Question 1

The two main classes of cells in the nervous system are

Accepted Answer

A) dendrites and axons. 
B) axons and neurons. 
C) neurons and glial cells. 
D) glial cells and dendrites. 
A) dendrites and axons. 
B) axons and neurons. 
C) neurons and glial cells. 
D) glial cells and dendrites.

Question 2

Many drugs produce their effects by facilitating or interfering with neurotransmitters at synapses. Which of the following drugs would most likely increase the effect of serotonin?

Accepted Answer

A) a drug that binds to directly coupled serotonin receptors but does not change membrane permeability to ions 
B) a drug that prevents the activity of an enzyme that breaks down serotonin molecules in the synaptic cleft 
C) a drug that blocks the effect of Ca2+ ions 
D) a drug that blocks the effect of a conditional neurotransmitter that normally facilitates the effect of serotonin 
A) a drug that binds to directly coupled serotonin receptors but does not change membrane permeability to ions 
B) a drug that prevents the activity of an enzyme that breaks down serotonin molecules in the synaptic cleft 
C) a drug that blocks the effect of Ca2+ ions 
D) a drug that blocks the effect of a conditional neurotransmitter that normally facilitates the effect of serotonin

Question 3

Which of the following cells produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A) astrocytes 
B) microglia 
C) oligodendrocytes 
D) Schwann cells 
A) astrocytes 
B) microglia 
C) oligodendrocytes 
D) Schwann cells

Question 4

Ouabain is a toxin that works by permanently inhibiting the activity of sodium-potassium pumps embedded in neuronal membranes. How would ouabain administration affect the resting potential of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A) The magnitude of the resting potential would shift toward zero. 
B) The resting potential would hyperpolarize toward a more negative value. 
C) The resting potential would reverse to a positive, rather than a negative, value. 
D) Application of ouabain would not affect the resting potential. 
A) The magnitude of the resting potential would shift toward zero. 
B) The resting potential would hyperpolarize toward a more negative value. 
C) The resting potential would reverse to a positive, rather than a negative, value. 
D) Application of ouabain would not affect the resting potential.

Question 5

All of the following are advantages of a folded cerebral cortex EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) The need for blood vasculature in the cortex is eliminated. 
B) Neural conduction time between areas is reduced. 
C) Neurons are brought into closer three-dimensional relationships. 
D) More cortical surface can be packed into the skull. 
A) The need for blood vasculature in the cortex is eliminated. 
B) Neural conduction time between areas is reduced. 
C) Neurons are brought into closer three-dimensional relationships. 
D) More cortical surface can be packed into the skull.

Question 6

If electrical currents on multiple dendrites sum together at the axon hillock, and the current flows across the neuronal membrane to the spike-triggering zone, what is likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

A) An action potential will be initiated. 
B) A sodium-potassium pump will activate. 
C) Hyperpolarization. 
D) Saltatory conduction. 
A) An action potential will be initiated. 
B) A sodium-potassium pump will activate. 
C) Hyperpolarization. 
D) Saltatory conduction.

Question 7

The frontal lobe is ________ to the occipital lobe, whereas the temporal lobe is ________ to the parietal lobe.

Accepted Answer

A) posterior; superior 
B) anterior; inferior 
C) superior; caudal 
D) inferior; rostral 
A) posterior; superior 
B) anterior; inferior 
C) superior; caudal 
D) inferior; rostral

Question 8

The two main divisions of the central nervous system are the

Accepted Answer

A) forebrain and brainstem. 
B) white matter and gray matter. 
C) brain and spinal cord. 
D) cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum. 
A) forebrain and brainstem. 
B) white matter and gray matter. 
C) brain and spinal cord. 
D) cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum.

Question 9

The term saltatory conduction refers to the fact that

Accepted Answer

A) action potentials travel faster when extracellular salt concentration is high. 
B) action potentials evoked by strong stimuli travel faster than those evoked by weaker stimuli. 
C) action potentials appear to jump from node to node in myelinated axons. 
D) action potentials are generated only by myelinated portions of axons. 
A) action potentials travel faster when extracellular salt concentration is high. 
B) action potentials evoked by strong stimuli travel faster than those evoked by weaker stimuli. 
C) action potentials appear to jump from node to node in myelinated axons. 
D) action potentials are generated only by myelinated portions of axons.

