Question 1

In studying transitions,why is it necessary to focus on the advantages to individuals before the transitions and not the group advantage?

Accepted Answer

Natural selection operates on

Question 2

Consider a slime mold slug and a colony of Volvox carteri,both of which contain both soma and germ cells.Is a slug or a volvox colony an individual? Explain.

Accepted Answer

An individual is an integrated and indiv

Question 3

Which of the following statements about multicellularity is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Major eukaryotic groups either contain only multicellular or only unicellular species. 
B) Eukaryotes became multicellular upon endosymbiosis with bacteria. 
C) Multicellularity has evolved many times in eukaryotes. 
D) Multicellularity is always advantageous for the individual. 
A) Major eukaryotic groups either contain only multicellular or only unicellular species. 
B) Eukaryotes became multicellular upon endosymbiosis with bacteria. 
C) Multicellularity has evolved many times in eukaryotes. 
D) Multicellularity is always advantageous for the individual.

Question 4

The cell nucleus likely originated from a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) mitochondrion. 
B) archaeal cell. 
C) bacterium. 
D) eukaryote. 
A) mitochondrion. 
B) archaeal cell. 
C) bacterium. 
D) eukaryote.

Question 5

Which of the following is a benefit of multicellularity for slime mold amoebas?

Accepted Answer

A) Self-sacrifice for other amoebas 
B) Ability to move quickly 
C) Sexual reproduction 
D) Ability to feed on bacteria 
A) Self-sacrifice for other amoebas 
B) Ability to move quickly 
C) Sexual reproduction 
D) Ability to feed on bacteria

Question 6

Which of the following is an advantage of the economy of scale?

Accepted Answer

A) Division of labor 
B) Sexual reproduction 
C) More individuals per group 
D) Multicellularity 
A) Division of labor 
B) Sexual reproduction 
C) More individuals per group 
D) Multicellularity

Question 7

Charles and Mary Brown have demonstrated that as cliff swallow colony size increases,the number of nests with one or more unhatched eggs decreases.They have also demonstrated that as the size of colony increases,the number of parasites increases,and these parasites cause nest failures and juvenile mortality.These two observations indicate that there are trade-offs in group living.What would be a better measure than unhatched eggs to understand the benefits of group living in cliff swallows?

Accepted Answer

Measuring overall nest success in relati

Question 8

The product of the regA gene in Volvox carteri suppresses the production of chloroplast proteins.The production of these chloroplast proteins causes cells to grow.When the regA gene is expressed

Accepted Answer

A) cells grow large and become germ cells. 
B) cells stay small and become somatic cells. 
C) cells grow flagella and become germ cells. 
D) flagella growth is suppressed and cells become soma. 
A) cells grow large and become germ cells. 
B) cells stay small and become somatic cells. 
C) cells grow flagella and become germ cells. 
D) flagella growth is suppressed and cells become soma.

Question 9

The benefits of colony living in cliff swallows are

Accepted Answer

A) increased adult survival and decrease in the number of hatched eggs. 
B) increased adult survival and decrease in the number of unhatched eggs. 
C) decreased adult survival and decrease in the number of hatched eggs. 
D) decreased adult survival and decrease in the number of unhatched eggs. 
A) increased adult survival and decrease in the number of hatched eggs. 
B) increased adult survival and decrease in the number of unhatched eggs. 
C) decreased adult survival and decrease in the number of hatched eggs. 
D) decreased adult survival and decrease in the number of unhatched eggs.

Question 10

A somatic cell is

Accepted Answer

A) a body cell that is responsible for growth and maintenance. 
B) a cell specialized for reproduction. 
C) one of the cells that produces spores in slime mold fruiting bodies. 
D) a cell that has four membranes around it. 
A) a body cell that is responsible for growth and maintenance. 
B) a cell specialized for reproduction. 
C) one of the cells that produces spores in slime mold fruiting bodies. 
D) a cell that has four membranes around it.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a reason that volvocine algae are ideal for studying the evolution of individuality?

