Question 1

What is a paralog?

Accepted Answer

A) A homeobox gene 
B) A homologous gene 
C) An enhancer gene 
D) A duplicate of an existing gene 
A) A homeobox gene 
B) A homologous gene 
C) An enhancer gene 
D) A duplicate of an existing gene

Question 2

Gene duplication can occur for both protein coding and regulatory regions of genes.In the figure below,imagine that the yellow gene and both enhancer regions in B are duplicated.Propose a mechanism for how subfunctionalization might occur.

Accepted Answer

If the wing enhancer's binding sites wer

Question 3

Hagfish,lampreys,gnathostomes,mammals,birds,fish,reptiles,and amphibians are all vertebrates and are sometimes referred to as the subphylum Craniata: animals with a cranium.Amphioxus and ascidians are not in Craniata.How does mapping characters associated with the neural crest assist us in understanding the evolution of complex traits?

Accepted Answer

The neural crest is directly associated

Question 4

If paedomorphosis via neoteny involves the retention of juvenile traits in adults,what is responsible for paedomorphosis via progenesis?

Accepted Answer

Progenesis refers to the accel

Question 5

Hox genes encode

Accepted Answer

A) proteins involved in RNA translocation. 
B) ribosomal RNAs. 
C) Drosophila genes. 
D) transcription factors. 
A) proteins involved in RNA translocation. 
B) ribosomal RNAs. 
C) Drosophila genes. 
D) transcription factors.

Question 6

What evidence suggests that MADS-box genes are older than flowers?

Accepted Answer

MADS-box genes occur in nonflo

Question 7

Von Baer proposed that the most conserved stages of development among vertebrates are the

Accepted Answer

A) earliest stages. 
B) latest stages. 
C) earliest and latest stages. 
D) middle stages. 
A) earliest stages. 
B) latest stages. 
C) earliest and latest stages. 
D) middle stages.

Question 8

How can natural selection lead to the loss of a gene duplication?

Accepted Answer

If the duplicate gene imposes

Question 9

A pseudogene is a

Accepted Answer

A) nonfunctional copy of another gene. 
B) MADS-box gene. 
C) homeobox gene. 
D) subfunctional paralog. 
A) nonfunctional copy of another gene. 
B) MADS-box gene. 
C) homeobox gene. 
D) subfunctional paralog.

Question 10

Regulatory enhancers can be

Accepted Answer

A) added through evolution. 
B) lost through evolution. 
C) associated with specific body parts. 
D) All of the above 
A) added through evolution. 
B) lost through evolution. 
C) associated with specific body parts. 
D) All of the above

Question 11

MADS-box genes affect

Accepted Answer

A) only flowers. 
B) segmentation in animals. 
C) leaves, roots, and flowers. 
D) early development. 
A) only flowers. 
B) segmentation in animals. 
C) leaves, roots, and flowers. 
D) early development.

Question 12

Explain how gains and losses of binding sites change morphology in the system illustrated below.In the case of gains,assume that the transcription factors associated with the binding site are expressed in the appropriate tissue.

Accepted Answer

There are two enhancer regions upstream

Question 13

What is meant by the colinearity of Hox genes?

Accepted Answer

Colinearity means the order of

Question 14

The process in D in the figure above is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) recapitulation via hypermorphosis. 
B) recapitulation via acceleration. 
C) paedomorphosis via progenesis. 
D) paedomorphosis via neoteny. 
A) recapitulation via hypermorphosis. 
B) recapitulation via acceleration. 
C) paedomorphosis via progenesis. 
D) paedomorphosis via neoteny.

Question 15

Crabs have claws on their front legs and many sets of walking legs (which lack claws)on segments posterior to the claws.Crabs can regenerate legs if they are lost.A walking leg was removed and tissue from the claw was transplanted onto the stump.If homeobox genes are responsible for the differentiation of leg types,what would you predict would happen to the stump? What might be an analogous experiment from the chapter?

Accepted Answer

The walking leg would regrow into a claw

Question 16

The characteristics identified in the figure above are examples of

Accepted Answer

A) homeobox genes. 
B) ontogeny. 
C) evo-devo. 
D) homeotic transformations. 
A) homeobox genes. 
B) ontogeny. 
C) evo-devo. 
D) homeotic transformations.

