Question 1

What would be an example of a naturally occurring independent variable?

Accepted Answer

A) implementation of a new school testing program 
B) changing the gender on a job application 
C) exposing the participant to a negative stereotype 
D) threatening a participant's masculinity 
A) implementation of a new school testing program 
B) changing the gender on a job application 
C) exposing the participant to a negative stereotype 
D) threatening a participant's masculinity

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a physiological measure?

Accepted Answer

A) a score on a racial bias test 
B) heart rate 
C) whether employers called job applicants back 
D) a response to the survey question: "Have you attended church,synagogue,or mosque in the last seven days?" 
A) a score on a racial bias test 
B) heart rate 
C) whether employers called job applicants back 
D) a response to the survey question: "Have you attended church,synagogue,or mosque in the last seven days?"

Question 3

A study design in which participants are randomly assigned to different levels of the independent variable,such as viewing résumés for a male or a female job applicant,is known as a ________ design.

Accepted Answer

A) between-subject 
B) within-subject 
C) factorial 
D) split-ballot 
A) between-subject 
B) within-subject 
C) factorial 
D) split-ballot

Question 4

What is a quality of a successful experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) A significant number of participants will disregard instructions given to them. 
B) A significant number of participants may be suspicious about the study's hypothesis. 
C) Participants are actively engaged. 
D) Participants may be distracted by factors unrelated to the experiment. 
A) A significant number of participants will disregard instructions given to them. 
B) A significant number of participants may be suspicious about the study's hypothesis. 
C) Participants are actively engaged. 
D) Participants may be distracted by factors unrelated to the experiment.

Question 5

Raul wants to conduct a study on interracial dating by asking participants to read a description of a scenario and then answer questions about how they would react to the given situation.He would like the study to have high external validity.Which type of experiment would he choose?

Accepted Answer

A) laboratory 
B) field 
C) population-based survey 
D) natural 
A) laboratory 
B) field 
C) population-based survey 
D) natural

Question 6

What may be a consequence of suspicion?

Accepted Answer

A) Suspicion reduces social desirability bias. 
B) Suspicion causes participants to behave in artificial ways. 
C) Participants will be more alert and follow instructions more carefully. 
D) Participants will be more engaged and focused. 
A) Suspicion reduces social desirability bias. 
B) Suspicion causes participants to behave in artificial ways. 
C) Participants will be more alert and follow instructions more carefully. 
D) Participants will be more engaged and focused.

Question 7

Compared to behavioral measures,what is a characteristic of an attitudinal measure?

Accepted Answer

A) It is less susceptible to social desirability bias. 
B) Researchers generally prefer attitudinal measures to behavioral measures. 
C) Researchers prefer attitudinal measures when they want to understand how people actually treat one another and respond to the social world. 
D) Researchers prefer attitudinal measures when they are interested in understanding why an outcome occurs. 
A) It is less susceptible to social desirability bias. 
B) Researchers generally prefer attitudinal measures to behavioral measures. 
C) Researchers prefer attitudinal measures when they want to understand how people actually treat one another and respond to the social world. 
D) Researchers prefer attitudinal measures when they are interested in understanding why an outcome occurs.

Question 8

What is a characteristic of the laboratory experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) low degree of internal validity 
B) high degree of external validity 
C) allows disentangling of the complexity of a social phenomenon that occurs in the natural world 
D) ideally suited for investigating applied questions 
A) low degree of internal validity 
B) high degree of external validity 
C) allows disentangling of the complexity of a social phenomenon that occurs in the natural world 
D) ideally suited for investigating applied questions

Question 9

What is a key feature of experiments?

Accepted Answer

A) manipulation of one or more dependent variables to determine the effect(s)on an independent variable 
B) nonrandom assignment of participants to experimental and control conditions 
C) control of other factors that could influence the dependent variable 
D) pose no ethical issues 
A) manipulation of one or more dependent variables to determine the effect(s)on an independent variable 
B) nonrandom assignment of participants to experimental and control conditions 
C) control of other factors that could influence the dependent variable 
D) pose no ethical issues

Question 10

Kendra is interested in the relationship between spirituality and aggressiveness.Which method should she choose if she is interested in eliminating spuriousness?

Accepted Answer

A) survey 
B) experiment 
C) ethnography 
D) archival analysis 
A) survey 
B) experiment 
C) ethnography 
D) archival analysis

Question 11

________ refers to the extent to which the conclusions drawn from a study generalize to a larger population or to a different setting.

