Question 1

Kant believes that every action implies:

Accepted Answer

A) a hypothetical moral agent. 
B) an imperfect duty. 
C) a general rule,or maxim. 
D) a conditional law. 
A) a hypothetical moral agent. 
B) an imperfect duty. 
C) a general rule,or maxim. 
D) a conditional law. C

Question 2

Suppose a 90-year-old man is dying of cancer and is in excruciating pain that no medicine can relieve.He asks to be given a lethal injection.According to the doctrine of double effect,is giving the injection morally permissible?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes. 
B) No,unless his family consents. 
C) Yes,as long as the hospital allows it. 
D) No. 
A) Yes. 
B) No,unless his family consents. 
C) Yes,as long as the hospital allows it. 
D) No. D

Question 3

According to natural law theory,would it be morally permissible to abort a woman's fetus to save her life?

Accepted Answer

A) No,unless the woman's life is deemed more important than that of the fetus. 
B) Yes,as long as the woman is in the first trimester of pregnancy. 
C) No. 
D) Yes. 
A) No,unless the woman's life is deemed more important than that of the fetus. 
B) Yes,as long as the woman is in the first trimester of pregnancy. 
C) No. 
D) Yes. C

Question 4

According to Kant,if we treat a cashier as a means to the end of buying food,we perform an action that is:

Accepted Answer

A) impermissible. 
B) hypothetical. 
C) permissible. 
D) indeterminate. 
A) impermissible. 
B) hypothetical. 
C) permissible. 
D) indeterminate.

Question 5

Consider this comment from the philosopher C.D.Broad regarding Kant's means-end principle: "If we isolate a man who is a carrier of typhoid,we are treating him merely as a cause of infection to others.But,if we refuse to isolate him,we are treating other people merely as means to his comfort and culture." This example suggests that:

Accepted Answer

A) our duties not to use people merely as a means can conflict,and Kant provides no counsel on how to resolve such dilemmas. 
B) our duties not to use people merely as a means can sometimes be difficult to discern,but they never actually conflict. 
C) our duties not to use people merely as a means are imperfect duties. 
D) our duties are always clear upon further reflection. 
A) our duties not to use people merely as a means can conflict,and Kant provides no counsel on how to resolve such dilemmas. 
B) our duties not to use people merely as a means can sometimes be difficult to discern,but they never actually conflict. 
C) our duties not to use people merely as a means are imperfect duties. 
D) our duties are always clear upon further reflection.

Question 6

Categorical imperatives are:

Accepted Answer

A) universal and emotive. 
B) rational and conditional. 
C) hypothetical and absolutist. 
D) universal and unconditional. 
A) universal and emotive. 
B) rational and conditional. 
C) hypothetical and absolutist. 
D) universal and unconditional.

Question 7

A categorical imperative tells us:

Accepted Answer

A) what to do if we have certain desires. 
B) that we should always perform our imperfect duties. 
C) that we should do something in all situations regardless of our wants and needs. 
D) what our hypothetical duties are. 
A) what to do if we have certain desires. 
B) that we should always perform our imperfect duties. 
C) that we should do something in all situations regardless of our wants and needs. 
D) what our hypothetical duties are.

Question 8

Like many moral theories,Kant's system fails to:

Accepted Answer

A) articulate its main features. 
B) provide principles for action. 
C) provide an effective means for resolving major conflicts of duties. 
D) take personal autonomy into account. 
A) articulate its main features. 
B) provide principles for action. 
C) provide an effective means for resolving major conflicts of duties. 
D) take personal autonomy into account.

Question 9

According to Aquinas,the first precept of natural law theory is:

Accepted Answer

A) do what is natural for humans and animals to do. 
B) good is to be done and promoted,and evil is to be avoided. 
C) avoid harm to others and yourself. 
D) good and evil are to be defined by religion. 
A) do what is natural for humans and animals to do. 
B) good is to be done and promoted,and evil is to be avoided. 
C) avoid harm to others and yourself. 
D) good and evil are to be defined by religion.

