Exam 14: Cosmology

The 2003 observation of a very distant galaxy,the light from which passed through a less distant galaxy cluster on its way to us,showed an overall blueshift.What is the significance?

At the present time,we believe the structure and behavior of the universe are dominated by:

During the first one-ten-thousandth of a second (10-⁴ s)of the life of the universe,antiprotons were very common.For every billion antiprotons,how many protons were there?

Immediately after the cosmological singularity,the four forces were indistinguishable.Then they began to "branch off" and become separate.Which was the LAST of the four to branch off?

If space were flat and there were no "dark energy," what would be the future of the universe?

The cosmic microwave background was discovered by:

Within the first second after the Big Bang,the universe was filled with high-energy,gamma-ray photons.These photons created huge numbers of elementary particles and their antiparticles through pair production.What happened to these particles?

What method is being used to discover whether we live in an unbounded universe,in which expansion will continue forever,or a bounded universe,in which expansion will eventually turn into contraction and lead us to re-collapse?

The physical force that controls the structure of the nucleus and binds together protons and neutrons is the _____ force.

How was the cosmic microwave background radiation discovered?

In which period of time are we now living?

If the geometry of space is hyperbolic,what is the future of the universe?

Why did Einstein introduce his cosmological constant into the original field equations for general relativity?

What is the Great Attractor?

Two light beams that are initially parallel to each other will eventually converge in what kind of universe?

The farther away a galaxy is,the more its light is redshifted,as observed from Earth.This relationship between redshift and distance is caused by:

At what times during the Big Bang were all four fundamental forces unified?

When we use H₀ to calculate the age of the universe,we are making all of the following assumptions EXCEPT ONE.Which is the exception?

Why are the youngest galaxies that we see in distant parts of the universe bluer and brighter than the older galaxies we see closer to us?

How do the youngest,most distant galaxies compare with the older galaxies we see closer to us today?