Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a factor in prosody?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rhythm 
B)  Semantics 
C)  Sound 
D)  Structure 
A)  Rhythm 
B)  Semantics 
C)  Sound 
D)  Structure

Question 2

Lexical ambiguity studies show that people access ambiguous words based on

Accepted Answer

A)  the identification of a single meaning for that word. 
B)  the meaning dominance of each definition of the word. 
C)  the word that comes immediately before and the word that comes immediately after the ambiguous word in the sentence. 
D)  a bottom-up progression of meaning comprehension. 
A)  the identification of a single meaning for that word. 
B)  the meaning dominance of each definition of the word. 
C)  the word that comes immediately before and the word that comes immediately after the ambiguous word in the sentence. 
D)  a bottom-up progression of meaning comprehension.

Question 3

Consider the following sentences: "Captain Ahab wanted to kill the whale. He cursed at it." These two sentences taken together provide an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  instrument inference. 
B)  garden path sequence. 
C)  global connection. 
D)  anaphoric inference. 
A)  instrument inference. 
B)  garden path sequence. 
C)  global connection. 
D)  anaphoric inference.

Question 4

The constraint-based approach to parsing states that

Accepted Answer

A)  semantics is activated only at the end of a sentence. 
B)  semantics is activated as a sentence is being read. 
C)  the grammatical structure of a sentence determines the initial parsing. 
D)  semantics is only activated to clear up ambiguity. 
A)  semantics is activated only at the end of a sentence. 
B)  semantics is activated as a sentence is being read. 
C)  the grammatical structure of a sentence determines the initial parsing. 
D)  semantics is only activated to clear up ambiguity.

Question 5

The crucial question in comparing garden path and constrain-based approaches to parsing is ____________________ is involved.

Accepted Answer

A)  whether semantics 
B)  whether syntax 
C)  when semantics 
D)  when syntax 
A)  whether semantics 
B)  whether syntax 
C)  when semantics 
D)  when syntax

Question 6

Noam Chomsky proposed that

Accepted Answer

A)  humans are genetically programmed to acquire and use language. 
B)  language is learned through the mechanism of reinforcement. 
C)  as children learn language, they produce only sentences they have heard before. 
D)  the underlying basis of language is different across cultures. 
A)  humans are genetically programmed to acquire and use language. 
B)  language is learned through the mechanism of reinforcement. 
C)  as children learn language, they produce only sentences they have heard before. 
D)  the underlying basis of language is different across cultures.

Question 7

Ron is an avid reader. He has a large vocabulary because every time he comes across a word he doesn't know, he looks it up in the dictionary. Ron encounters "wanderlust" in a novel, reaches for the dictionary, and finds out this word means "desire to travel." The process of looking up unfamiliar words increases Ron's

Accepted Answer

A)  lexicon. 
B)  parser. 
C)  syntactical capacity. 
D)  mental set. 
A)  lexicon. 
B)  parser. 
C)  syntactical capacity. 
D)  mental set.

Question 8

Which term best reflects a musical composer who writes a film score in the key of E?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prosody 
B)  Tonic 
C)  Heuristics 
D)  Entrainment 
A)  Prosody 
B)  Tonic 
C)  Heuristics 
D)  Entrainment

Question 9

Coherence refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  mental process by which readers create information during reading that is not explicitly stated in the text. 
B)  principle that we process information in isolation before we link it to its context. 
C)  mental process whereby ambiguity is resolved online during sentence reading. 
D)  representation of the text in a reader's mind so that information in one part of the text is related to information in another part of the text. 
A)  mental process by which readers create information during reading that is not explicitly stated in the text. 
B)  principle that we process information in isolation before we link it to its context. 
C)  mental process whereby ambiguity is resolved online during sentence reading. 
D)  representation of the text in a reader's mind so that information in one part of the text is related to information in another part of the text.

Question 10

When two people engage in a conversation, if one person produces a specific grammatical construction in his or her speech and then the other person does the same, this phenomenon is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  anaphoric inferencing. 
B)  phonemic restoration. 
C)  garden pathing. 
D)  syntactic priming. 
A)  anaphoric inferencing. 
B)  phonemic restoration. 
C)  garden pathing. 
D)  syntactic priming.

