Question 1

For a population to evolve,there must be genetic differences between organisms in that population.These differences come from

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation. 
B)  a change in an organism's behavior. 
C)  natural selection. 
D)  common descent. 
A)  mutation. 
B)  a change in an organism's behavior. 
C)  natural selection. 
D)  common descent.

Question 2

The main conclusion Darwin reached after his return from the expedition aboard the HMS Beagle was that

Accepted Answer

A)  the animals living on the Galápagos Islands were similar to those seen on other Pacific islands. 
B)  the animals living on the Galápagos Islands were closely related to those found in England. 
C)  animal species are stable over time and do not evolve. 
D)  plant and animal populations slowly change over time as beneficial characteristics become more widespread. 
A)  the animals living on the Galápagos Islands were similar to those seen on other Pacific islands. 
B)  the animals living on the Galápagos Islands were closely related to those found in England. 
C)  animal species are stable over time and do not evolve. 
D)  plant and animal populations slowly change over time as beneficial characteristics become more widespread.

Question 3

The origin of many species of Galápagos finches from one original species is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  gene cascades. 
B)  mass extinctions. 
C)  adaptation and speciation. 
D)  genetic drift and emigration. 
A)  gene cascades. 
B)  mass extinctions. 
C)  adaptation and speciation. 
D)  genetic drift and emigration.

Question 4

The evolution of the horse from an animal with five toes to an animal with one toe demonstrates one of the common evolutionary themes-that organisms become less complex over time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Populations evolve over time because the individuals that form them are individually evolving.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

After reading an essay written by ________,both Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace became aware of the potential for populations to increase beyond their environment's capacity to provide for all individuals,resulting in competition for survival.

Accepted Answer

Reverend T

Question 7

Suppose a population's gene pool consists of the A and a alleles in a ratio of 80:20.If the population has reached equilibrium,the next generation will consist of genotypes in a ratio of

Accepted Answer

A)  36AA:28Aa:36aa. 
B)  36AA:48Aa:16aa. 
C)  25AA:50Aa:25aa. 
D)  64AA:32Aa:4aa. 
A)  36AA:28Aa:36aa. 
B)  36AA:48Aa:16aa. 
C)  25AA:50Aa:25aa. 
D)  64AA:32Aa:4aa.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is an example of a behavioral adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polar bears have white fur and are nearly invisible in their native habitat. 
B)  Pacific salmon spend the early part of their lives in fresh water but then migrate to the ocean to grow and mature. 
C)  Caterpillars that hatch on oak trees in the summer resemble twigs, whereas caterpillars that hatch in the spring resemble oak flowers. 
D)  Deer mice forage at night and are normally inactive during the day. 
A)  Polar bears have white fur and are nearly invisible in their native habitat. 
B)  Pacific salmon spend the early part of their lives in fresh water but then migrate to the ocean to grow and mature. 
C)  Caterpillars that hatch on oak trees in the summer resemble twigs, whereas caterpillars that hatch in the spring resemble oak flowers. 
D)  Deer mice forage at night and are normally inactive during the day.

Question 9

Scientists who believe in evolution are never religious.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Upon his return to England,Darwin realized that the species he had seen in the Galápagos Islands were distinctive to that locale.Which of the following statements best explains the uniqueness of the assemblage of species that Darwin observed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Very little genetic drift was occurring, because the island populations were relatively large. 
B)  The islands were too remote for human occupancy; therefore, the habitat modification that humans introduce had not yet occurred. 
C)  No DNA mutation was occurring among the various island species. 
D)  Very little gene flow was occurring, because the islands were so distant from the mainland. 
A)  Very little genetic drift was occurring, because the island populations were relatively large. 
B)  The islands were too remote for human occupancy; therefore, the habitat modification that humans introduce had not yet occurred. 
C)  No DNA mutation was occurring among the various island species. 
D)  Very little gene flow was occurring, because the islands were so distant from the mainland.

Question 11

One of the reasons why scientists have had so much difficulty finding a cure for HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)and AIDS is that the virus is quick to evolve resistance to the drugs that are used to treat it.What is the most likely mechanism for this type of evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Certain versions of the virus are slower to die when exposed to a drug than others. Those viruses may survive drug treatment and pass their genes to their offspring. 
B)  Every time a person takes an HIV drug, it randomly kills off most of the virus particles but not all of them. Those that survive repopulate the body of their host. 
C)  Although all copies of a particular strain of HIV are identical, some are better at hiding in regions of the body that drugs cannot reach, and those viruses "teach" their offspring where to hide. 
D)  Some versions of HIV produce chemicals that break down the drugs before they can harm the virus. 
A)  Certain versions of the virus are slower to die when exposed to a drug than others. Those viruses may survive drug treatment and pass their genes to their offspring. 
B)  Every time a person takes an HIV drug, it randomly kills off most of the virus particles but not all of them. Those that survive repopulate the body of their host. 
C)  Although all copies of a particular strain of HIV are identical, some are better at hiding in regions of the body that drugs cannot reach, and those viruses "teach" their offspring where to hide. 
D)  Some versions of HIV produce chemicals that break down the drugs before they can harm the virus.

Question 12

In the phrase survival of the fittest,the term fittest refers to the individual with the greatest physical strength.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Flounder (a type of fish)generally match the color of the sandy bottoms of the bodies of water they inhabit.Their color functions like camouflage,making them difficult for predators to detect.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  speciation. 
B)  adaptation. 
C)  continental drift. 
D)  guided mutation. 
A)  speciation. 
B)  adaptation. 
C)  continental drift. 
D)  guided mutation.