Accepted Answer

A) Internal validity 
B) External validity 
C) Reliability 
D) Salience 
A) Internal validity 
B) External validity 
C) Reliability 
D) Salience

Question 12

Look at the table below.What is the correct placement of the types of dependent measures?

Accepted Answer

A) Cell 1=Attitudinal measures;Cell 2=Behavioral measures;Cell 3=Physiological measures 
B) Cell 1=Behavioral measures;Cell 2=Attitudinal measures;Cell 3=Physiological measures 
C) Cell 1=Physiological measures;Cell 2=Behavioral measures;Cell 3=Attitudinal measures 
D) Cell 1=Behavioral measures;Cell 2=Physiological measures;Cell 3=Attitudinal measures 
A) Cell 1=Attitudinal measures;Cell 2=Behavioral measures;Cell 3=Physiological measures 
B) Cell 1=Behavioral measures;Cell 2=Attitudinal measures;Cell 3=Physiological measures 
C) Cell 1=Physiological measures;Cell 2=Behavioral measures;Cell 3=Attitudinal measures 
D) Cell 1=Behavioral measures;Cell 2=Physiological measures;Cell 3=Attitudinal measures

Question 13

The Devah Pager study on criminal status,race,and hiring is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) laboratory experiment. 
B) audit study. 
C) population-based survey experiment. 
D) natural experiment. 
A) laboratory experiment. 
B) audit study. 
C) population-based survey experiment. 
D) natural experiment.

Question 14

Jenna is conducting a study on gender bias in hiring.She has recruited participants to evaluate job applications.What is an effective way to manipulate the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

A) She can put common women's names on all highly qualified candidate's applications and put common men's names on unqualified applications. 
B) She can randomly put common women's names and common men's names on similarly qualified applications. 
C) She can tell the participants to ignore the gender of the person who wrote the application. 
D) She can delete all indicators of gender from all applications. 
A) She can put common women's names on all highly qualified candidate's applications and put common men's names on unqualified applications. 
B) She can randomly put common women's names and common men's names on similarly qualified applications. 
C) She can tell the participants to ignore the gender of the person who wrote the application. 
D) She can delete all indicators of gender from all applications.

Question 15

________ is when an apparent relation between two concepts is actually the result of some third concept influencing both of them.

Accepted Answer

A) Triangulation 
B) Spuriousness 
C) Salience 
D) External validity 
A) Triangulation 
B) Spuriousness 
C) Salience 
D) External validity

Question 16

Shawna is interested in the effect of a particular test strategy on test performance and wants to reduce experimenter effects.What is a strategy that she could use?

Accepted Answer

A) conduct a double-blind study 
B) use a between-subject design 
C) use confederates 
D) use a cover story 
A) conduct a double-blind study 
B) use a between-subject design 
C) use confederates 
D) use a cover story

Question 17

When study participants report positively valued behaviors and attitudes rather than giving truthful responses,this is known as

Accepted Answer

A) social desirability bias. 
B) salience. 
C) spuriousness. 
D) triangulation. 
A) social desirability bias. 
B) salience. 
C) spuriousness. 
D) triangulation.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of an attitudinal measure?

Accepted Answer

A) a score on an aptitude test 
B) frequency participants sent pornographic images to their partners 
C) blood pressure 
D) a response to the survey question: "How much did you like your partner today?" 
A) a score on an aptitude test 
B) frequency participants sent pornographic images to their partners 
C) blood pressure 
D) a response to the survey question: "How much did you like your partner today?"

Question 19

Design a laboratory experiment that requires a cover story and debriefing.State the hypothesis.Discuss how you will (1)create a setting that is engaging and makes sense to the participant,
(2)manipulate the independent variable while holding other factors constant, (3)devise a valid and reliable measure of the dependent variable,and (4)assess the quality of the experiment and work to ensure the participant's well-being.Write a paragraph for each of the four stages.In your answer,discuss how your manipulation of the independent variable is strong enough that participants are aware of it,but not so strong as to give away the study's hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary.First,students should

Question 20

Is it wise to tell participants the experiment's true purpose?

Accepted Answer

A) No,because participants may change their behavior as a result of learning the true purpose of the experiment. 
B) Yes,because telling participants the experiment's true purpose is always required by institutional review boards. 
C) Yes,because participants do not change their behavior as a result of learning the true purpose of the experiment. 
D) Yes,because revealing the exact purpose of the experiment does not make participants react in ways that are artificially consistent with the study hypotheses. 
A) No,because participants may change their behavior as a result of learning the true purpose of the experiment. 
B) Yes,because telling participants the experiment's true purpose is always required by institutional review boards. 
C) Yes,because participants do not change their behavior as a result of learning the true purpose of the experiment. 
D) Yes,because revealing the exact purpose of the experiment does not make participants react in ways that are artificially consistent with the study hypotheses.

What would be an example of a naturally occurring independent variable?

Which of the following is an example of a physiological measure?

A study design in which participants are randomly assigned to different levels of the independent variable,such as viewing résumés for a male or a female job applicant,is known as a ________ design.

What is a quality of a successful experiment?

Raul wants to conduct a study on interracial dating by asking participants to read a description of a scenario and then answer questions about how they would react to the given situation.He would like the study to have high external validity.Which type of experiment would he choose?

What may be a consequence of suspicion?

Compared to behavioral measures,what is a characteristic of an attitudinal measure?

What is a characteristic of the laboratory experiment?

What is a key feature of experiments?

Kendra is interested in the relationship between spirituality and aggressiveness.Which method should she choose if she is interested in eliminating spuriousness?

________ refers to the extent to which the conclusions drawn from a study generalize to a larger population or to a different setting.

Look at the table below.What is the correct placement of the types of dependent measures?

The Devah Pager study on criminal status,race,and hiring is an example of a(n)

Jenna is conducting a study on gender bias in hiring.She has recruited participants to evaluate job applications.What is an effective way to manipulate the independent variable?

________ is when an apparent relation between two concepts is actually the result of some third concept influencing both of them.

Shawna is interested in the effect of a particular test strategy on test performance and wants to reduce experimenter effects.What is a strategy that she could use?

When study participants report positively valued behaviors and attitudes rather than giving truthful responses,this is known as

Which of the following is an example of an attitudinal measure?

Is it wise to tell participants the experiment's true purpose?

The Art and Science of Social Research: An Introduction

Research Foundations: Linking Sociological Theory to Research

Ethical Issues in Social Science Research

From Concepts to Models: Hypotheses, Operationalization, and Measurement

Evaluating Research: Reliability and Validity

Sampling Strategies

Evaluation Research

Ethnography

In-Depth Interviewing

Materials-Based Methods

Social Network Analysis

Univariate and Bivariate Analysis of Quantitative Data

Multivariate and Advanced Quantitative Methods

Analysis of Qualitative Data

Communicating Social Science Research Findings

Filters

Exam 8: Experimental Research

What would be an example of a naturally occurring independent variable?

Which of the following is an example of a physiological measure?

A study design in which participants are randomly assigned to different levels of the independent variable,such as viewing résumés for a male or a female job applicant,is known as a ________ design.

What is a quality of a successful experiment?

Raul wants to conduct a study on interracial dating by asking participants to read a description of a scenario and then answer questions about how they would react to the given situation.He would like the study to have high external validity.Which type of experiment would he choose?

What may be a consequence of suspicion?

Compared to behavioral measures,what is a characteristic of an attitudinal measure?

What is a characteristic of the laboratory experiment?

What is a key feature of experiments?

Kendra is interested in the relationship between spirituality and aggressiveness.Which method should she choose if she is interested in eliminating spuriousness?

________ refers to the extent to which the conclusions drawn from a study generalize to a larger population or to a different setting.

Look at the table below.What is the correct placement of the types of dependent measures?

The Devah Pager study on criminal status,race,and hiring is an example of a(n)

Jenna is conducting a study on gender bias in hiring.She has recruited participants to evaluate job applications.What is an effective way to manipulate the independent variable?

________ is when an apparent relation between two concepts is actually the result of some third concept influencing both of them.

Shawna is interested in the effect of a particular test strategy on test performance and wants to reduce experimenter effects.What is a strategy that she could use?

When study participants report positively valued behaviors and attitudes rather than giving truthful responses,this is known as

Which of the following is an example of an attitudinal measure?

Is it wise to tell participants the experiment's true purpose?

The Art and Science of Social Research: An Introduction

Research Foundations: Linking Sociological Theory to Research

Ethical Issues in Social Science Research

From Concepts to Models: Hypotheses, Operationalization, and Measurement

Evaluating Research: Reliability and Validity

Sampling Strategies

Evaluation Research

Ethnography

In-Depth Interviewing

Materials-Based Methods

Social Network Analysis

Univariate and Bivariate Analysis of Quantitative Data

Multivariate and Advanced Quantitative Methods

Analysis of Qualitative Data

Communicating Social Science Research Findings

Filters