Question 1

Why do chromosomes only reach their highest level of compaction during mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  to allow transcription of the most genes 
B)  to keep the chromosomes organized while they are being divided up 
C)  to allow the chromosomes to fit in the nucleus 
D)  to cover the histones that might interfere with division 
A)  to allow transcription of the most genes 
B)  to keep the chromosomes organized while they are being divided up 
C)  to allow the chromosomes to fit in the nucleus 
D)  to cover the histones that might interfere with division

Question 2

When the breast cancer genes,BRCA1 and BRCA2,are mutated,damaged DNA in the cell is not corrected.Based on this information,the BRCA genes produce ________ proteins.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When the breast cancer genes,BRCA1 and BRCA2,are...

Question 3

DNA consists of two twisted strands of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of DNA consists of two twisted strands of...

Question 4

The difference between the different alleles of a gene is

Accepted Answer

A)  their DNA base sequences. 
B)  the way they are copied when the cell divides. 
C)  the type of lipid they are composed of. 
D)  not heritable. 
A)  their DNA base sequences. 
B)  the way they are copied when the cell divides. 
C)  the type of lipid they are composed of. 
D)  not heritable.

Question 5

Mutations can lead to the formation of new alleles of a gene.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The following table shows which of these four genes are on or off in three different cell types.   Why is the expression of the rRNA gene so different from the expression of the other genes in the table?

Accepted Answer

A)  rRNA is required for the proper functioning of all cells, but the products of the other genes are only essential to the function of one cell type. 
B)  rRNA is easier to produce than the products of the other genes. 
C)  The rRNA gene is found in the genomes of all three cell types, but the other genes are only found in the genomes of their specific cell type. 
D)  rRNA is needed at all stages of the cell cycle, but the products of the other genes are only needed during cell division. 
A)  rRNA is required for the proper functioning of all cells, but the products of the other genes are only essential to the function of one cell type. 
B)  rRNA is easier to produce than the products of the other genes. 
C)  The rRNA gene is found in the genomes of all three cell types, but the other genes are only found in the genomes of their specific cell type. 
D)  rRNA is needed at all stages of the cell cycle, but the products of the other genes are only needed during cell division.

Question 7

The sequence of bases along a single strand of DNA is complementary.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following must occur for a mismatch error to be repaired?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA repair proteins identify damaged DNA. 
B)  The sequence of nucleotides in the damaged DNA sequence guides the synthesis of the correct DNA sequence. 
C)  DNA-eating enzymes within the nucleus destroy entire strands of damaged DNA. 
D)  The damaged DNA undergoes DNA replication one more time. 
A)  DNA repair proteins identify damaged DNA. 
B)  The sequence of nucleotides in the damaged DNA sequence guides the synthesis of the correct DNA sequence. 
C)  DNA-eating enzymes within the nucleus destroy entire strands of damaged DNA. 
D)  The damaged DNA undergoes DNA replication one more time.

Question 9

One parent is a carrier for a recessive disease.The other parent is not a carrier and does not have the disease.Is it necessary for the fetus to undergo prenatal genetic screening to determine if she has the disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, the fetus may have inherited the disease from her carrier parent. 
B)  Yes, the disease may be dominant in the fetus. 
C)  No, the fetus may be a carrier but will not have the disease. 
D)  No, the fetus can neither be a carrier nor have the disease. 
A)  Yes, the fetus may have inherited the disease from her carrier parent. 
B)  Yes, the disease may be dominant in the fetus. 
C)  No, the fetus may be a carrier but will not have the disease. 
D)  No, the fetus can neither be a carrier nor have the disease.

Question 10

At any given time,most of the genes in the genome of an organism are actively undergoing gene expression.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

In plants,transposons are often the cause of variegation (the formation of white stripes of cells on a green leaf).Which of the following explains why a transposon might have this effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  The white cells are dead cells. When a transposon moves from one chromosome to another, it kills its host cell. 
B)  When a bacterium infects a plant cell, the plant cell begins producing bacterial proteins rather than plant proteins. 
C)  When a transposon "jumps" into the gene involved in the production of the green pigment in a plant, the gene no longer functions so the cells are all white. 
D)  When a transposon enters a cell, it inhibits the translation of all proteins. 
A)  The white cells are dead cells. When a transposon moves from one chromosome to another, it kills its host cell. 
B)  When a bacterium infects a plant cell, the plant cell begins producing bacterial proteins rather than plant proteins. 
C)  When a transposon "jumps" into the gene involved in the production of the green pigment in a plant, the gene no longer functions so the cells are all white. 
D)  When a transposon enters a cell, it inhibits the translation of all proteins.

