Question 1

The Waltham System

Accepted Answer

A) employed whole families to work in textile mills. 
B) employed young women in their late teens and early twenties. 
C) employed young children,who often worked 10-12 hours per day. 
D) was considered a disreputable form of employment for women. 
A) employed whole families to work in textile mills. 
B) employed young women in their late teens and early twenties. 
C) employed young children,who often worked 10-12 hours per day. 
D) was considered a disreputable form of employment for women. C

Question 2

The population of the United States grew _____ during the first half of the 19th century.

Accepted Answer

A) slowly 
B) erratically 
C) about 3 percent per year 
D) about 6 percent per year 
A) slowly 
B) erratically 
C) about 3 percent per year 
D) about 6 percent per year D

Question 3

Which of the following statements presents accurate information about antebellum wages for males employed in manufacturing?

Accepted Answer

A) During the 1850s,real wages doubled. 
B) Real wages were higher and grew more rapidly in New England than in the Middle Atlantic states. 
C) Wage rates converged in the mid-1800s due to transportation improvements. 
D) Wage rates in the 1820s were higher in rural areas than in urban areas. 
A) During the 1850s,real wages doubled. 
B) Real wages were higher and grew more rapidly in New England than in the Middle Atlantic states. 
C) Wage rates converged in the mid-1800s due to transportation improvements. 
D) Wage rates in the 1820s were higher in rural areas than in urban areas. C

Question 4

Which statement best describes the growth rate of adult male real wages between 1820-1860 in the U.S.?

Accepted Answer

A) The growth rate was about the same as it was in pre-Revolutionary U.S. 
B) The growth rate was negative. 
C) The growth rate was more than 5 percent per year. 
D) The growth rate was 1.2-1.6 percent per year. 
A) The growth rate was about the same as it was in pre-Revolutionary U.S. 
B) The growth rate was negative. 
C) The growth rate was more than 5 percent per year. 
D) The growth rate was 1.2-1.6 percent per year.

Question 5

In Commonwealth v.Hunt (1842)the Supreme Court of Massachusetts

Accepted Answer

A) established a legal minimum wage in manufacturing. 
B) ruled that union members have the right to strike and push for a closed shop. 
C) found the Boston Bootmakers' Society guilty of unlawful conspiracy. 
D) established the 10-hour day as the legal maximum in manufacturing. 
E)  All of the above. 
A) established a legal minimum wage in manufacturing. 
B) ruled that union members have the right to strike and push for a closed shop. 
C) found the Boston Bootmakers' Society guilty of unlawful conspiracy. 
D) established the 10-hour day as the legal maximum in manufacturing. 
E)  All of the above.

Question 6

Which of the following statements presents inaccurate information about the early U.S.labor movement?

Accepted Answer

A) Courts in the early 19ᵗʰ century often found unions guilty of conspiracy. 
B) Unskilled factory workers were the primary beneficiaries of early labor gains. 
C) In the 1820s and 1830s,small craft societies began to coalesce to form larger unions. 
D) Early unions experimented with collective bargaining,strikes and closed shops. 
A) Courts in the early 19ᵗʰ century often found unions guilty of conspiracy. 
B) Unskilled factory workers were the primary beneficiaries of early labor gains. 
C) In the 1820s and 1830s,small craft societies began to coalesce to form larger unions. 
D) Early unions experimented with collective bargaining,strikes and closed shops.

Question 7

Improvements in transportation during the first half of the 19th century

Accepted Answer

A) enhanced labor mobility and made both product and labor markets more competitive. 
B) helped local political entities create monopolies,making both product and labor markets less competitive. 
C) were only profitably implemented in the Northern states,causing product shortages in the Southern states. 
D) None of the above are correct. 
A) enhanced labor mobility and made both product and labor markets more competitive. 
B) helped local political entities create monopolies,making both product and labor markets less competitive. 
C) were only profitably implemented in the Northern states,causing product shortages in the Southern states. 
D) None of the above are correct.

Question 8

As a result of the relatively low female-to-male wage ratio in early-1800s New England,

Accepted Answer

A) the supply of women willing to work in factories increased. 
B) the supply of women willing to work in farming declined. 
C) the wages of female farm labor rose. 
D) the North industrialized more quickly than the South. 
E)  All of the above. 
A) the supply of women willing to work in factories increased. 
B) the supply of women willing to work in farming declined. 
C) the wages of female farm labor rose. 
D) the North industrialized more quickly than the South. 
E)  All of the above.