Question 14

Early scholars recognized that species change over time,either because of chance or because of changes imposed by their environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Human embryos and fish embryos share a number of features.Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans and fishes share a common ancestor. 
B)  All embryos share a similar environment and have acquired similar features via directional selection. 
C)  Mutations in human and fish embryos have caused them to look alike. 
D)  Humans and all other vertebrates, including fishes, have identical sets of genes; the differences between the various species are caused by the patterns and timing of gene activation. 
A)  Humans and fishes share a common ancestor. 
B)  All embryos share a similar environment and have acquired similar features via directional selection. 
C)  Mutations in human and fish embryos have caused them to look alike. 
D)  Humans and all other vertebrates, including fishes, have identical sets of genes; the differences between the various species are caused by the patterns and timing of gene activation.

Question 16

Continental drift predicts that fossils of species that evolved after Pangaea split apart should be found on only one or a few present-day continents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Some finches on the Galápagos Islands feed on insects,an unusual food for finches to eat.Which of the following statements about these finches is most likely to be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They could not survive if they were moved from their island. 
B)  They observed and learned this feeding style from local birds. 
C)  They switched their diet to insects because insects are nutritionally superior. 
D)  They gradually adapted to this feeding style because they had no competition from typical insect-eating birds. 
A)  They could not survive if they were moved from their island. 
B)  They observed and learned this feeding style from local birds. 
C)  They switched their diet to insects because insects are nutritionally superior. 
D)  They gradually adapted to this feeding style because they had no competition from typical insect-eating birds.

Question 18

When scientists use the phrase theory of evolution,they are respecting the large segment of the scientific community that remains skeptical of the reality of evolution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Some highly successful biologists also have a strong religious faith.How do they reconcile their faith with the scientific evidence for evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most of them reject modern evolutionary theory because they believe it is biased by the ongoing conflict between religion and science. 
B)  They recognize that religion and evolution are distinct areas of inquiry that do not overlap with each other. 
C)  They note that the theory of evolution is flawed because it consistently fails to predict the patterns of mutations that are proposed to drive the process. 
D)  They recognize that evolution works only in nonsentient creatures and that human intelligence has limited the role of evolution. 
A)  Most of them reject modern evolutionary theory because they believe it is biased by the ongoing conflict between religion and science. 
B)  They recognize that religion and evolution are distinct areas of inquiry that do not overlap with each other. 
C)  They note that the theory of evolution is flawed because it consistently fails to predict the patterns of mutations that are proposed to drive the process. 
D)  They recognize that evolution works only in nonsentient creatures and that human intelligence has limited the role of evolution.

Question 20

One result of ________ over evolutionary time spans is that the alleles that enable individuals to survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals become more common in the population.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One result of ________ over evolutionary time...

Exam 14: How Evolution Works

For a population to evolve,there must be genetic differences between organisms in that population.These differences come from

The main conclusion Darwin reached after his return from the expedition aboard the HMS Beagle was that

The origin of many species of Galápagos finches from one original species is an example of

The evolution of the horse from an animal with five toes to an animal with one toe demonstrates one of the common evolutionary themes-that organisms become less complex over time.

Populations evolve over time because the individuals that form them are individually evolving.

After reading an essay written by ________,both Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace became aware of the potential for populations to increase beyond their environment's capacity to provide for all individuals,resulting in competition for survival.

Suppose a population's gene pool consists of the A and a alleles in a ratio of 80:20.If the population has reached equilibrium,the next generation will consist of genotypes in a ratio of

Which of the following statements is an example of a behavioral adaptation?

Scientists who believe in evolution are never religious.

Upon his return to England,Darwin realized that the species he had seen in the Galápagos Islands were distinctive to that locale.Which of the following statements best explains the uniqueness of the assemblage of species that Darwin observed?

One of the reasons why scientists have had so much difficulty finding a cure for HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)and AIDS is that the virus is quick to evolve resistance to the drugs that are used to treat it.What is the most likely mechanism for this type of evolution?

In the phrase survival of the fittest,the term fittest refers to the individual with the greatest physical strength.

Flounder (a type of fish)generally match the color of the sandy bottoms of the bodies of water they inhabit.Their color functions like camouflage,making them difficult for predators to detect.This is an example of

Early scholars recognized that species change over time,either because of chance or because of changes imposed by their environment.

Human embryos and fish embryos share a number of features.Why?

Continental drift predicts that fossils of species that evolved after Pangaea split apart should be found on only one or a few present-day continents.

Some finches on the Galápagos Islands feed on insects,an unusual food for finches to eat.Which of the following statements about these finches is most likely to be true?

When scientists use the phrase theory of evolution,they are respecting the large segment of the scientific community that remains skeptical of the reality of evolution.

Some highly successful biologists also have a strong religious faith.How do they reconcile their faith with the scientific evidence for evolution?

One result of ________ over evolutionary time spans is that the alleles that enable individuals to survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals become more common in the population.

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes

Photo Synthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Cancer and Human Health

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

DNA and Genes

From Gene to Protein

DNA Technology

The Origin of Species

The Evolution of Biodiversity

Biological Diversity, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

Animalia

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Animal Behavior

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems

Global Change

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