Exam 14: Genitourinary Surgery

An orthotopic neobladder is surgically created as a bladder substitute after a cystectomy,prostatectomy,or hysterectomy is performed for bladder cancer.Bladder substitution relies on meticulous dissection with preservation of the urinary sphincter and neurovascular bundles,as well as a watertight urethral anastomosis.Also termed the "Le Bag continent diversion," what segments of the bowel and/or small intestine are used in this technique to create the neobladder?

The adrenal glands lie retroperitoneally beneath the diaphragm,capping the medial aspects of the superior pole of each kidney.The adrenal medulla secretes __ while the adrenal cortex secretes and .

The renal artery and vein enter and exit the kidney on the medial side of the organ through a concave area known as the:

Shawna Bolten,a perioperative nurse,relieved the circulating nurse in OR 5 where they were about to begin a circumcision on a 17-year-old patient under general anesthesia.After she received the hand-off report from the circulating nurse,she noticed an empty vial of lidocaine 1% with epinephrine 1:100,000 by the computer,where she had signed herself in as the relief nurse.During the hand-off report the scrub person showed her the medication cup on the sterile field.It was labeled "lidocaine 1%." The scrub person had drawn up 10 ml in a syringe to hand to the surgeon for a penile block.Shawna's immediate response should be: