Question 1

Which of the following is an example of the way in which the human rights guaranteed in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)are monitored?

Accepted Answer

A) Norway submits a report to the Human Rights Committee on efforts taken by the French government to comply with the treaty every three years. 
B) Amnesty International submits reports on all countries to the Human Rights Committee for review. 
C) Sweden submits a report to the Human Rights Committee on their compliance with the treaty every three years. 
D) The United States submits reports on the compliance levels of all UN member states to the Human Rights Committee every 3 years. 
A) Norway submits a report to the Human Rights Committee on efforts taken by the French government to comply with the treaty every three years. 
B) Amnesty International submits reports on all countries to the Human Rights Committee for review. 
C) Sweden submits a report to the Human Rights Committee on their compliance with the treaty every three years. 
D) The United States submits reports on the compliance levels of all UN member states to the Human Rights Committee every 3 years.

Question 2

Has human rights law been effective? What has helped it be effective and what has prevented it from being more effective?

Accepted Answer

The evidence for the effectiveness of in

Question 3

Why have scholars recently changed their opinion on whether global human rights violations have increased or decreased over the past 35 years?

Accepted Answer

A) The United Nations has placed more emphasis on tracking human rights violations. 
B) Few scholars were looking into human rights issues earlier than 2000. 
C) Reliable statistics have only recently become available for the 1980s. 
D) The definition for what counts as a human rights violation has expanded over time. 
A) The United Nations has placed more emphasis on tracking human rights violations. 
B) Few scholars were looking into human rights issues earlier than 2000. 
C) Reliable statistics have only recently become available for the 1980s. 
D) The definition for what counts as a human rights violation has expanded over time.

Question 4

In what way has the public been socialized to identify with universal human rights?

Accepted Answer

A) The most powerful states in the international system support human rights,and other states support these rights to establish a good reputation. 
B) NGOs,working through TANs,have played a key role in educating the public about human rights,and the public has been persuaded to accept human rights. 
C) Trade agreements condition trade benefits on respect for human rights,making the public more supportive of human rights. 
D) International organizations use the threat of sanctions to ensure that human rights are protected,and the public supports human rights as a result. 
A) The most powerful states in the international system support human rights,and other states support these rights to establish a good reputation. 
B) NGOs,working through TANs,have played a key role in educating the public about human rights,and the public has been persuaded to accept human rights. 
C) Trade agreements condition trade benefits on respect for human rights,making the public more supportive of human rights. 
D) International organizations use the threat of sanctions to ensure that human rights are protected,and the public supports human rights as a result.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a right guaranteed by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights?

Accepted Answer

A) Free primary education 
B) Freedom of assembly and association 
C) The right to strike 
D) Exploitation of child labor 
A) Free primary education 
B) Freedom of assembly and association 
C) The right to strike 
D) Exploitation of child labor

Question 6

States violate international human rights law for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that governments:

Accepted Answer

A) do not always have the capacity to comply with human rights commitments. 
B) do not understand the implications of their human rights agreements. 
C) may overreact when responding to national security threats from other countries. 
D) may attack domestic opponents in order to retain power. 
A) do not always have the capacity to comply with human rights commitments. 
B) do not understand the implications of their human rights agreements. 
C) may overreact when responding to national security threats from other countries. 
D) may attack domestic opponents in order to retain power.

Question 7

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights can best be described as:

Accepted Answer

A) the first piece of hard international human rights law. 
B) a common standard of achievement for all peoples. 
C) the international bill of rights. 
D) a key part of the UN Charter. 
A) the first piece of hard international human rights law. 
B) a common standard of achievement for all peoples. 
C) the international bill of rights. 
D) a key part of the UN Charter.

Question 8

Why is there disagreement among states over when and how human rights should be protected?

Accepted Answer

A) There are few international treaties designed to protect human rights. 
B) Human rights violations occur within states and they rarely affect the material welfare of other countries. 
C) The United Nations Security Council does not have the authority to decide when and how human rights should be protected. 
D) There are no international institutions designed to ensure protections of human rights abuses occurring within countries. 
A) There are few international treaties designed to protect human rights. 
B) Human rights violations occur within states and they rarely affect the material welfare of other countries. 
C) The United Nations Security Council does not have the authority to decide when and how human rights should be protected. 
D) There are no international institutions designed to ensure protections of human rights abuses occurring within countries.

Question 9

In what way have TANs been successful in changing state human rights practices?

Accepted Answer

A) TANs have pressured states to intervene militarily when human rights abuses are taking place. 
B) TANs have provided resources to states to secure the protection of some human rights. 
C) TANs have pressured states to adopt an International Human Rights Court. 
D) TANs have contributed to the development of international norms by changing conceptions of rights and interests of individuals and states. 
A) TANs have pressured states to intervene militarily when human rights abuses are taking place. 
B) TANs have provided resources to states to secure the protection of some human rights. 
C) TANs have pressured states to adopt an International Human Rights Court. 
D) TANs have contributed to the development of international norms by changing conceptions of rights and interests of individuals and states.

Question 10

Why might ICC involvement in conflict prolong violence?