Question 10

Aquinas says that judging the rightness of actions is a matter of:

Accepted Answer

A) determining what consequences result from actions. 
B) consulting our feelings,of seeing which way our emotive consciousness points. 
C) consulting church authorities. 
D) consulting reason,of considering rational grounds for moral beliefs. 
A) determining what consequences result from actions. 
B) consulting our feelings,of seeing which way our emotive consciousness points. 
C) consulting church authorities. 
D) consulting reason,of considering rational grounds for moral beliefs.

Question 11

The idea that we must always treat people (including ourselves)as ends in themselves,never merely as things of instrumental value,is known as the:

Accepted Answer

A) categorical choice. 
B) duty of rational choice. 
C) means-end principle. 
D) perfection principle. 
A) categorical choice. 
B) duty of rational choice. 
C) means-end principle. 
D) perfection principle.

Question 12

The moral theory that says the morally right action is the one that follows the dictates of nature is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) rule-utilitarianism. 
B) Kantian ethics. 
C) natural law theory. 
D) psychological egoism. 
A) rule-utilitarianism. 
B) Kantian ethics. 
C) natural law theory. 
D) psychological egoism.

Question 13

The traditional natural law theorist maintains that:

Accepted Answer

A) nature implies nothing about morality. 
B) nature is teleological but irrational. 
C) the dog-eat-dog world of nature implies ethical egoism. 
D) how nature is reveals how it should be. 
A) nature implies nothing about morality. 
B) nature is teleological but irrational. 
C) the dog-eat-dog world of nature implies ethical egoism. 
D) how nature is reveals how it should be.

Question 14

The doctrine of ________ is the principle that performing a good action may be permissible even if it has bad effects,but performing a bad action for the purpose of achieving good effects is never permissible.

Accepted Answer

A) double effect 
B) double imperative 
C) natural law 
D) natural results 
A) double effect 
B) double imperative 
C) natural law 
D) natural results

Question 15

A serious criticism of Kant's theory is that:

Accepted Answer

A) his theory is not subjective enough. 
B) his theory allows too much subjectivity in moral decision making. 
C) his theory relies too much on utilitarianism. 
D) his theory is too specific about how to state a rule describing an action. 
A) his theory is not subjective enough. 
B) his theory allows too much subjectivity in moral decision making. 
C) his theory relies too much on utilitarianism. 
D) his theory is too specific about how to state a rule describing an action.

Question 16

Kant's theory emphasizes three of morality's most important features;the three are:

Accepted Answer

A) universality,impartiality,and the consequences of actions. 
B) respect for persons,absolutism,and incoherence. 
C) self-interest,moral consensus,and moral authority. 
D) universality,impartiality,and respect for persons. 
A) universality,impartiality,and the consequences of actions. 
B) respect for persons,absolutism,and incoherence. 
C) self-interest,moral consensus,and moral authority. 
D) universality,impartiality,and respect for persons.

Question 17

In natural law theory,the emphasis on reason makes morality independent of:

Accepted Answer

A) logic. 
B) psychology. 
C) history and common practice. 
D) religion and belief in God. 
A) logic. 
B) psychology. 
C) history and common practice. 
D) religion and belief in God.

Question 18

Duties that absolutely must be followed without fail are known as:

Accepted Answer

A) imperfect duties. 
B) end-means duties. 
C) perfect duties. 
D) hypothetical duties. 
A) imperfect duties. 
B) end-means duties. 
C) perfect duties. 
D) hypothetical duties.

Question 19

Applying the first formulation of the categorical imperative to the act of lying to a friend would show that the action is impermissible because:

Accepted Answer

A) the action's maxim cannot be universalized. 
B) performing the action would treat the friend as an end,not as a means. 
C) performing the action would treat the friend as a means to an end. 
D) the action's maxim can be universalized. 
A) the action's maxim cannot be universalized. 
B) performing the action would treat the friend as an end,not as a means. 
C) performing the action would treat the friend as a means to an end. 
D) the action's maxim can be universalized.

Question 20

Kant says that some duties generated by the categorical imperative are absolute-they are perfect duties.So regarding the perfect duty not to lie,Kant would insist that lying is:

Accepted Answer

A) permitted if the duty not to lie conflicts with other duties. 
B) not permitted under any circumstances. 
C) permitted if the only way to prevent the deaths of several innocent people is to lie. 
D) not permitted under some unspecified circumstances. 
A) permitted if the duty not to lie conflicts with other duties. 
B) not permitted under any circumstances. 
C) permitted if the only way to prevent the deaths of several innocent people is to lie. 
D) not permitted under some unspecified circumstances.

Kant believes that every action implies:

Suppose a 90-year-old man is dying of cancer and is in excruciating pain that no medicine can relieve.He asks to be given a lethal injection.According to the doctrine of double effect,is giving the injection morally permissible?

According to natural law theory,would it be morally permissible to abort a woman's fetus to save her life?

According to Kant,if we treat a cashier as a means to the end of buying food,we perform an action that is:

Categorical imperatives are:

A categorical imperative tells us:

Like many moral theories,Kant's system fails to:

According to Aquinas,the first precept of natural law theory is:

Aquinas says that judging the rightness of actions is a matter of:

The idea that we must always treat people (including ourselves)as ends in themselves,never merely as things of instrumental value,is known as the:

The moral theory that says the morally right action is the one that follows the dictates of nature is known as:

The traditional natural law theorist maintains that:

The doctrine of ________ is the principle that performing a good action may be permissible even if it has bad effects,but performing a bad action for the purpose of achieving good effects is never permissible.

A serious criticism of Kant's theory is that:

Kant's theory emphasizes three of morality's most important features;the three are:

In natural law theory,the emphasis on reason makes morality independent of:

Duties that absolutely must be followed without fail are known as:

Applying the first formulation of the categorical imperative to the act of lying to a friend would show that the action is impermissible because:

Kant says that some duties generated by the categorical imperative are absolute-they are perfect duties.So regarding the perfect duty not to lie,Kant would insist that lying is:

Ethics and the Examined Life

Subjectivism, Relativism, and Emotivism

Evaluating Moral Arguments

The Power of Moral Theories

Consequentialist Theories: Maximize the Good

Virtue Ethics: Be A Good Person

Abortion

Altering Genes and Cloning Humans

Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide

Capital Punishment

Drug Use, Harm, and Personal Liberty

Sexual Morality

Same-Sex Marriage

Environmental Ethics

Animal Rights

Political Violence: War, Terrorism, and Torture

Equality and Affirmative Action

Global Economic Justice

Filters

Exam 6: Nonconsequentialist Theories: Do Your Duty

Kant believes that every action implies:

Suppose a 90-year-old man is dying of cancer and is in excruciating pain that no medicine can relieve.He asks to be given a lethal injection.According to the doctrine of double effect,is giving the injection morally permissible?

According to natural law theory,would it be morally permissible to abort a woman's fetus to save her life?

According to Kant,if we treat a cashier as a means to the end of buying food,we perform an action that is:

Categorical imperatives are:

A categorical imperative tells us:

Like many moral theories,Kant's system fails to:

According to Aquinas,the first precept of natural law theory is:

Aquinas says that judging the rightness of actions is a matter of:

The idea that we must always treat people (including ourselves)as ends in themselves,never merely as things of instrumental value,is known as the:

The moral theory that says the morally right action is the one that follows the dictates of nature is known as:

The traditional natural law theorist maintains that:

The doctrine of ________ is the principle that performing a good action may be permissible even if it has bad effects,but performing a bad action for the purpose of achieving good effects is never permissible.

A serious criticism of Kant's theory is that:

Kant's theory emphasizes three of morality's most important features;the three are:

In natural law theory,the emphasis on reason makes morality independent of:

Duties that absolutely must be followed without fail are known as:

Applying the first formulation of the categorical imperative to the act of lying to a friend would show that the action is impermissible because:

Kant says that some duties generated by the categorical imperative are absolute-they are perfect duties.So regarding the perfect duty not to lie,Kant would insist that lying is:

Ethics and the Examined Life

Subjectivism, Relativism, and Emotivism

Evaluating Moral Arguments

The Power of Moral Theories

Consequentialist Theories: Maximize the Good

Virtue Ethics: Be A Good Person

Abortion

Altering Genes and Cloning Humans

Euthanasia and Physician-Assisted Suicide

Capital Punishment

Drug Use, Harm, and Personal Liberty

Sexual Morality

Same-Sex Marriage

Environmental Ethics

Animal Rights

Political Violence: War, Terrorism, and Torture

Equality and Affirmative Action

Global Economic Justice

Filters