Question 11

In the lexical decision task, participants are asked to

Accepted Answer

A)  separate a sentence into individual words. 
B)  decide which meaning of an ambiguous sentence is correct in a specific situation. 
C)  identify words that are contained in sentences. 
D)  decide whether a string of letters is a word or a nonword. 
A)  separate a sentence into individual words. 
B)  decide which meaning of an ambiguous sentence is correct in a specific situation. 
C)  identify words that are contained in sentences. 
D)  decide whether a string of letters is a word or a nonword.

Question 12

If human speech is just an ongoing stream of sounds, how are computerized voice recognition systems able to function effectively? What "human" capabilities and qualities do they need to be programmed with? Give examples to support your thinking.

Accepted Answer

Computerized voice recognition system fa

Question 13

Consider the sentence, "Because he always jogs a mile seems like a short distance to him."
The principle of late closure states that this sentence would first be parsed into which of the following phrases?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Because he always jogs" 
B)  "Because he always jogs a mile" 
C)  "he always jogs" 
D)  "a mile seems" 
A)  "Because he always jogs" 
B)  "Because he always jogs a mile" 
C)  "he always jogs" 
D)  "a mile seems"

Question 14

The idea that the rules governing the grouping of words in a sentence is the primary determinant of the way a sentence is parsed is part of the ____________________ approach to parsing.

Accepted Answer

A)  semantic 
B)  temporary ambiguity 
C)  garden path 
D)  interactionist 
A)  semantic 
B)  temporary ambiguity 
C)  garden path 
D)  interactionist

Question 15

The given-new contract is a method for creating

Accepted Answer

A)  comprehension between a speaker and a listener in a conversation. 
B)  children's mastery of syntax. 
C)  resolution of a lexically ambiguous sentence. 
D)  anaphoric inferences between consecutive sentences. 
A)  comprehension between a speaker and a listener in a conversation. 
B)  children's mastery of syntax. 
C)  resolution of a lexically ambiguous sentence. 
D)  anaphoric inferences between consecutive sentences.

Question 16

Which of the following is the best example of a garden path sentence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Before the police stopped, the Toyota disappeared into the night. 
B)  The man was not surprised when he found several spiders, roaches, and other bugs in the room. 
C)  The cats won't bake. 
D)  The Eskimos were frightened by the walrus. 
A)  Before the police stopped, the Toyota disappeared into the night. 
B)  The man was not surprised when he found several spiders, roaches, and other bugs in the room. 
C)  The cats won't bake. 
D)  The Eskimos were frightened by the walrus.

Question 17

Define inference as it applies to text processing. Write a sample narrative paragraph that includes examples of anaphoric inference, instrument inference, and causal inference. Identify and describe each occurrence.

Accepted Answer

Inference with text processing is the co

Question 18

Pollack and Pickett's experiment on understanding speech found that when participants were presented with individual words taken out of conversations (single words presented alone with no context), they could identify

Accepted Answer

A)  100 percent of the words spoken by their own voices. 
B)  50 percent of the words spoken by their own voices. 
C)  50 percent of the words spoken by others with an accent similar to theirs. 
D)  none of the words spoken by others. 
A)  100 percent of the words spoken by their own voices. 
B)  50 percent of the words spoken by their own voices. 
C)  50 percent of the words spoken by others with an accent similar to theirs. 
D)  none of the words spoken by others.

Question 19

Tanenhaus and coworkers' eye movement study presented participants with different pictures for interpreting the sentence, "Put the apple on the towel in the box." Their results showed the importance of ____________________ in how we understand sentences in real-life situations.

Accepted Answer

A)  the cooperative principle 
B)  local connections 
C)  environmental context 
D)  instrumental inferences 
A)  the cooperative principle 
B)  local connections 
C)  environmental context 
D)  instrumental inferences

Question 20

Lilo can't wait for school to start. This year is the first time she gets to take a foreign language class, and she is taking Japanese. Dr. Nabuto is a professor interested in studying how people learn additional languages later in life, and he is including Lilo's class in his research. Dr. Nabuto is most likely studying

Accepted Answer

A)  language comprehension. 
B)  language acquisition. 
C)  speech production. 
D)  speech parsing. 
A)  language comprehension. 
B)  language acquisition. 
C)  speech production. 
D)  speech parsing.

