Question 1

Lenin's term for those who would need to carry out revolution in a less advanced country is the:

Accepted Answer

A) proletariat masses. 
B) conscious activists. 
C) vanguard of the proletariat. 
D) counterhegemon. 
E) avant-garde. 
A) proletariat masses. 
B) conscious activists. 
C) vanguard of the proletariat. 
D) counterhegemon. 
E) avant-garde. C

Question 2

The bourgeoisie are the:

Accepted Answer

A) working class. 
B) communist revolutionaries. 
C) property-owning middle class. 
D) aristocratic elites. 
E) military. 
A) working class. 
B) communist revolutionaries. 
C) property-owning middle class. 
D) aristocratic elites. 
E) military. C

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the privatization and marketization of countries transitioning from communism is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) Those advocating shock therapy wanted to minimize the short-term social disruptions of marketization. 
B) Inflation and hyperinflation were fears of those that advocated a gradual approach to marketization. 
C) Many companies were uncompetitive in the international system, but large industrial firms seemed to be best at surviving privatization. 
D) Postcommunist countries almost universally sought to privatize by distributing firms' shares to the public as a whole. 
E) Most postcommunist countries agreed that privatization should occur and be allowed to complete its course before marketization was attempted. 
A) Those advocating shock therapy wanted to minimize the short-term social disruptions of marketization. 
B) Inflation and hyperinflation were fears of those that advocated a gradual approach to marketization. 
C) Many companies were uncompetitive in the international system, but large industrial firms seemed to be best at surviving privatization. 
D) Postcommunist countries almost universally sought to privatize by distributing firms' shares to the public as a whole. 
E) Most postcommunist countries agreed that privatization should occur and be allowed to complete its course before marketization was attempted. B

Question 4

Marx argued that once socialism had triumphed, the state would eventually:

Accepted Answer

A) grow in power. 
B) become highly centralized. 
C) grow despotic and have to be overthrown again. 
D) wither away. 
E) become confederal. 
A) grow in power. 
B) become highly centralized. 
C) grow despotic and have to be overthrown again. 
D) wither away. 
E) become confederal.

Question 5

The ________ is the name Marx chose for the system of economic production, including the level of technology (the "means of production").

Accepted Answer

A) superstructure 
B) determination 
C) base 
D) proletariat 
E) bourgeoisie 
A) superstructure 
B) determination 
C) base 
D) proletariat 
E) bourgeoisie

Question 6

The term used to describe Marx's conception of historical change is:

Accepted Answer

A) episodic revolutionism. 
B) graduated materialism. 
C) dialectical materialism. 
D) dialectical gradualism. 
E) graduated episodism. 
A) episodic revolutionism. 
B) graduated materialism. 
C) dialectical materialism. 
D) dialectical gradualism. 
E) graduated episodism.

Question 7

In which of the following ways do postcommunist success stories like Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic differ from countries with less successful records like Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, and Serbia?

Accepted Answer

A) They have a greater precommunist history of healthy civil society. 
B) They were more heavily influenced by the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires. 
C) They are much more ethnically diverse. 
D) They were more heavily industrialized after the fall of communism. 
E) They had less contact with the West during communist rule. 
A) They have a greater precommunist history of healthy civil society. 
B) They were more heavily influenced by the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires. 
C) They are much more ethnically diverse. 
D) They were more heavily industrialized after the fall of communism. 
E) They had less contact with the West during communist rule.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about religions and their contribution to new identities around the world is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) The re-creation of religious institutions typically decreases the sectarianism and fundamentalism that can undermine democracy. 
B) The Soviet Union actively promoted religions other than Christianity as a means of countering western influence. 
C) The Chinese government has tried to battle religious growth by promoting Confucian ideals and practices. 
D) Despite attempts by both private citizens and governments like that of Saudi Arabia, Islam has grown in many countries with large Muslim populations. 
E) Christianity has continued to wither in postcommunist countries, which have grown more secular in the last two decades. 
A) The re-creation of religious institutions typically decreases the sectarianism and fundamentalism that can undermine democracy. 
B) The Soviet Union actively promoted religions other than Christianity as a means of countering western influence. 
C) The Chinese government has tried to battle religious growth by promoting Confucian ideals and practices. 
D) Despite attempts by both private citizens and governments like that of Saudi Arabia, Islam has grown in many countries with large Muslim populations. 
E) Christianity has continued to wither in postcommunist countries, which have grown more secular in the last two decades.