Accepted Answer

A) The lack of precision in the ICC agreement reduces the likelihood of ICC activity in most states. 
B) Leaders have incentives to fight longer because if they lose they face the risk of prosecution by the ICC. 
C) Violence often continues during the long investigation and trial process at the ICC. 
D) The risk of prosecution is low enough that leaders are not deterred by possible ICC activity. 
A) The lack of precision in the ICC agreement reduces the likelihood of ICC activity in most states. 
B) Leaders have incentives to fight longer because if they lose they face the risk of prosecution by the ICC. 
C) Violence often continues during the long investigation and trial process at the ICC. 
D) The risk of prosecution is low enough that leaders are not deterred by possible ICC activity.

Question 11

Why is international enforcement of international human rights treaties more difficult than enforcement of other types of treaties?

Accepted Answer

A) International enforcement mechanisms are weaker than international law in other issue areas. 
B) Cooperation gains that make other types of international law self-enforcing are small or nonexistent when it comes to respect for human rights. 
C) Powerful states are not members of most international human rights treaties. 
D) States sign international human rights treaties only when they intend to comply. 
A) International enforcement mechanisms are weaker than international law in other issue areas. 
B) Cooperation gains that make other types of international law self-enforcing are small or nonexistent when it comes to respect for human rights. 
C) Powerful states are not members of most international human rights treaties. 
D) States sign international human rights treaties only when they intend to comply.

Question 12

Which of the following would most clearly be an example of Amnesty International's core mission?

Accepted Answer

A) Launching a campaign to free a Cuban citizen imprisoned for criticizing the government 
B) Calling for the release of a Japanese citizen accused of murdering his neighbor 
C) Lobbying for a new law in Pakistan guaranteeing 4 months maternity leave 
D) Attempting to free a woman convicted of committing a terrorist act in France 
A) Launching a campaign to free a Cuban citizen imprisoned for criticizing the government 
B) Calling for the release of a Japanese citizen accused of murdering his neighbor 
C) Lobbying for a new law in Pakistan guaranteeing 4 months maternity leave 
D) Attempting to free a woman convicted of committing a terrorist act in France

Question 13

How have TANs affected the adoption of human rights norms?

Accepted Answer

Inconsistent enforcement of human rights

Question 14

What is the International Bill of Rights?

Accepted Answer

A) The UDHR,the ICCPR,and the ICESCR. 
B) The UDHR. 
C) The ICCPR and the ICESCR. 
D) The ICCPR. 
A) The UDHR,the ICCPR,and the ICESCR. 
B) The UDHR. 
C) The ICCPR and the ICESCR. 
D) The ICCPR.

Question 15

Whereas we used to think that the rate of global human rights violations had ________ in the
Past 35 years,recent scholarship has indicated that it has ________.

Accepted Answer

A) decreased; increased 
B) increased; decreased 
C) stayed the same; decreased 
D) stayed the same; increased 
A) decreased; increased 
B) increased; decreased 
C) stayed the same; decreased 
D) stayed the same; increased

Question 16

Why has the United States pursued bilateral Article 98 agreements to undermine the ICC?

Accepted Answer

A) Article 98 agreements require that ICC member states adopt strong domestic legal institutions,so as to make the ICC irrelevant. 
B) Article 98 agreements stipulate that ICC member states must submit to the jurisdiction of the ICC on a case-by-case basis. 
C) Article 98 agreements exempt a country from handing U.S.nationals over to the ICC. 
D) Article 98 agreements specify a timeframe for states to withdraw from their obligations under the ICC. 
A) Article 98 agreements require that ICC member states adopt strong domestic legal institutions,so as to make the ICC irrelevant. 
B) Article 98 agreements stipulate that ICC member states must submit to the jurisdiction of the ICC on a case-by-case basis. 
C) Article 98 agreements exempt a country from handing U.S.nationals over to the ICC. 
D) Article 98 agreements specify a timeframe for states to withdraw from their obligations under the ICC.

Question 17

In addition to the UDHR,the first international treaty to protect human rights covered:

Accepted Answer

A) freedom of movement. 
B) freedom of speech. 
C) asylum from persecution. 
D) freedom from genocide. 
A) freedom of movement. 
B) freedom of speech. 
C) asylum from persecution. 
D) freedom from genocide.

Question 18

Why did states write two separate treaties when translating the UDHR into hard international law protecting human rights?

Accepted Answer

A) States wanted the rights protected in one treaty to be hard law and the rights protected in the other treaty to be soft law. 
B) The negotiation over hard international human rights law got caught in the Cold War politics of the United States and Soviet Union. 
C) Some states did not view many rights guaranteed in the UDHR as universal human rights. 
D) Civil and political rights were viewed as too ambitious to implement,and many states advocated placing them in a separate treaty. 
A) States wanted the rights protected in one treaty to be hard law and the rights protected in the other treaty to be soft law. 
B) The negotiation over hard international human rights law got caught in the Cold War politics of the United States and Soviet Union. 
C) Some states did not view many rights guaranteed in the UDHR as universal human rights. 
D) Civil and political rights were viewed as too ambitious to implement,and many states advocated placing them in a separate treaty.