Accepted Answer

A) They transitioned to multicellularity relatively recently. 
B) Within the group, there are multiple, separate transitions to germ and soma lines. 
C) The group exhibits extensive variation in their degree of multicellularity. 
D) They readily form aggregate slugs. 
A) They transitioned to multicellularity relatively recently. 
B) Within the group, there are multiple, separate transitions to germ and soma lines. 
C) The group exhibits extensive variation in their degree of multicellularity. 
D) They readily form aggregate slugs.

Question 12

Why must cheaters be identifiable in group living at any level (e.g.,multicellularity or social groups)?

Accepted Answer

If cheaters cannot be identified,then th

Question 13

Why do the benefits of group living focus on foraging and predation?

Accepted Answer

A) Reproduction is irrelevant for the fitness of individuals in a group. 
B) Individuals in groups always forage and are vigilant together. 
C) Groups only exist for foraging and anti-predator behavior. 
D) Much of an organism's time is spent foraging and avoiding predators. 
A) Reproduction is irrelevant for the fitness of individuals in a group. 
B) Individuals in groups always forage and are vigilant together. 
C) Groups only exist for foraging and anti-predator behavior. 
D) Much of an organism's time is spent foraging and avoiding predators.

Question 14

Which of the following is not an organelle that is the result of endosymbiosis?

Accepted Answer

A) Mitochondrion 
B) Apicoplast 
C) Chloroplast 
D) Endoplasmic reticulum 
A) Mitochondrion 
B) Apicoplast 
C) Chloroplast 
D) Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

Eukaryotes share

Accepted Answer

A) all of their genes with archaea. 
B) all of their genes with bacteria. 
C) more transcription- and translation-associated genes with archaea and more metabolic genes with bacteria. 
D) more transcription- and translation-associated genes with bacteria and more metabolic genes with archaea. 
A) all of their genes with archaea. 
B) all of their genes with bacteria. 
C) more transcription- and translation-associated genes with archaea and more metabolic genes with bacteria. 
D) more transcription- and translation-associated genes with bacteria and more metabolic genes with archaea.

Question 16

Which of the following statements regarding complexity is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Evolution always progresses toward complexity. 
B) Complexity, once gained, cannot be lost. 
C) Modern bacteria and archaea are more complex than ancestral forms. 
D) Complexity can be lost. 
A) Evolution always progresses toward complexity. 
B) Complexity, once gained, cannot be lost. 
C) Modern bacteria and archaea are more complex than ancestral forms. 
D) Complexity can be lost.

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of an individual?

Accepted Answer

A) It is multicellular. 
B) It forms a group. 
C) It is an integrated and indivisible whole. 
D) It is a eukaryote. 
A) It is multicellular. 
B) It forms a group. 
C) It is an integrated and indivisible whole. 
D) It is a eukaryote.

Question 18

Economies of scale occur in major transitions when

Accepted Answer

A) individuals aggregate. 
B) groups can perform tasks more efficiently than individuals. 
C) cell-type number increases. 
D) genes become genetically imprinted. 
A) individuals aggregate. 
B) groups can perform tasks more efficiently than individuals. 
C) cell-type number increases. 
D) genes become genetically imprinted.

Question 19

According to the endosymbiotic theory,early eukaryotes acquired the mitochondrion from a symbiotic bacterium.What happened to the bacterial genes?

Accepted Answer

A) All of the bacterial genes were lost. 
B) All of the bacterial genes were transferred to the nuclear genome. 
C) All of the bacterial genes still exist and comprise the mitochondrial genome. 
D) All of the bacterial genes still exist and comprise the chloroplast genome. 
E) Some bacterial genes were transferred to the nucleus, some were lost, and some comprise the mitochondrial genome. 
A) All of the bacterial genes were lost. 
B) All of the bacterial genes were transferred to the nuclear genome. 
C) All of the bacterial genes still exist and comprise the mitochondrial genome. 
D) All of the bacterial genes still exist and comprise the chloroplast genome. 
E) Some bacterial genes were transferred to the nucleus, some were lost, and some comprise the mitochondrial genome.

