

A researcher plans to apply a one-tailed test of significance when analyzing data from a study.Which is true about using this test?

Accepted Answer

A)  The researcher will be unable to predict whether differences are greater than or less than the mean value. 
B)  This is a nondirectional hypothesis,so values will not tend to vary in a specific direction. 
C)  This may increase the possibility of a type I error when evaluating the significance of the findings. 
D)  This will decrease the possibility of a type II error when drawing conclusions about the data. 
A)  The researcher will be unable to predict whether differences are greater than or less than the mean value. 
B)  This is a nondirectional hypothesis,so values will not tend to vary in a specific direction. 
C)  This may increase the possibility of a type I error when evaluating the significance of the findings. 
D)  This will decrease the possibility of a type II error when drawing conclusions about the data.

Question 18

A researcher studying subjects who have pulmonary disease presents a data set to describe the different conditions the subjects experience and reports the following data.Which number represents the mode for this data set? Asthma 4
COPD 6
Chronic bronchitis 4
Pulmonary hypertension 7

Accepted Answer

A)  4.0 
B)  5.25 
C)  6.5 
D)  7.0 
A)  4.0 
B)  5.25 
C)  6.5 
D)  7.0

Question 19

Which is true about the measure of a data set's range?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is an average score. 
B)  It is calculated using central scores. 
C)  It is determined only for interval-level data. 
D)  It is sensitive to outliers in a data set. 
A)  It is an average score. 
B)  It is calculated using central scores. 
C)  It is determined only for interval-level data. 
D)  It is sensitive to outliers in a data set.

Question 20

A researcher analyzes scores from two studies in which patients' temperatures were measured after antipyretic medications are given.One study measures temperatures in centigrade and the other in Fahrenheit.The researcher will

Accepted Answer

A)  calculate standard deviation measures for each study using their scale values. 
B)  compile all data regardless of scale and calculate measures of central tendency. 
C)  determine a Z-score and then calculate measures of central tendency. 
D)  realize that studies using different measures cannot be compared. 
A)  calculate standard deviation measures for each study using their scale values. 
B)  compile all data regardless of scale and calculate measures of central tendency. 
C)  determine a Z-score and then calculate measures of central tendency. 
D)  realize that studies using different measures cannot be compared.

Which situation will involve the use of inferential statistics?

Assuming a normal distribution,what range of numbers would include two thirds of the scores if they ranged from 50 to 99,M = 75,and SD = 5? Between

What statement is accurate about decision theory in understanding the statistical analysis process?

To measure test-retest reliability of an instrument,a researcher may use the

The concept of degrees of freedom refers to

Which of the following are true statements about the research outcome addressing implications for nursing'? Select all that apply.

A review of demographic data shows that mothers with higher levels of education have fewer children.In this example,the r value is likely to be

A reviewer reads a research report and notes that the number of subjects in the original sample is larger than the number in the final analysis.Besides attrition of subjects,this discrepancy is likely because

Based on study data,a researcher predicts that a population mean will fall within a specific range of data.This is called the

In statistical analysis of data,the alpha value is used to

When critically appraising a study,the researcher understands that the data analysis process involves the management of numerical data and the statistical analysis of these data to produce study results.Which statement is true regarding the steps of the data analysis process?

A researcher presents data to examine the relationship between income and weight and uses a scatterplot to display the results.The researcher places income level intervals along the vertical line in the graph.The reviewer knows that

Which statements would the nurse researcher recognize as being true when using descriptive statistics? Select all that apply.

An important goal of inferential statistical analysis is to

Clinicians now can calculate a person's myocardial infarction risk by evaluating several known risk factors,such as cholesterol levels and diabetes.This is possible because of

A researcher plans to apply a one-tailed test of significance when analyzing data from a study.Which is true about using this test?

A researcher studying subjects who have pulmonary disease presents a data set to describe the different conditions the subjects experience and reports the following data.Which number represents the mode for this data set? Asthma 4 COPD 6 Chronic bronchitis 4 Pulmonary hypertension 7

Which is true about the measure of a data set's range?

A researcher analyzes scores from two studies in which patients' temperatures were measured after antipyretic medications are given.One study measures temperatures in centigrade and the other in Fahrenheit.The researcher will

Introduction to Nursing Research and Its Importance in Building an Evidence-Based Practice

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Examining Ethics in Nursing Research

Examining Research Problems, Purposes, and Hypotheses

Understanding and Critically Appraising the Literature Review

Understanding Theory and Research Frameworks

Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs

Examining Populations and Samples in Research

Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research

Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice

Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice

Introduction to Additional Research Methodologies in Nursing: Mixed Methods and Outcomes Research

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Exam 11: Understanding Statistics in Research

Which situation will involve the use of inferential statistics?

Assuming a normal distribution,what range of numbers would include two thirds of the scores if they ranged from 50 to 99,M = 75,and SD = 5? Between

What statement is accurate about decision theory in understanding the statistical analysis process?

To measure test-retest reliability of an instrument,a researcher may use the

The concept of degrees of freedom refers to

Which of the following are true statements about the research outcome addressing implications for nursing'? Select all that apply.

A review of demographic data shows that mothers with higher levels of education have fewer children.In this example,the r value is likely to be

A reviewer reads a research report and notes that the number of subjects in the original sample is larger than the number in the final analysis.Besides attrition of subjects,this discrepancy is likely because

Based on study data,a researcher predicts that a population mean will fall within a specific range of data.This is called the

In statistical analysis of data,the alpha value is used to

When critically appraising a study,the researcher understands that the data analysis process involves the management of numerical data and the statistical analysis of these data to produce study results.Which statement is true regarding the steps of the data analysis process?

A researcher presents data to examine the relationship between income and weight and uses a scatterplot to display the results.The researcher places income level intervals along the vertical line in the graph.The reviewer knows that

Which statements would the nurse researcher recognize as being true when using descriptive statistics? Select all that apply.

An important goal of inferential statistical analysis is to

Clinicians now can calculate a person's myocardial infarction risk by evaluating several known risk factors,such as cholesterol levels and diabetes.This is possible because of

A researcher plans to apply a one-tailed test of significance when analyzing data from a study.Which is true about using this test?

A researcher studying subjects who have pulmonary disease presents a data set to describe the different conditions the subjects experience and reports the following data.Which number represents the mode for this data set? Asthma 4 COPD 6 Chronic bronchitis 4 Pulmonary hypertension 7

Which is true about the measure of a data set's range?

A researcher analyzes scores from two studies in which patients' temperatures were measured after antipyretic medications are given.One study measures temperatures in centigrade and the other in Fahrenheit.The researcher will

Introduction to Nursing Research and Its Importance in Building an Evidence-Based Practice

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Examining Ethics in Nursing Research

Examining Research Problems, Purposes, and Hypotheses

Understanding and Critically Appraising the Literature Review

Understanding Theory and Research Frameworks

Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs

Examining Populations and Samples in Research

Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research

Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice

Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice

Introduction to Additional Research Methodologies in Nursing: Mixed Methods and Outcomes Research

Filters