Question 10

The primary auditory cortex is organized using a tonotopic map, which means that there is an orderly representation of

Accepted Answer

A) loudness. 
B) frequency. 
C) duration. 
D) spatial location. 
A) loudness. 
B) frequency. 
C) duration. 
D) spatial location.

Question 11

Consider the synapse shown schematically here.   If neuron A causes neuron B to become hyperpolarized relative to B's resting state,

Accepted Answer

A) neuron B is more likely to fire its own action potential. 
B) neuron B is less likely to release neurotransmitter molecules from its own axon terminal. 
C) neuron B is more likely to absorb extracellular potassium through voltage-gated channels. 
D) neuron B is less likely to absorb extracellular sodium through the sodium-potassium pump. 
A) neuron B is more likely to fire its own action potential. 
B) neuron B is less likely to release neurotransmitter molecules from its own axon terminal. 
C) neuron B is more likely to absorb extracellular potassium through voltage-gated channels. 
D) neuron B is less likely to absorb extracellular sodium through the sodium-potassium pump.

Question 12

The term selective permeability refers to the fact that a cell membrane will allow some ions to pass through more readily than others.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the reason for substantial growth of the human brain from birth to adulthood?

Accepted Answer

A) The birth of neurons and expansion of axons. 
B) The absorption of cerebral fluid into the brain. 
C) The formation of synapses and growth of dendritic trees. 
D) The formation of new neurons. 
A) The birth of neurons and expansion of axons. 
B) The absorption of cerebral fluid into the brain. 
C) The formation of synapses and growth of dendritic trees. 
D) The formation of new neurons.

Question 14

Demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis disrupt normal neural communication by

Accepted Answer

A) destroying receptors on postsynaptic cells so that neurotransmitters cannot bind normally. 
B) creating lesions in the blood-brain barrier that allow toxic substances to enter the brain from the bloodstream. 
C) causing deterioration of the fatty substance that normally coats and insulates axons. 
D) diminishing the activity of the sodium-potassium pumps that usually maintain the resting potential of neurons. 
A) destroying receptors on postsynaptic cells so that neurotransmitters cannot bind normally. 
B) creating lesions in the blood-brain barrier that allow toxic substances to enter the brain from the bloodstream. 
C) causing deterioration of the fatty substance that normally coats and insulates axons. 
D) diminishing the activity of the sodium-potassium pumps that usually maintain the resting potential of neurons.

Question 15

The specialized structures that comprise the midbrain control functions such as

Accepted Answer

A) hormone regulation. 
B) visual reflexes. 
C) memory. 
D) emotional processing. 
A) hormone regulation. 
B) visual reflexes. 
C) memory. 
D) emotional processing.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for removing a neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft?

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion of the neurotransmitter away from the synapse 
B) active reuptake of the neurotransmitter back into the presynaptic terminal 
C) enzymatic breakdown of the neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft 
D) transport of the neurotransmitter by ion channels into neighboring glial cells 
A) diffusion of the neurotransmitter away from the synapse 
B) active reuptake of the neurotransmitter back into the presynaptic terminal 
C) enzymatic breakdown of the neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft 
D) transport of the neurotransmitter by ion channels into neighboring glial cells

Question 17

The equilibrium potential is the membrane voltage at which there is no net flow of ions in or out.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following is a catecholamine?

Accepted Answer

A) gamma-aminobutyric acid (GAB
A)  
B) glutamate 
C) serotonin 
D) norepinephrine 
A) gamma-aminobutyric acid (GAB
A)  
B) glutamate 
C) serotonin 
D) norepinephrine

Question 19

Which of the following functions is NOT mediated primarily by the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

A) endocrine system regulation 
B) maintenance of homeostatic states in the body 
C) relay of sensory information from the body to the cortex 
D) hormone control 
A) endocrine system regulation 
B) maintenance of homeostatic states in the body 
C) relay of sensory information from the body to the cortex 
D) hormone control

Question 20

The poison tetraethylammonium (TEA) interferes with normal neural communication. The toxin binds to and blocks voltage-gated potassium channels in the neuron cell membrane. Which of the following best describes the effects of TEA on the action potential?

