Exam 4: Anesthesia

Which of the following medications is a specific depolarizing muscle relaxant than can produce generalized fasciculations?

Two anesthetic gases that are included in the balanced inhalation mix during general anesthesia are:

While hypothermia was historically credited as a therapeutic modality benefitting all surgery because it decreases metabolism and reduces oxygen demand,inadvertent hypothermia is now recognized as impacting many critical physiologic functions and patient outcomes.Which of the following impairments can contribute to surgical site infections?

At a regional MH testing center Davis Washington is undergoing a muscle biopsy for suspected genetic predisposition to malignant hyperthermia.The anesthesia provider will provide light intravenous (IV)sedation while the surgeon infiltrates the biopsy site with a local anesthetic.This will facilitate Davis' tolerance of the procedure and minimize his risk for an MH episode.What is the current correct name for this anesthesia modality?

The anesthesia department at Evergreen Medical Center has a total staff of 102 persons.These employees serve in many roles as care providers,technical assistants,materials management,clinical engineers,and clerical staff.Select the list of direct-care anesthesia providers.

Marvin Deloitte,a 19-year-old male,received an intravenous peripheral nerve block (PNB/Bier block)for an ORIF of an ankle fracture.The anesthesia provider injected a distal dorsal vein of Marvin's right foot with 2% lidocaine,after placing a single cuffed pneumatic tourniquet circumferentially around Marvin's upper right thigh.The surgeon looked through the OR window to check on anesthesia progress as he scrubbed at the sink outside of the OR.The circulating nurse had the leg elevated and was prepping the ankle.The surgeon noticed that the cuff seemed to be deflating and that the anesthesia provider was turned away from the patient.The circulating nurse also noticed the movement under the protective towel placed over the cuff,and saw the tourniquet tubing fall to the floor.The nurse's first response should be to:

Minimizing risk factors and administering antiemetics are important preventive actions against PONV.Antiemetics are designed to interact with the four main neurotransmitters that affect PONV.These four neurotransmitters are:

During a hypermetabolic MH crisis,the patient will eventually assume a state of metabolic acidosis.What is the desired drug used to reverse this trend?

The physiologic effects resulting from the inhalation of gaseous anesthetic agents and intravenous infusion of anesthetic drugs inhibit several areas of the central nervous system (CNS).The processes by which they occur are explained by several proposed theories.Which of the options describes a plausible anesthetic mechanism of action?

A basic anesthesia monitoring device that is used during general anesthesia to confirm successful endotracheal tube placement and determine the presence of gas exchange is the:

The instillation of a local anesthetic into the subarachnoid space is termed:

Many factors have contributed to the evolution and progressive growth of ambulatory surgery.Select the three anesthetic agents that promote fast induction,rapid emergence,and minimal side effects and have been credited as a significant factor in this trend.

Somatosensory evoked potential (SEP)monitoring assesses neuromuscular transmission pathways during procedures where ischemia may occur because of surgical manipulation,resulting in sensory and motor function.This surveillance is most often employed in:

During a surgical procedure using ketamine as the induction and maintenance agent,the perioperative nurse should:

Perioperative nurses should be familiar with all basic anesthetic monitors and normal ranges of physiologic parameters in order to:

Ketamine is a short-acting induction and IV or IM maintenance agent.Patients are able to maintain their airways.It is a suitable agent to use with small children and burn patients.The concern with this agent is that in large doses it may cause:

Miriam Glass is a 78-year-old female scheduled for compression nail insertion of a left fractured hip.She was positioned for a spinal injection to induce spinal anesthesia.During the process,the anesthesia provider inadvertently inserted the spinal needle into the subarachnoid space,not noticing the error until the entire syringe of lidocaine was emptied into the patient.Miriam immediately experienced rapid onset of hypotension,bradycardia,and apnea.Miriam's unintentional condition is called __ and now must be managed with _.

A desired anesthesia experience for a child is an anesthetic agent that offers a rapid and smooth induction with good relaxation,followed by rapid emergence.Which of the listed inhalational agents is the best choice for pediatric anesthesia?

While a sudden drop in the SpO₂ level may result from systemic hypoxia,blood flow to the distal extremity may be inadequate because of:

Which anesthetic agent could not be given if an IV-only anesthesia plan was employed?