Question 19

Which of the following is the best example of how a transnational advocacy network (TAN)can enforce human rights standards?

Accepted Answer

A) Multinational corporations arranged a coup in Guatemala to help protect their commercial interests from being infringed. 
B) The United States,Great Britain,and other countries invaded Iraq to remove Saddam Hussein's abusive government. 
C) International nongovernmental organizations caused the U.S.government to cut aid to Argentina by reporting on human rights abuses. 
D) The Organization of American States suspended Cuba's membership after the communist revolution of 1959. 
A) Multinational corporations arranged a coup in Guatemala to help protect their commercial interests from being infringed. 
B) The United States,Great Britain,and other countries invaded Iraq to remove Saddam Hussein's abusive government. 
C) International nongovernmental organizations caused the U.S.government to cut aid to Argentina by reporting on human rights abuses. 
D) The Organization of American States suspended Cuba's membership after the communist revolution of 1959.

Question 20

Since the adoption of the UDHR and the twin covenants:

Accepted Answer

A) states have pulled back from issuing such strong human rights protections. 
B) states have refused to enforce the provisions of the documents. 
C) additional rights have been guaranteed through supplemental agreements. 
D) many rights have been redefined as being nonderogable. 
A) states have pulled back from issuing such strong human rights protections. 
B) states have refused to enforce the provisions of the documents. 
C) additional rights have been guaranteed through supplemental agreements. 
D) many rights have been redefined as being nonderogable.

Which of the following is an example of the way in which the human rights guaranteed in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)are monitored?

Has human rights law been effective? What has helped it be effective and what has prevented it from being more effective?

Why have scholars recently changed their opinion on whether global human rights violations have increased or decreased over the past 35 years?

In what way has the public been socialized to identify with universal human rights?

Which of the following is an example of a right guaranteed by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights?

States violate international human rights law for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that governments:

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights can best be described as:

Why is there disagreement among states over when and how human rights should be protected?

In what way have TANs been successful in changing state human rights practices?

Why might ICC involvement in conflict prolong violence?

Why is international enforcement of international human rights treaties more difficult than enforcement of other types of treaties?

Which of the following would most clearly be an example of Amnesty International's core mission?

How have TANs affected the adoption of human rights norms?

What is the International Bill of Rights?

Whereas we used to think that the rate of global human rights violations had in the Past 35 years,recent scholarship has indicated that it has .

Why has the United States pursued bilateral Article 98 agreements to undermine the ICC?

In addition to the UDHR,the first international treaty to protect human rights covered:

Why did states write two separate treaties when translating the UDHR into hard international law protecting human rights?

Which of the following is the best example of how a transnational advocacy network (TAN)can enforce human rights standards?

Since the adoption of the UDHR and the twin covenants:

What Shaped Our World

Understanding Interests, interactions, and Institutions

Why Are There Wars

Domestic Politics and War

International Institutions and War

Violence by Nonstate Actors: Civil War and Terrorism

International Trade

International Financial Relations

International Monetary Relations

Development: Causes of the Wealth and Poverty of Nations

International Law and Norms

The Global Environment

The Future of International Politics

Introduction

Foundations, War, and Peace

International Political Economy, Transnational Politics, and Looking Ahead

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Exam 12: Human Rights

Which of the following is an example of the way in which the human rights guaranteed in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)are monitored?

Has human rights law been effective? What has helped it be effective and what has prevented it from being more effective?

Why have scholars recently changed their opinion on whether global human rights violations have increased or decreased over the past 35 years?

In what way has the public been socialized to identify with universal human rights?

Which of the following is an example of a right guaranteed by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights?

States violate international human rights law for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that governments:

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights can best be described as:

Why is there disagreement among states over when and how human rights should be protected?

In what way have TANs been successful in changing state human rights practices?

Why might ICC involvement in conflict prolong violence?

Why is international enforcement of international human rights treaties more difficult than enforcement of other types of treaties?

Which of the following would most clearly be an example of Amnesty International's core mission?

How have TANs affected the adoption of human rights norms?

What is the International Bill of Rights?

Whereas we used to think that the rate of global human rights violations had ________ in the Past 35 years,recent scholarship has indicated that it has ________.

Why has the United States pursued bilateral Article 98 agreements to undermine the ICC?

In addition to the UDHR,the first international treaty to protect human rights covered:

Why did states write two separate treaties when translating the UDHR into hard international law protecting human rights?

Which of the following is the best example of how a transnational advocacy network (TAN)can enforce human rights standards?

Since the adoption of the UDHR and the twin covenants:

What Shaped Our World

Understanding Interests, interactions, and Institutions

Why Are There Wars

Domestic Politics and War

International Institutions and War

Violence by Nonstate Actors: Civil War and Terrorism

International Trade

International Financial Relations

International Monetary Relations

Development: Causes of the Wealth and Poverty of Nations

International Law and Norms

The Global Environment

The Future of International Politics

Introduction

Foundations, War, and Peace

International Political Economy, Transnational Politics, and Looking Ahead

Filters

Whereas we used to think that the rate of global human rights violations had in the Past 35 years,recent scholarship has indicated that it has .