Question 1

Which of the following is an example of a trade-off imposed on an organism that results in a medical problem?

Accepted Answer

A) Patients who became infected by a novel flu strain had had no previous exposure to that particular strain. 
B) Sturdier bones would prevent fractures but would also slow down organisms mobility. 
C) The crossing of air and food pathways in humans increases the risk of choking. 
D) Recent changes in human diet contribute to metabolic diseases. 
A) Patients who became infected by a novel flu strain had had no previous exposure to that particular strain. 
B) Sturdier bones would prevent fractures but would also slow down organisms mobility. 
C) The crossing of air and food pathways in humans increases the risk of choking. 
D) Recent changes in human diet contribute to metabolic diseases.

Question 2

Plants do not have a germ line and gametes are derived from cell lines that are also responsible for the growth of the organism.Can the disposable soma hypothesis be applied to plants?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes, trade-offs between reproduction and repair are still possible. 
B) Yes, plants have a much higher physiological tolerance for the effects of mutations. 
C) No, the distinction between somatic cells and germ line is at the heart of the hypothesis. 
D) No, plants do not produce eggs or sperm but gametophytes that represent an additional generation. 
A) Yes, trade-offs between reproduction and repair are still possible. 
B) Yes, plants have a much higher physiological tolerance for the effects of mutations. 
C) No, the distinction between somatic cells and germ line is at the heart of the hypothesis. 
D) No, plants do not produce eggs or sperm but gametophytes that represent an additional generation.

Question 3

Explain how ectothermic animals can produce a fever response.Limit your answer to one sentence.

Accepted Answer

They adjust their behavioral r

Question 4

Sickle cell anemia (a serious heritable disease)appears to be maintained via balancing selection in some African populations because heterozygous carriers for the fully recessive disease allele are less affected by malaria parasites.Is this a case of antagonistic pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes, the same allele has positive effects on one trait and negative effects on another trait. 
B) Yes, wild-type and sickle cell alleles have antagonistic effects. 
C) No, there is no time lag between the two traits (i.e., as in early vs. late acting). 
D) No, it involves a dominance interaction between the wild-type and the sickle cell allele. 
A) Yes, the same allele has positive effects on one trait and negative effects on another trait. 
B) Yes, wild-type and sickle cell alleles have antagonistic effects. 
C) No, there is no time lag between the two traits (i.e., as in early vs. late acting). 
D) No, it involves a dominance interaction between the wild-type and the sickle cell allele.

Question 5

Which of the following is a telltale sign that a cell is infected by RNA viruses?

Accepted Answer

A) It is dividing slower than uninfected cells. 
B) It contains long segments of double-stranded RNA. 
C) Its apoptosis pathway is up-regulated. 
D) It has a lower rate of protein synthesis. 
A) It is dividing slower than uninfected cells. 
B) It contains long segments of double-stranded RNA. 
C) Its apoptosis pathway is up-regulated. 
D) It has a lower rate of protein synthesis.

Question 6

What combination of the characteristics of Huntington's disease puzzled J.B.S.Haldane?

Accepted Answer

Huntington's disease

Question 7

Define pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs),and explain why they are crucial to our body's immune response against pathogens.Limit your answer to two sentences.

Accepted Answer

PAMPs are conserved features o

Which of the following is an example of a trade-off imposed on an organism that results in a medical problem?

Plants do not have a germ line and gametes are derived from cell lines that are also responsible for the growth of the organism.Can the disposable soma hypothesis be applied to plants?

Explain how ectothermic animals can produce a fever response.Limit your answer to one sentence.

Sickle cell anemia (a serious heritable disease)appears to be maintained via balancing selection in some African populations because heterozygous carriers for the fully recessive disease allele are less affected by malaria parasites.Is this a case of antagonistic pleiotropy?

Which of the following is a telltale sign that a cell is infected by RNA viruses?

What combination of the characteristics of Huntington's disease puzzled J.B.S.Haldane?

Define pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs),and explain why they are crucial to our body's immune response against pathogens.Limit your answer to two sentences.

An Overview of Evolutionary Biology

Early Evolutionary Ideas and Darwins Insight

Natural Selection

Phylogeny and Evolutionary History

Inferring Phylogeny

Transmission Genetics and the Sources of Genetic Variation

The Genetics of Populations

Evolution in Finite Populations

Evolution at Multiple Loci

Genome Evolution

The Origin and Evolution of Early Life

Major Transitions

Evolution and Development

Species and Speciation

Extinction and Evolutionary Trends

The Evolution of Sex

Sexual Selection

The Evolution of Sociality

Coevolution

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Exam 20: Evolution and Medicine

Which of the following is an example of a trade-off imposed on an organism that results in a medical problem?

Plants do not have a germ line and gametes are derived from cell lines that are also responsible for the growth of the organism.Can the disposable soma hypothesis be applied to plants?

Explain how ectothermic animals can produce a fever response.Limit your answer to one sentence.

Sickle cell anemia (a serious heritable disease)appears to be maintained via balancing selection in some African populations because heterozygous carriers for the fully recessive disease allele are less affected by malaria parasites.Is this a case of antagonistic pleiotropy?

Which of the following is a telltale sign that a cell is infected by RNA viruses?

What combination of the characteristics of Huntington's disease puzzled J.B.S.Haldane?

Define pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs),and explain why they are crucial to our body's immune response against pathogens.Limit your answer to two sentences.

An Overview of Evolutionary Biology

Early Evolutionary Ideas and Darwins Insight

Natural Selection

Phylogeny and Evolutionary History

Inferring Phylogeny

Transmission Genetics and the Sources of Genetic Variation

The Genetics of Populations

Evolution in Finite Populations

Evolution at Multiple Loci

Genome Evolution

The Origin and Evolution of Early Life

Major Transitions

Evolution and Development

Species and Speciation

Extinction and Evolutionary Trends

The Evolution of Sex

Sexual Selection

The Evolution of Sociality

Coevolution

Filters