Exam 9: Memory

Imagine that a new drug is discovered that acts by depleting the brain of free magnesium ions. How would this drug affect long-term potentiation (LTP)?

Two weeks ago, you saw a patient who was suffering from amnesia, and the amnesia appeared to be related to the vertebrobasilar artery system. Currently, the patient's memory seems to have returned to normal. Which of the following people is most likely to be the patient described?

One finding that supports the idea that information in working memory is represented by an acoustic (auditory) code rather than a semantic (meaning-based) code is that when participants are given a list of words to learn and then are immediately tested for recall, performance is ______ when the list contains items that are similar in _______.

Recent neuroimaging and neuropsychological work in memory has attempted to disentangle ________, which seems to implicate the hippocampus and the posterior parahippocampal cortex, from ________, which seems to implicate the perirhinal cortex.

Design an experiment to test the standard consolidation versus multiple-trace theories of consolidation. Describe the results you would expect from each theory.

In the Atkinson and Shiffrin modal model, information can be lost by both decay and interference at each stage.

Lesions to the hippocampus typically do not result in profound memory problems unless the lesions also encompass the amygdala.

During memory retrieval, cortical regions that were important during encoding are reactivated.

Dopamine is the neurotransmitter most associated with long-term potentiation.

What is the difference between anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia? Give examples of the kinds of memories that would (and would not) be impaired with each condition.

After a brain injury, a person is found to have isolated retrograde amnesia. Which of the following brain regions is probably damaged?

A patient visits a neurologist and complains of memory problems, such as trouble remembering telephone numbers. After a few tests, the neurologist determines that there is a large impairment in the digit span, but no impairment in remembering the past or in forming new memories. Which brain area is the most likely to be impaired?

In the delayed nonmatching to sample task, animals are taught in a single trial that a specific object is associated with a food reward. When this object is shown again in a subsequent trial in the presence of a new object, the animal

Hebbian learning occurs when

It appears that the medial temporal lobes and the diencephalon are important in consolidating explicit long-term memories but are not themselves the storage sites for this knowledge because

Which of the following would be the most difficult for the famous patient H.M. and other patients with medial temporal lobe removal?

Patient H.M. is to the ________ as patients with Korsakoff's syndrome are to the ________.

A 1957 study of patients who had undergone removal of the medial temporal lobe for the treatment of epilepsy suggested that

The encoding of information to be stored involves two stages: ________, in which inputs in sensory buffers and sensory analysis stages are registered, and then ________, in which a stronger representation for storage is created.

Following a case of encephalitis, a person has developed lesions in his anterior temporal lobes, but his medial temporal structures are intact. Which of the following is most likely to be true of this person?