Question 1

Why does sodium enter neurons when sodium channels are opened?

Accepted Answer

A)  Due to electrostatic attraction 
B)  Due to a concentration gradient 
C)  Due to sodium-potassium pump activity 
D)  Due to channels forcing sodium into neurons 
A)  Due to electrostatic attraction 
B)  Due to a concentration gradient 
C)  Due to sodium-potassium pump activity 
D)  Due to channels forcing sodium into neurons

Question 2

An action potential cannot be generated during the relative refraction period.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Exocytosis refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the influx of calcium caused by depolarization from an action potential. 
B)  the way that stored neurotransmitters can be released into the synaptic cleft. 
C)  the breakdown of neurotransmitters by enzymes. 
D)  the release of a neurotransmitter from a receptor back into the synaptic cleft. 
A)  the influx of calcium caused by depolarization from an action potential. 
B)  the way that stored neurotransmitters can be released into the synaptic cleft. 
C)  the breakdown of neurotransmitters by enzymes. 
D)  the release of a neurotransmitter from a receptor back into the synaptic cleft.

Question 4

Which of the following all belong to the monoamine class of neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acetylcholine, glutamate, and GABA 
B)  Dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin 
C)  Serotonin, acetylcholine, and dopamine 
D)  Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and glutamate 
A)  Acetylcholine, glutamate, and GABA 
B)  Dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin 
C)  Serotonin, acetylcholine, and dopamine 
D)  Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and glutamate

Question 5

A sodium-potassium pump brings:

Accepted Answer

A)  two sodium ions into the neuron and expels three potassium ions from the neuron. 
B)  two potassium ions into the neuron and expels three sodium ions from the neuron. 
C)  three potassium ions into the neuron and expels two sodium ions from the neuron. 
D)  three sodium ions into the neuron and expels two potassium ions from the neuron. 
A)  two sodium ions into the neuron and expels three potassium ions from the neuron. 
B)  two potassium ions into the neuron and expels three sodium ions from the neuron. 
C)  three potassium ions into the neuron and expels two sodium ions from the neuron. 
D)  three sodium ions into the neuron and expels two potassium ions from the neuron.

Question 6

All of the following are examples of a neurotransmitter except:

Accepted Answer

A)  a chemical that activates genes. 
B)  chemical released from a neuron. 
C)  chemical that has effects on neurons or other cells. 
D)  a chemical synthesized in a neuron. 
A)  a chemical that activates genes. 
B)  chemical released from a neuron. 
C)  chemical that has effects on neurons or other cells. 
D)  a chemical synthesized in a neuron.

Question 7

Researchers can infer the rate of neurotransmitter release from turnover.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Reuptake refers to a neurotransmitter returning to the neuron it was released from.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Proteins located in neuron membranes that can be bound to and activated by neurotransmitters are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  receptors. 
B)  vesicles. 
C)  membrane transporters. 
D)  enzymes. 
A)  receptors. 
B)  vesicles. 
C)  membrane transporters. 
D)  enzymes.

Question 10

Why might the speed of electrical transmission be faster for a mylenated neuron compared to an unmyelated neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)  Actions potentials need only occur at gaps between myelin sheaths. 
B)  Actions potentials have a greater magnitude. 
C)  They are thicker, allowing for more actions potentials to occur. 
D)  Myelin increases the concentration of ions within the neuron. 
A)  Actions potentials need only occur at gaps between myelin sheaths. 
B)  Actions potentials have a greater magnitude. 
C)  They are thicker, allowing for more actions potentials to occur. 
D)  Myelin increases the concentration of ions within the neuron.

Question 11

Ions flow through pores in a neuron's membrane called:

Accepted Answer

A)  local potentials. 
B)  ion channels. 
C)  axon channels. 
D)  EPSPs. 
A)  local potentials. 
B)  ion channels. 
C)  axon channels. 
D)  EPSPs.

Question 12

All of the following are true about neuromodulation except:

Accepted Answer

A)  involves ionotropic receptors. 
B)  can cause changes in polarization. 
C)  may alter the number of receptors present in a synapse. 
D)  may alter a neurons response to transmission from another neuron. 
A)  involves ionotropic receptors. 
B)  can cause changes in polarization. 
C)  may alter the number of receptors present in a synapse. 
D)  may alter a neurons response to transmission from another neuron.

Question 13

Heteroreceptors are located on postsynaptic terminals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The difference between the electrical charge within a neuron and the electrical charge of the environment immediately outside the neuron is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperpolarization 
B)  electrical transmission 
C)  excitatory postsynaptic potential 
D)  electrical potential 
A)  hyperpolarization 
B)  electrical transmission 
C)  excitatory postsynaptic potential 
D)  electrical potential

Question 15

Neurotransmitters enter vesicles through channels called:

Accepted Answer

A)  membrane transporters. 
B)  catabolic enzymes. 
C)  calcium channels. 
D)  vesicular transporters. 
A)  membrane transporters. 
B)  catabolic enzymes. 
C)  calcium channels. 
D)  vesicular transporters.

Question 16

During the ___________________,the neuron is incapable of producing another action potential.

Accepted Answer

A)  resting potential 
B)  relative refractory period 
C)  hyperpolarization period 
D)  absolute refractory period 
A)  resting potential 
B)  relative refractory period 
C)  hyperpolarization period 
D)  absolute refractory period

Question 17

Saltatory conduction describes:

Accepted Answer

A)  the taking of an electrical charge reading during an action potential. 
B)  rapid change in potential occurring during an action potential. 
C)  the influx of sodium. 
D)  the jumping of action potentials from one node to another. 
A)  the taking of an electrical charge reading during an action potential. 
B)  rapid change in potential occurring during an action potential. 
C)  the influx of sodium. 
D)  the jumping of action potentials from one node to another.

Question 18

The majority of types of adrenoceptors:

Accepted Answer

A)  are ionotropic receptors. 
B)  produce inhibitory effects. 
C)  are found on dopamine neurons. 
D)  produce excitatory effects. 
A)  are ionotropic receptors. 
B)  produce inhibitory effects. 
C)  are found on dopamine neurons. 
D)  produce excitatory effects.

Question 19

The effectiveness of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for temporarily treating the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease suggests that:

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenergic receptors are not functioning correctly. 
B)  damage to brain tissue has occurred from excitotoxicity. 
C)  acetylcholinestase is responsible for the cognitive disturbances found in Alzheimer's disease. 
D)  cholinergic neurotransmission is diminished in Alzheimer's disease. 
A)  adrenergic receptors are not functioning correctly. 
B)  damage to brain tissue has occurred from excitotoxicity. 
C)  acetylcholinestase is responsible for the cognitive disturbances found in Alzheimer's disease. 
D)  cholinergic neurotransmission is diminished in Alzheimer's disease.

Question 20

The uncovered sections of axons between myelin sheaths are called _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The uncovered sections of axons between myelin...

Why does sodium enter neurons when sodium channels are opened?

An action potential cannot be generated during the relative refraction period.

Exocytosis refers to:

Which of the following all belong to the monoamine class of neurotransmitters?

A sodium-potassium pump brings:

All of the following are examples of a neurotransmitter except:

Researchers can infer the rate of neurotransmitter release from turnover.

Reuptake refers to a neurotransmitter returning to the neuron it was released from.

Proteins located in neuron membranes that can be bound to and activated by neurotransmitters are called:

Why might the speed of electrical transmission be faster for a mylenated neuron compared to an unmyelated neuron?

Ions flow through pores in a neuron's membrane called:

All of the following are true about neuromodulation except:

Heteroreceptors are located on postsynaptic terminals.

The difference between the electrical charge within a neuron and the electrical charge of the environment immediately outside the neuron is called a(n):

Neurotransmitters enter vesicles through channels called:

During the ___________________,the neuron is incapable of producing another action potential.

Saltatory conduction describes:

The majority of types of adrenoceptors:

The effectiveness of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for temporarily treating the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease suggests that:

The uncovered sections of axons between myelin sheaths are called _____________.

Introduction to Psychopharmacology

The Nervous System

Properties of Drugs

Drugs of Abuse

Psychostimulants

Nicotine and Caffeine

Alcohol

GHP and Inhalants

Opioids

Cannabinoids

Psychedelic Drugs

Treatments for Depression and Bipolar Disorder

Treatments for Anxiety Disorders

Antipsychotic Drugs

Filters

Exam 3: Neurotransmission

Why does sodium enter neurons when sodium channels are opened?

An action potential cannot be generated during the relative refraction period.

Exocytosis refers to:

Which of the following all belong to the monoamine class of neurotransmitters?

A sodium-potassium pump brings:

All of the following are examples of a neurotransmitter except:

Researchers can infer the rate of neurotransmitter release from turnover.

Reuptake refers to a neurotransmitter returning to the neuron it was released from.

Proteins located in neuron membranes that can be bound to and activated by neurotransmitters are called:

Why might the speed of electrical transmission be faster for a mylenated neuron compared to an unmyelated neuron?

Ions flow through pores in a neuron's membrane called:

All of the following are true about neuromodulation except:

Heteroreceptors are located on postsynaptic terminals.

The difference between the electrical charge within a neuron and the electrical charge of the environment immediately outside the neuron is called a(n):

Neurotransmitters enter vesicles through channels called:

During the ___________________,the neuron is incapable of producing another action potential.

Saltatory conduction describes:

The majority of types of adrenoceptors:

The effectiveness of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for temporarily treating the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease suggests that:

The uncovered sections of axons between myelin sheaths are called _____________.

Introduction to Psychopharmacology

The Nervous System

Properties of Drugs

Drugs of Abuse

Psychostimulants

Nicotine and Caffeine

Alcohol

GHP and Inhalants

Opioids

Cannabinoids

Psychedelic Drugs

Treatments for Depression and Bipolar Disorder

Treatments for Anxiety Disorders

Antipsychotic Drugs

Filters