Question 9

In the antebellum period,the largest source of employment was

Accepted Answer

A) the agricultural sector. 
B) the manufacturing sector. 
C) government (local,state and federal) 
D) the service industry. 
A) the agricultural sector. 
B) the manufacturing sector. 
C) government (local,state and federal) 
D) the service industry.

Question 10

Between 1810 and 1860 the number of workers in manufacturing

Accepted Answer

A) doubled. 
B) tripled. 
C) increased fivefold. 
D) increased tenfold. 
E) increased twentyfold. 
A) doubled. 
B) tripled. 
C) increased fivefold. 
D) increased tenfold. 
E) increased twentyfold.

Question 11

Before 1860,most of the U.S.population lived _____ and most workers _____ .

Accepted Answer

A) in small to medium cities;were members of trade guilds. 
B) in rural areas;self-employed 
C) in large cities;self-employed 
D) in large cities;were employed in mills and factories. 
A) in small to medium cities;were members of trade guilds. 
B) in rural areas;self-employed 
C) in large cities;self-employed 
D) in large cities;were employed in mills and factories.

Question 12

The high period of immigration in the first half of the 19th century was caused by

Accepted Answer

A) the Irish potato famine. 
B) political unrest in Europe. 
C) political unrest in China. 
D) Only a and b are correct. 
E) None of the above are correct. 
A) the Irish potato famine. 
B) political unrest in Europe. 
C) political unrest in China. 
D) Only a and b are correct. 
E) None of the above are correct.

Question 13

Which of the following statements best describes antebellum immigration to the U.S.?

Accepted Answer

A) Immigration peaked in the 1820s and slowly decreased through the Civil War. 
B) Immigration in the late 1840s and 1850s were primarily "pulled" to the US by the attractive opportunities available here. 
C) Immigration from England was relatively constant over time compared to the immigration rate from other nations. 
D) Large scale German immigration occurred primarily in the early part of this period. 
A) Immigration peaked in the 1820s and slowly decreased through the Civil War. 
B) Immigration in the late 1840s and 1850s were primarily "pulled" to the US by the attractive opportunities available here. 
C) Immigration from England was relatively constant over time compared to the immigration rate from other nations. 
D) Large scale German immigration occurred primarily in the early part of this period.

Question 14

Generally speaking,by 1860 which of the following groups could not vote in the U.S.?

Accepted Answer

A) white male citizens 
B) black males in New York and New England 
C) alien males in the agricultural Northwest 
D) white women in the North 
A) white male citizens 
B) black males in New York and New England 
C) alien males in the agricultural Northwest 
D) white women in the North

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the antebellum U.S.?

Accepted Answer

A) Immigration peaked in the 1820s and slowly decreased through the Civil War. 
B) Union membership grew consistently through the period and comprised a substantial portion of the working population by the Civil War. 
C) English wages grew relative to those of the U.S. 
D) The percentage of people living in urban areas in U.S.approximately tripled. 
E) The North had the most unequal income distribution because of its large increase in industry. 
A) Immigration peaked in the 1820s and slowly decreased through the Civil War. 
B) Union membership grew consistently through the period and comprised a substantial portion of the working population by the Civil War. 
C) English wages grew relative to those of the U.S. 
D) The percentage of people living in urban areas in U.S.approximately tripled. 
E) The North had the most unequal income distribution because of its large increase in industry.

Question 16

If the U.S.Gini coefficient increased from 0.4 in 1970 to 0.6 in 1990,what would be most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) Income inequality increased in the U.S. 
B) Per capita income increased in the U.S. 
C) Both income inequality and per capita income increased. 
D) Income inequality decreased. 
E) The growth rate of income increased. 
A) Income inequality increased in the U.S. 
B) Per capita income increased in the U.S. 
C) Both income inequality and per capita income increased. 
D) Income inequality decreased. 
E) The growth rate of income increased.

Question 17

The best explanation for the rapid rise in skilled wages relative to unskilled wages in antebellum U.S.is:

Accepted Answer

A) The demand for unskilled labor fell while the demand for skilled labor increased. 
B) The supply for unskilled labor increased and the supply for skilled labor remained the same. 
C) While both the supply and demand for skilled and unskilled labor grew during the period,the supply of unskilled labor grew relative to the supply of skilled labor. 
D) The supply and demand for skilled labor increased while both decreased for unskilled labor. 
A) The demand for unskilled labor fell while the demand for skilled labor increased. 
B) The supply for unskilled labor increased and the supply for skilled labor remained the same. 
C) While both the supply and demand for skilled and unskilled labor grew during the period,the supply of unskilled labor grew relative to the supply of skilled labor. 
D) The supply and demand for skilled labor increased while both decreased for unskilled labor.