Question 17

When a gene is duplicated,it may

Accepted Answer

A) be lost through mutation. 
B) become nonfunctional through mutation. 
C) gain a new activity. 
D) All of the above 
E) None of the above 
A) be lost through mutation. 
B) become nonfunctional through mutation. 
C) gain a new activity. 
D) All of the above 
E) None of the above

Question 18

Paralogs may

Accepted Answer

A) have additive effects, increasing the amount of gene expression. 
B) have new effects. 
C) divide a function with the parental gene. 
D) All of the above 
E) None of the above 
A) have additive effects, increasing the amount of gene expression. 
B) have new effects. 
C) divide a function with the parental gene. 
D) All of the above 
E) None of the above

Question 19

The idea that life evolves from simple to complex began with

Accepted Answer

A) Darwin. 
B) William Bateson. 
C) the ancient Greeks. 
D) J. F. Meckel. 
E) Etienne Serres. 
A) Darwin. 
B) William Bateson. 
C) the ancient Greeks. 
D) J. F. Meckel. 
E) Etienne Serres.

What is a paralog?

Gene duplication can occur for both protein coding and regulatory regions of genes.In the figure below,imagine that the yellow gene and both enhancer regions in B are duplicated.Propose a mechanism for how subfunctionalization might occur.

If paedomorphosis via neoteny involves the retention of juvenile traits in adults,what is responsible for paedomorphosis via progenesis?

Hox genes encode

What evidence suggests that MADS-box genes are older than flowers?

Von Baer proposed that the most conserved stages of development among vertebrates are the

How can natural selection lead to the loss of a gene duplication?

A pseudogene is a

Regulatory enhancers can be

MADS-box genes affect

Explain how gains and losses of binding sites change morphology in the system illustrated below.In the case of gains,assume that the transcription factors associated with the binding site are expressed in the appropriate tissue.

What is meant by the colinearity of Hox genes?

The process in D in the figure above is an example of

The characteristics identified in the figure above are examples of

When a gene is duplicated,it may

Paralogs may

The idea that life evolves from simple to complex began with

An Overview of Evolutionary Biology

Early Evolutionary Ideas and Darwins Insight

Natural Selection

Phylogeny and Evolutionary History

Inferring Phylogeny

Transmission Genetics and the Sources of Genetic Variation

The Genetics of Populations

Evolution in Finite Populations

Evolution at Multiple Loci

Genome Evolution

The Origin and Evolution of Early Life

Major Transitions

Species and Speciation

Extinction and Evolutionary Trends

The Evolution of Sex

Sexual Selection

The Evolution of Sociality

Coevolution

Evolution and Medicine

Filters

Exam 13: Evolution and Development

What is a paralog?

Gene duplication can occur for both protein coding and regulatory regions of genes.In the figure below,imagine that the yellow gene and both enhancer regions in B are duplicated.Propose a mechanism for how subfunctionalization might occur.

If paedomorphosis via neoteny involves the retention of juvenile traits in adults,what is responsible for paedomorphosis via progenesis?

Hox genes encode

What evidence suggests that MADS-box genes are older than flowers?

Von Baer proposed that the most conserved stages of development among vertebrates are the

How can natural selection lead to the loss of a gene duplication?

A pseudogene is a

Regulatory enhancers can be

MADS-box genes affect

Explain how gains and losses of binding sites change morphology in the system illustrated below.In the case of gains,assume that the transcription factors associated with the binding site are expressed in the appropriate tissue.

What is meant by the colinearity of Hox genes?

The process in D in the figure above is an example of

The characteristics identified in the figure above are examples of

When a gene is duplicated,it may

Paralogs may

The idea that life evolves from simple to complex began with

An Overview of Evolutionary Biology

Early Evolutionary Ideas and Darwins Insight

Natural Selection

Phylogeny and Evolutionary History

Inferring Phylogeny

Transmission Genetics and the Sources of Genetic Variation

The Genetics of Populations

Evolution in Finite Populations

Evolution at Multiple Loci

Genome Evolution

The Origin and Evolution of Early Life

Major Transitions

Species and Speciation

Extinction and Evolutionary Trends

The Evolution of Sex

Sexual Selection

The Evolution of Sociality

Coevolution

Evolution and Medicine

Filters