Question 9

In which of the following ways did Lenin's beliefs about communism differ from those of Marx?

Accepted Answer

A) He argued that the state did not have to wither away after the communist revolution. 
B) He argued that some democratic processes could be incorporated into the operation of the state. 
C) He argued that revolutions could take place in less advanced countries. 
D) He argued that socialism could be an end goal, not a transitional phase. 
E) He argued that it was necessary to retain religion under communism. 
A) He argued that the state did not have to wither away after the communist revolution. 
B) He argued that some democratic processes could be incorporated into the operation of the state. 
C) He argued that revolutions could take place in less advanced countries. 
D) He argued that socialism could be an end goal, not a transitional phase. 
E) He argued that it was necessary to retain religion under communism.

Question 10

How did Marxist theory change the lives of women in most communist countries?

Accepted Answer

A) Abortion and divorce laws were made more conservative, reducing women's access to both. 
B) Women were given greatly expanding workforce and educational opportunities. 
C) Many women rose to positions of significant political and economic power. 
D) Gender relations changed dramatically in most arenas. 
E) Traditional patterns of sexism largely faded and most women were able to let go of their traditional roles inside the home. 
A) Abortion and divorce laws were made more conservative, reducing women's access to both. 
B) Women were given greatly expanding workforce and educational opportunities. 
C) Many women rose to positions of significant political and economic power. 
D) Gender relations changed dramatically in most arenas. 
E) Traditional patterns of sexism largely faded and most women were able to let go of their traditional roles inside the home.

Question 11

The "cabinet" of the Communist Party as developed in the Soviet Union is generally known as the:

Accepted Answer

A) nomenklatura. 
B) Politburo. 
C) general secretary. 
D) bourgeoisie. 
E) glasnost. 
A) nomenklatura. 
B) Politburo. 
C) general secretary. 
D) bourgeoisie. 
E) glasnost.

Question 12

Describe the political and economic strategies undertaken by Gorbachev as a means of reforming the Soviet Union.What changes did he propose in the international arena? Assess how these policies helped to hasten the end of the Soviet Union.

Accepted Answer

Mikhail Gorbachev implemented several po

Question 13

Which of the following is an accurate description of some component of communist government in the Soviet Union?

Accepted Answer

A) The status of communist leaders was downplayed so as to prevent veneration of individuals above any other citizens. 
B) Some unions were allowed to operate outside of the state, though they were linked to the Communist Party. 
C) Party cells were primarily used in the practical representation of the interests of the people. 
D) The nomenklatura were often set in opposition, sometimes violently, to the judiciary and local government officials. 
E) The only truly democratic process that occurred within the state happened during the party congress that was held every few years. 
A) The status of communist leaders was downplayed so as to prevent veneration of individuals above any other citizens. 
B) Some unions were allowed to operate outside of the state, though they were linked to the Communist Party. 
C) Party cells were primarily used in the practical representation of the interests of the people. 
D) The nomenklatura were often set in opposition, sometimes violently, to the judiciary and local government officials. 
E) The only truly democratic process that occurred within the state happened during the party congress that was held every few years.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about communism in China under Mao is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) Mao rejected the broad political structure and institutions of the Soviet Communist regime and developed uniquely Chinese ones based on Confucian philosophy. 
B) Mao sought to destroy the power of the party-state in order to expand the Communist regime. 
C) Mao sought to end the Cultural Revolution that began under the previous capitalist regime. 
D) Mao argued, like Marx, that communist revolutions could only be successful in countries of advanced capitalist practice. 
E) Mao's strategy for cultural and economic advancement proved to be far less cruel and resulted in much less loss of life than Stalin's. 
A) Mao rejected the broad political structure and institutions of the Soviet Communist regime and developed uniquely Chinese ones based on Confucian philosophy. 
B) Mao sought to destroy the power of the party-state in order to expand the Communist regime. 
C) Mao sought to end the Cultural Revolution that began under the previous capitalist regime. 
D) Mao argued, like Marx, that communist revolutions could only be successful in countries of advanced capitalist practice. 
E) Mao's strategy for cultural and economic advancement proved to be far less cruel and resulted in much less loss of life than Stalin's.

Question 15

Why was communism unable to provide the benefits that it promised in theory? Are there inherent flaws in communist theory, or did those in power misapply its principles?

Accepted Answer

Communism was unable to provide the bene

Question 16

How have current governments in Russia and China responded to growing nationalism in their countries?

Accepted Answer

A) They have promoted nationalism as a means of maintaining legitimacy. 
B) They have sought to emphasize ethnic multiculturalism to reduce nationalism. 
C) They have liberalized laws that restrict religious freedom and cultural expression. 
D) They have outlawed traditional means of expressing nationalism, including public celebrations. 
E) They have tolerated nationalist sentiment without taking overt action. 
A) They have promoted nationalism as a means of maintaining legitimacy. 
B) They have sought to emphasize ethnic multiculturalism to reduce nationalism. 
C) They have liberalized laws that restrict religious freedom and cultural expression. 
D) They have outlawed traditional means of expressing nationalism, including public celebrations. 
E) They have tolerated nationalist sentiment without taking overt action.

Question 17

How do we evaluate the economic transitions that postcommunist countries have undergone as either successful or unsuccessful? Have some models shown more promise than others? Why?

Accepted Answer

Evaluating the economic transitions of p

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of political parties in communist countries based on the Soviet model?

Accepted Answer

A) The state is dominated by a single Communist Party. 
B) Several Communist parties compete for power, but non-Communist parties are banned. 
C) All members of society belong to a single Communist Party. 
D) All parties are banned as a relic of the prerevolutionary era. 
E) Agrarian parties dominate the political system. 
A) The state is dominated by a single Communist Party. 
B) Several Communist parties compete for power, but non-Communist parties are banned. 
C) All members of society belong to a single Communist Party. 
D) All parties are banned as a relic of the prerevolutionary era. 
E) Agrarian parties dominate the political system.

Question 19

Why was communism able to spread across such a large part of the globe? What explains its attraction?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why was communism able to spread across...

Question 20

Which of the following statements about gender and LGBT rights and equality in former communist or eastern European countries is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) Gender inequality is growing in most Eastern European states as a result of postcommunist privatization and the high levels of unemployment that have resulted. 
B) While some Central European states allow for same-sex partnerships, discrimination against the LGBT community has actually grown in Russia and Central Asia. 
C) Postcommunist countries perform worse on the United Nation's Gender Inequality Index than advanced democracies around the world. 
D) Postcommunist regimes in Russia and Central Asia often attempt to court favor with the LGBT community as a means of nationalistic opposition to the West. 
E) Unlike their approach to religion, communist countries considered gender and sexual identity to be compatible with communist ideology and offered no discrimination; that tolerance has continued in transitions from communism. 
A) Gender inequality is growing in most Eastern European states as a result of postcommunist privatization and the high levels of unemployment that have resulted. 
B) While some Central European states allow for same-sex partnerships, discrimination against the LGBT community has actually grown in Russia and Central Asia. 
C) Postcommunist countries perform worse on the United Nation's Gender Inequality Index than advanced democracies around the world. 
D) Postcommunist regimes in Russia and Central Asia often attempt to court favor with the LGBT community as a means of nationalistic opposition to the West. 
E) Unlike their approach to religion, communist countries considered gender and sexual identity to be compatible with communist ideology and offered no discrimination; that tolerance has continued in transitions from communism.