Question 18

In the 1850s,the growth rate of real wages in U.S.manufacturing slowed to nearly zero because

Accepted Answer

A) the demand for manufacturing labor and the supply of manufacturing labor increased by approximately the same amount during this period. 
B) the demand for manufacturing labor and the supply of manufacturing labor decreased by approximately the same amount during this period. 
C) the demand for manufacturing labor increased more rapidly than the supply of manufacturing labor during this period. 
D) the demand for manufacturing labor increased while the supply of manufacturing labor decreased during this period. 
A) the demand for manufacturing labor and the supply of manufacturing labor increased by approximately the same amount during this period. 
B) the demand for manufacturing labor and the supply of manufacturing labor decreased by approximately the same amount during this period. 
C) the demand for manufacturing labor increased more rapidly than the supply of manufacturing labor during this period. 
D) the demand for manufacturing labor increased while the supply of manufacturing labor decreased during this period.

Question 19

If New England had a Gini coefficient of 0.32 and the Middle Colonies had a Gini coefficient of 0.65,which of the following would be most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) The Middle Colonies would have a higher per capita income. 
B) The Middle Colonies would have a lower per capita income. 
C) The Middle Colonies would have greater income inequality. 
D) The Middle Colonies' income was growing faster. 
A) The Middle Colonies would have a higher per capita income. 
B) The Middle Colonies would have a lower per capita income. 
C) The Middle Colonies would have greater income inequality. 
D) The Middle Colonies' income was growing faster.

Question 20

From which country came the fewest immigrants during the large wave of immigrants who arrived in the U.S.in the 1840s and 1850s?

Accepted Answer

A) England. 
B) Germany. 
C) Ireland. 
D) Spain. 
A) England. 
B) Germany. 
C) Ireland. 
D) Spain.

Exam 11: Labor During the Early Industrial Period

The Waltham System

The population of the United States grew _____ during the first half of the 19th century.

Which of the following statements presents accurate information about antebellum wages for males employed in manufacturing?

Which statement best describes the growth rate of adult male real wages between 1820-1860 in the U.S.?

In Commonwealth v.Hunt (1842)the Supreme Court of Massachusetts

Which of the following statements presents inaccurate information about the early U.S.labor movement?

Improvements in transportation during the first half of the 19th century

As a result of the relatively low female-to-male wage ratio in early-1800s New England,

In the antebellum period,the largest source of employment was

Between 1810 and 1860 the number of workers in manufacturing

Before 1860,most of the U.S.population lived _____ and most workers _____ .

The high period of immigration in the first half of the 19th century was caused by

Which of the following statements best describes antebellum immigration to the U.S.?

Generally speaking,by 1860 which of the following groups could not vote in the U.S.?

Which of the following best describes the antebellum U.S.?

If the U.S.Gini coefficient increased from 0.4 in 1970 to 0.6 in 1990,what would be most accurate?

The best explanation for the rapid rise in skilled wages relative to unskilled wages in antebellum U.S.is:

In the 1850s,the growth rate of real wages in U.S.manufacturing slowed to nearly zero because

If New England had a Gini coefficient of 0.32 and the Middle Colonies had a Gini coefficient of 0.65,which of the following would be most accurate?

From which country came the fewest immigrants during the large wave of immigrants who arrived in the U.S.in the 1840s and 1850s?

Economic History

Founding the Colonies

Colonial Economic Activities

The Economic Relations of the Colonies

Economic Progress and Wealth

Three Crises and Revolt

Hard Realities for a New Nation

Land and the Early Western Movements

Transportation and Market Growth

Market Expansion Industry in First Transition

Money and Banking in the Developing Economy

The Entrenchment of Slavery and Regional Conflict

War, Recovery and Regional Divergence

Agricultures Western Advance

Railroads and Economic Change

Industrial Expansion and Concentration

The Emergence of Americas Labor Consciousness

Money, Prices, and Finance in the Postbellum ERA

Commerce at Home and Abroad

Mobilizing for War

The Roaring Twenties

The Great Depression

The New Deal

World War II

The Changing Role of the Federal Government

Government the Business Cycle After World War II

Manufacturing, Productivity, and Labor

Achievements of the Past, Challenges for the Future

Filters

Before 1860,most of the U.S.population lived _ and most workers _ .