Accepted Answer

A) The depolarization phase of the action potential fails to occur. 
B) The repolarization phase of the action potential is blocked. 
C) The refractory period of the action potential is shortened. 
D) The action potential fails to be regenerated at the nodes of Ranvier. 
A) The depolarization phase of the action potential fails to occur. 
B) The repolarization phase of the action potential is blocked. 
C) The refractory period of the action potential is shortened. 
D) The action potential fails to be regenerated at the nodes of Ranvier.

The two main classes of cells in the nervous system are

Many drugs produce their effects by facilitating or interfering with neurotransmitters at synapses. Which of the following drugs would most likely increase the effect of serotonin?

Which of the following cells produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system?

Ouabain is a toxin that works by permanently inhibiting the activity of sodium-potassium pumps embedded in neuronal membranes. How would ouabain administration affect the resting potential of a neuron?

All of the following are advantages of a folded cerebral cortex EXCEPT:

If electrical currents on multiple dendrites sum together at the axon hillock, and the current flows across the neuronal membrane to the spike-triggering zone, what is likely to happen?

The frontal lobe is to the occipital lobe, whereas the temporal lobe is to the parietal lobe.

The two main divisions of the central nervous system are the

The term saltatory conduction refers to the fact that

The primary auditory cortex is organized using a tonotopic map, which means that there is an orderly representation of

Consider the synapse shown schematically here. If neuron A causes neuron B to become hyperpolarized relative to B's resting state,

The term selective permeability refers to the fact that a cell membrane will allow some ions to pass through more readily than others.

Which of the following best describes the reason for substantial growth of the human brain from birth to adulthood?

Demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis disrupt normal neural communication by

The specialized structures that comprise the midbrain control functions such as

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for removing a neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft?

The equilibrium potential is the membrane voltage at which there is no net flow of ions in or out.

Which of the following is a catecholamine?

Which of the following functions is NOT mediated primarily by the hypothalamus?

The poison tetraethylammonium (TEA) interferes with normal neural communication. The toxin binds to and blocks voltage-gated potassium channels in the neuron cell membrane. Which of the following best describes the effects of TEA on the action potential?

A Brief History of Cognitive Neuroscience

Methods of Cognitive Neuroscience

Hemispheric Specialization

Sensation and Perception

Object Recognition

Attention

Action

Memory

Emotion

Language

Cognitive Control

Social Cognition

The Consciousness Problem

Filters

Exam 2: Structure and Function of the Nervous System

The two main classes of cells in the nervous system are

Many drugs produce their effects by facilitating or interfering with neurotransmitters at synapses. Which of the following drugs would most likely increase the effect of serotonin?

Which of the following cells produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system?

Ouabain is a toxin that works by permanently inhibiting the activity of sodium-potassium pumps embedded in neuronal membranes. How would ouabain administration affect the resting potential of a neuron?

All of the following are advantages of a folded cerebral cortex EXCEPT:

If electrical currents on multiple dendrites sum together at the axon hillock, and the current flows across the neuronal membrane to the spike-triggering zone, what is likely to happen?

The frontal lobe is ________ to the occipital lobe, whereas the temporal lobe is ________ to the parietal lobe.

The two main divisions of the central nervous system are the

The term saltatory conduction refers to the fact that

The primary auditory cortex is organized using a tonotopic map, which means that there is an orderly representation of

Consider the synapse shown schematically here. If neuron A causes neuron B to become hyperpolarized relative to B's resting state,

The term selective permeability refers to the fact that a cell membrane will allow some ions to pass through more readily than others.

Which of the following best describes the reason for substantial growth of the human brain from birth to adulthood?

Demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis disrupt normal neural communication by

The specialized structures that comprise the midbrain control functions such as

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for removing a neurotransmitter from the synaptic cleft?

The equilibrium potential is the membrane voltage at which there is no net flow of ions in or out.

Which of the following is a catecholamine?

Which of the following functions is NOT mediated primarily by the hypothalamus?

The poison tetraethylammonium (TEA) interferes with normal neural communication. The toxin binds to and blocks voltage-gated potassium channels in the neuron cell membrane. Which of the following best describes the effects of TEA on the action potential?

A Brief History of Cognitive Neuroscience

Methods of Cognitive Neuroscience

Hemispheric Specialization

Sensation and Perception

Object Recognition

Attention

Action

Memory

Emotion

Language

Cognitive Control

Social Cognition

The Consciousness Problem

Filters

The frontal lobe is to the occipital lobe, whereas the temporal lobe is to the parietal lobe.