Lenin's term for those who would need to carry out revolution in a less advanced country is the:

The bourgeoisie are the:

Which of the following statements about the privatization and marketization of countries transitioning from communism is accurate?

Marx argued that once socialism had triumphed, the state would eventually:

The ________ is the name Marx chose for the system of economic production, including the level of technology (the "means of production").

The term used to describe Marx's conception of historical change is:

In which of the following ways do postcommunist success stories like Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic differ from countries with less successful records like Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, and Serbia?

Which of the following statements about religions and their contribution to new identities around the world is accurate?

In which of the following ways did Lenin's beliefs about communism differ from those of Marx?

How did Marxist theory change the lives of women in most communist countries?

The "cabinet" of the Communist Party as developed in the Soviet Union is generally known as the:

Describe the political and economic strategies undertaken by Gorbachev as a means of reforming the Soviet Union.What changes did he propose in the international arena? Assess how these policies helped to hasten the end of the Soviet Union.

Which of the following is an accurate description of some component of communist government in the Soviet Union?

Which of the following statements about communism in China under Mao is accurate?

Why was communism unable to provide the benefits that it promised in theory? Are there inherent flaws in communist theory, or did those in power misapply its principles?

How have current governments in Russia and China responded to growing nationalism in their countries?

How do we evaluate the economic transitions that postcommunist countries have undergone as either successful or unsuccessful? Have some models shown more promise than others? Why?

Which of the following best describes the role of political parties in communist countries based on the Soviet model?

Why was communism able to spread across such a large part of the globe? What explains its attraction?

Which of the following statements about gender and LGBT rights and equality in former communist or eastern European countries is accurate?

Introduction

States

Nations and Society

Political Economy

Democratic Regimes

Nondemocratic Regimes

Political Violence

Developed Democracies

Developing Countries

Globalization and the Future of Comparative Politics

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Exam 9: Communism and Postcommunism

Lenin's term for those who would need to carry out revolution in a less advanced country is the:

The bourgeoisie are the:

Which of the following statements about the privatization and marketization of countries transitioning from communism is accurate?

Marx argued that once socialism had triumphed, the state would eventually:

The ________ is the name Marx chose for the system of economic production, including the level of technology (the "means of production").

The term used to describe Marx's conception of historical change is:

In which of the following ways do postcommunist success stories like Hungary, Poland, and the Czech Republic differ from countries with less successful records like Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, and Serbia?

Which of the following statements about religions and their contribution to new identities around the world is accurate?

In which of the following ways did Lenin's beliefs about communism differ from those of Marx?

How did Marxist theory change the lives of women in most communist countries?

The "cabinet" of the Communist Party as developed in the Soviet Union is generally known as the:

Describe the political and economic strategies undertaken by Gorbachev as a means of reforming the Soviet Union.What changes did he propose in the international arena? Assess how these policies helped to hasten the end of the Soviet Union.

Which of the following is an accurate description of some component of communist government in the Soviet Union?

Which of the following statements about communism in China under Mao is accurate?

Why was communism unable to provide the benefits that it promised in theory? Are there inherent flaws in communist theory, or did those in power misapply its principles?

How have current governments in Russia and China responded to growing nationalism in their countries?

How do we evaluate the economic transitions that postcommunist countries have undergone as either successful or unsuccessful? Have some models shown more promise than others? Why?

Which of the following best describes the role of political parties in communist countries based on the Soviet model?

Why was communism able to spread across such a large part of the globe? What explains its attraction?

Which of the following statements about gender and LGBT rights and equality in former communist or eastern European countries is accurate?

Introduction

States

Nations and Society

Political Economy

Democratic Regimes

Nondemocratic Regimes

Political Violence

Developed Democracies

Developing Countries

Globalization and the Future of Comparative Politics

Filters