Question 12

Most eukaryotic DNA is

Accepted Answer

A)  single-stranded. 
B)  noncoding. 
C)  regulatory sequences. 
D)  prokaryotic. 
A)  single-stranded. 
B)  noncoding. 
C)  regulatory sequences. 
D)  prokaryotic.

Question 13

The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by ________ bonds between their base pairs.

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen 
B)  amino acid 
C)  phosphate 
D)  protein 
A)  hydrogen 
B)  amino acid 
C)  phosphate 
D)  protein

Question 14

Assume a certain molecule of DNA is composed of exactly 22 percent adenine.How much cytosine would you expect to find in this molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  22 percent 
B)  28 percent 
C)  44 percent 
D)  56 percent 
A)  22 percent 
B)  28 percent 
C)  44 percent 
D)  56 percent

Question 15

This figure shows a short sequence of DNA.During DNA replication,the piece of DNA depicted below will produce

Accepted Answer

A)  one single-stranded molecule with the sequence CTAT. 
B)  two single-stranded molecules with the sequence GATA. 
C)  one single-stranded molecule with the sequence CTAT and a separate single-stranded molecule with the sequence GATA. 
D)  two double-stranded molecules that look just like the image above. 
A)  one single-stranded molecule with the sequence CTAT. 
B)  two single-stranded molecules with the sequence GATA. 
C)  one single-stranded molecule with the sequence CTAT and a separate single-stranded molecule with the sequence GATA. 
D)  two double-stranded molecules that look just like the image above.

Question 16

In eukaryotes,some genes with related functions are found on different chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Estrogen is a hormone that binds to a receptor on the surface of some cells.This binding causes regulatory molecules in the nucleus to interact with a segment of DNA that precedes some genes.This interaction activates the gene and causes gene expression.The segment of DNA that the regulatory molecules bind to is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  promoter. 
B)  transcript. 
C)  chromosome. 
D)  nucleotide. 
A)  promoter. 
B)  transcript. 
C)  chromosome. 
D)  nucleotide.

Question 18

Which of the following would NOT be a required biological property of genetic material?

Accepted Answer

A)  It must be variable. 
B)  It must exist in paired copies. 
C)  It must be able to be copied accurately. 
D)  It must contain the information needed for life. 
A)  It must be variable. 
B)  It must exist in paired copies. 
C)  It must be able to be copied accurately. 
D)  It must contain the information needed for life.

Question 19

Enzymes proofread base pairing during DNA replication.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The sequence of DNA differs among individuals within a species.This is the basis for

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation. 
B)  protein structure. 
C)  base pairing. 
D)  variations in phenotypes. 
A)  mutation. 
B)  protein structure. 
C)  base pairing. 
D)  variations in phenotypes.

Exam 11: DNA and Genes

Why do chromosomes only reach their highest level of compaction during mitosis and meiosis?

When the breast cancer genes,BRCA1 and BRCA2,are mutated,damaged DNA in the cell is not corrected.Based on this information,the BRCA genes produce ________ proteins.

DNA consists of two twisted strands of ________.

The difference between the different alleles of a gene is

Mutations can lead to the formation of new alleles of a gene.

The following table shows which of these four genes are on or off in three different cell types. Why is the expression of the rRNA gene so different from the expression of the other genes in the table?

The sequence of bases along a single strand of DNA is complementary.

Which of the following must occur for a mismatch error to be repaired?

One parent is a carrier for a recessive disease.The other parent is not a carrier and does not have the disease.Is it necessary for the fetus to undergo prenatal genetic screening to determine if she has the disease?

At any given time,most of the genes in the genome of an organism are actively undergoing gene expression.

In plants,transposons are often the cause of variegation (the formation of white stripes of cells on a green leaf).Which of the following explains why a transposon might have this effect?

Most eukaryotic DNA is

The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by ________ bonds between their base pairs.

Assume a certain molecule of DNA is composed of exactly 22 percent adenine.How much cytosine would you expect to find in this molecule?

This figure shows a short sequence of DNA.During DNA replication,the piece of DNA depicted below will produce

In eukaryotes,some genes with related functions are found on different chromosomes.

Which of the following would NOT be a required biological property of genetic material?

Enzymes proofread base pairing during DNA replication.

The sequence of DNA differs among individuals within a species.This is the basis for

The Nature of Science and the Characteristics of Life

The Chemistry of Life

Cell Structure and Internal Compartments

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Communication

Energy, Metabolism, and Enzymes

Photo Synthesis and Cellular Respiration

Cell Division

Cancer and Human Health

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

From Gene to Protein

DNA Technology

How Evolution Works

The Origin of Species

The Evolution of Biodiversity

Biological Diversity, Bacteria, and Archaea

Protista, Plantae, and Fungi

Animalia

The Biosphere

Growth of Populations

Animal Behavior

Ecological Communities

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