Which of the following is NOT a factor in prosody?

Lexical ambiguity studies show that people access ambiguous words based on

Consider the following sentences: "Captain Ahab wanted to kill the whale. He cursed at it." These two sentences taken together provide an example of a(n)

The constraint-based approach to parsing states that

The crucial question in comparing garden path and constrain-based approaches to parsing is ____________________ is involved.

Noam Chomsky proposed that

Which term best reflects a musical composer who writes a film score in the key of E?

Coherence refers to the

When two people engage in a conversation, if one person produces a specific grammatical construction in his or her speech and then the other person does the same, this phenomenon is referred to as

In the lexical decision task, participants are asked to

If human speech is just an ongoing stream of sounds, how are computerized voice recognition systems able to function effectively? What "human" capabilities and qualities do they need to be programmed with? Give examples to support your thinking.

Consider the sentence, "Because he always jogs a mile seems like a short distance to him." The principle of late closure states that this sentence would first be parsed into which of the following phrases?

The idea that the rules governing the grouping of words in a sentence is the primary determinant of the way a sentence is parsed is part of the ____________________ approach to parsing.

The given-new contract is a method for creating

Which of the following is the best example of a garden path sentence?

Define inference as it applies to text processing. Write a sample narrative paragraph that includes examples of anaphoric inference, instrument inference, and causal inference. Identify and describe each occurrence.

Pollack and Pickett's experiment on understanding speech found that when participants were presented with individual words taken out of conversations (single words presented alone with no context), they could identify

Tanenhaus and coworkers' eye movement study presented participants with different pictures for interpreting the sentence, "Put the apple on the towel in the box." Their results showed the importance of ____________________ in how we understand sentences in real-life situations.

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Attention

Short-Term and Working Memory

Long-Term Memory: Structure

Long-Term Memory: Encoding, Retrieval, and Consolidation

Everyday Memory and Memory Errors

Conceptual Knowledge

Visual Imagery

Problem Solving

Judgment, Decisions, and Reasoning

Filters

Exam 11: Language

Which of the following is NOT a factor in prosody?

Lexical ambiguity studies show that people access ambiguous words based on

Consider the following sentences: "Captain Ahab wanted to kill the whale. He cursed at it." These two sentences taken together provide an example of a(n)

The constraint-based approach to parsing states that

The crucial question in comparing garden path and constrain-based approaches to parsing is ____________________ is involved.

Noam Chomsky proposed that

Which term best reflects a musical composer who writes a film score in the key of E?

Coherence refers to the

When two people engage in a conversation, if one person produces a specific grammatical construction in his or her speech and then the other person does the same, this phenomenon is referred to as

In the lexical decision task, participants are asked to

If human speech is just an ongoing stream of sounds, how are computerized voice recognition systems able to function effectively? What "human" capabilities and qualities do they need to be programmed with? Give examples to support your thinking.

Consider the sentence, "Because he always jogs a mile seems like a short distance to him." The principle of late closure states that this sentence would first be parsed into which of the following phrases?

The idea that the rules governing the grouping of words in a sentence is the primary determinant of the way a sentence is parsed is part of the ____________________ approach to parsing.

The given-new contract is a method for creating

Which of the following is the best example of a garden path sentence?

Define inference as it applies to text processing. Write a sample narrative paragraph that includes examples of anaphoric inference, instrument inference, and causal inference. Identify and describe each occurrence.

Pollack and Pickett's experiment on understanding speech found that when participants were presented with individual words taken out of conversations (single words presented alone with no context), they could identify

Tanenhaus and coworkers' eye movement study presented participants with different pictures for interpreting the sentence, "Put the apple on the towel in the box." Their results showed the importance of ____________________ in how we understand sentences in real-life situations.

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception

Attention

Short-Term and Working Memory

Long-Term Memory: Structure

Long-Term Memory: Encoding, Retrieval, and Consolidation

Everyday Memory and Memory Errors

Conceptual Knowledge

Visual Imagery

Problem Solving

Judgment, Decisions, and Reasoning

Filters