Exam 2: Ethics Foundations of Ethics in Research

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After the Thalidomide tragedy,the ____ Amendments were passed,which requires drug manufacturers to prove the safety of their drugs before marketing them.

(Multiple Choice)
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​Narrative 2-2 Brain Imaging Katherine is a researcher studying the neurophysiology of schizophrenia.In order to do so,she compares fMRI imaging when individuals are on effective medication and when they have been off their medication long enough that it is no longer detectible in their blood. -Katherine recognizes that this may create more than minimal risk.In terms of the principles in the Belmont Report,she is concerned about ____.

(Multiple Choice)
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Discuss privacy as it relates to research ethics.

(Essay)
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The process of removing identifying information from data sets is known as ____.

(Multiple Choice)
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Ralph,a clinical researcher,is found to have omitted data that are inconsistent with his hypothesis about the causes of autism spectrum disorders.He has engaged in ____.

(Multiple Choice)
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Even an accidental error in recording or analyzing data is considered misconduct.

(True/False)
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Research misconduct involving making up data or results and recording or reporting them is classified as ____.

(Multiple Choice)
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In research,_______________ means protection of personal information about participants.

(Short Answer)
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The modern history of human-subject protections began at ____.

(Multiple Choice)
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The 10 principles that were developed as a frame of reference for judging the conduct of Nazi physicians accused of atrocities became the ____.

(Multiple Choice)
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The _______________ involved poor African American sharecroppers with a potentially fatal sexually transmitted infection who were not treated for the infection even after a cure was available.

(Short Answer)
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Narrative 2-1 The Homeless Shelter Carlos,a psychologist at a local shelter for homeless individuals,makes determinations about who should get special privileges.He is working on his doctorate at the same time,and naturally considers dissertation topics that would involve people who are homeless.​ -Carlos is well aware that even a small amount of money can be a powerful incentive.He is struggling with how much he can pay participants without being coercive.This issue relates most strongly to ____.

(Multiple Choice)
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Milgram's famous study was inspired by the Nazi defense,"orders are orders."​

(True/False)
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The ____,passed in 1974,represents one of the first serious attempts to build a comprehensive system of research ethics in the United States.

(Multiple Choice)
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What term refers to an assurance made to study participants that identifying information about them acquired through the study will not be released to anyone outside of the study?​

(Multiple Choice)
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FDA inspector Frances Kelsey refused to approve an application with what she viewed as insufficient safety data,even under pressure from her superiors,and thus,prevented the Thalidomide tragedy from occurring in the United States.

(True/False)
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In a ____ study,the drug or treatment is given to a larger group of people to see if it is effective and to further evaluate its safety.

(Multiple Choice)
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An assurance of _______________ made to study participants specifies that identifying information about them acquired through the study will not be released to anyone outside of the study.

(Short Answer)
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A ____ study is designed to test a new drug or treatment in a small group of people to evaluate its safety,determine a safe dosage range,and identify potential side effects.

(Multiple Choice)
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Current standards do not require that participants in clinical trials be told that they might receive a placebo​

(True/False)
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