Question 20

Explain how the transition to eukaryotic cells,through endosymbiosis,resulted in the loss of an individual's ability to reproduce independently.

Accepted Answer

Prior to endosymbiosis,the two cells wou

In studying transitions,why is it necessary to focus on the advantages to individuals before the transitions and not the group advantage?

Consider a slime mold slug and a colony of Volvox carteri,both of which contain both soma and germ cells.Is a slug or a volvox colony an individual? Explain.

Which of the following statements about multicellularity is true?

The cell nucleus likely originated from a(n)

Which of the following is a benefit of multicellularity for slime mold amoebas?

Which of the following is an advantage of the economy of scale?

The product of the regA gene in Volvox carteri suppresses the production of chloroplast proteins.The production of these chloroplast proteins causes cells to grow.When the regA gene is expressed

The benefits of colony living in cliff swallows are

A somatic cell is

Which of the following is not a reason that volvocine algae are ideal for studying the evolution of individuality?

Why must cheaters be identifiable in group living at any level (e.g.,multicellularity or social groups)?

Why do the benefits of group living focus on foraging and predation?

Which of the following is not an organelle that is the result of endosymbiosis?

Eukaryotes share

Which of the following statements regarding complexity is true?

Which of the following is a characteristic of an individual?

Economies of scale occur in major transitions when

According to the endosymbiotic theory,early eukaryotes acquired the mitochondrion from a symbiotic bacterium.What happened to the bacterial genes?

Explain how the transition to eukaryotic cells,through endosymbiosis,resulted in the loss of an individual's ability to reproduce independently.

An Overview of Evolutionary Biology

Early Evolutionary Ideas and Darwins Insight

Natural Selection

Phylogeny and Evolutionary History

Inferring Phylogeny

Transmission Genetics and the Sources of Genetic Variation

The Genetics of Populations

Evolution in Finite Populations

Evolution at Multiple Loci

Genome Evolution

The Origin and Evolution of Early Life

Evolution and Development

Species and Speciation

Extinction and Evolutionary Trends

The Evolution of Sex

Sexual Selection

The Evolution of Sociality

Coevolution

Evolution and Medicine

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Exam 12: Major Transitions

In studying transitions,why is it necessary to focus on the advantages to individuals before the transitions and not the group advantage?

Consider a slime mold slug and a colony of Volvox carteri,both of which contain both soma and germ cells.Is a slug or a volvox colony an individual? Explain.

Which of the following statements about multicellularity is true?

The cell nucleus likely originated from a(n)

Which of the following is a benefit of multicellularity for slime mold amoebas?

Which of the following is an advantage of the economy of scale?

The product of the regA gene in Volvox carteri suppresses the production of chloroplast proteins.The production of these chloroplast proteins causes cells to grow.When the regA gene is expressed

The benefits of colony living in cliff swallows are

A somatic cell is

Which of the following is not a reason that volvocine algae are ideal for studying the evolution of individuality?

Why must cheaters be identifiable in group living at any level (e.g.,multicellularity or social groups)?

Why do the benefits of group living focus on foraging and predation?

Which of the following is not an organelle that is the result of endosymbiosis?

Eukaryotes share

Which of the following statements regarding complexity is true?

Which of the following is a characteristic of an individual?

Economies of scale occur in major transitions when

According to the endosymbiotic theory,early eukaryotes acquired the mitochondrion from a symbiotic bacterium.What happened to the bacterial genes?

Explain how the transition to eukaryotic cells,through endosymbiosis,resulted in the loss of an individual's ability to reproduce independently.

An Overview of Evolutionary Biology

Early Evolutionary Ideas and Darwins Insight

Natural Selection

Phylogeny and Evolutionary History

Inferring Phylogeny

Transmission Genetics and the Sources of Genetic Variation

The Genetics of Populations

Evolution in Finite Populations

Evolution at Multiple Loci

Genome Evolution

The Origin and Evolution of Early Life

Evolution and Development

Species and Speciation

Extinction and Evolutionary Trends

The Evolution of Sex

Sexual Selection

The Evolution of Sociality

Coevolution

Evolution and Medicine

Filters