Question 1

How are ethics and public policies similar?

Accepted Answer

A) Both are abstract principles that often differ in actual practice. 
B) Both are best achieved by persons in high political office who can effect change. 
C) Both strive for the public good. 
D) Both use general principles in making decisions. 
A) Both are abstract principles that often differ in actual practice. 
B) Both are best achieved by persons in high political office who can effect change. 
C) Both strive for the public good. 
D) Both use general principles in making decisions. C

Question 2

The nurse learns that a family has decided not to accept medical intervention for a health care problem because paying for the care would drastically reduce the family's resources and ability to meet the needs of other family members. Ethically, which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

A) Appreciate that the family has made the decision that it feels is best and take no further action if it is clear the family has made an informed choice. 
B) Stress that each individual in society has a right to health care and the family will have to create some way to raise funds for the needed treatment. 
C) Talk to the media to see whether a campaign to raise funds for the family can be created. 
D) Try to convince the agency to give the care for free, even if it means economic stress for the agency, because the medical need is obvious. 
A) Appreciate that the family has made the decision that it feels is best and take no further action if it is clear the family has made an informed choice. 
B) Stress that each individual in society has a right to health care and the family will have to create some way to raise funds for the needed treatment. 
C) Talk to the media to see whether a campaign to raise funds for the family can be created. 
D) Try to convince the agency to give the care for free, even if it means economic stress for the agency, because the medical need is obvious. A

Question 3

A nurse didn't know what to do when faced with a particular ethical dilemma because an option that would have a good outcome didn't seem possible. The nurse decided to talk to the agency supervisor and decide what action to take. Which of the following best describes the nurse's actions?

Accepted Answer

A) Appropriate, because the supervisor is responsible for the nurse's choices 
B) Intelligent, because the supervisor has access to resource persons (clergy, physicians, administrators) who might know of options the nurse hadn't considered 
C) Justified, because this provides an opportunity to discuss the issue but the nurse maintains responsibility for the decision 
D) Wise, because the supervisor would be more knowledgeable concerning agency priorities and traditional practices 
A) Appropriate, because the supervisor is responsible for the nurse's choices 
B) Intelligent, because the supervisor has access to resource persons (clergy, physicians, administrators) who might know of options the nurse hadn't considered 
C) Justified, because this provides an opportunity to discuss the issue but the nurse maintains responsibility for the decision 
D) Wise, because the supervisor would be more knowledgeable concerning agency priorities and traditional practices C

Question 4

Which of the following would confirm that the nurse's advocacy has been truly successful or effective?

Accepted Answer

A) Audiences agree with the nurse who is serving as advocate. 
B) Legislators discuss appropriate legislation to better allocate resources. 
C) People verbalize that the disenfranchised should be better treated. 
D) Systematic social changes are made to improve quality of life. 
A) Audiences agree with the nurse who is serving as advocate. 
B) Legislators discuss appropriate legislation to better allocate resources. 
C) People verbalize that the disenfranchised should be better treated. 
D) Systematic social changes are made to improve quality of life.

Question 5

Some nurses are debating about the appropriate action to take in relation to a particular family. The father is ill, and the other family members have chosen to continue working rather than take time off to care for the ill family member. One nurse states, "It is a wife's responsibility to care for an ill husband." Which of the following ethical approaches is being used by this nurse?

Accepted Answer

A) Consequentialism 
B) Communitarianism 
C) Deontological ethics 
D) Principlism 
A) Consequentialism 
B) Communitarianism 
C) Deontological ethics 
D) Principlism

Question 6

A man entered the emergency department bleeding profusely and screaming, "I've got to see a doctor right now! I've got a right to see a doctor! I'm hurt. You have to take care of me!" Which of the following premises would ethically justify such a demand for immediate attention?

Accepted Answer

A) All hospitals receive federal money and all capable employed adults pay taxes, so all adults have a right to what their tax money has purchased. 
B) Saving an individual's life improves society and upholds tradition. 
C) Our society believes that all persons should be treated equally and that basic needs, such as not dying if death can be avoided, should be met. 
D) The man has a property right to his own body, and the government is responsible to ensure that property rights are protected. 
A) All hospitals receive federal money and all capable employed adults pay taxes, so all adults have a right to what their tax money has purchased. 
B) Saving an individual's life improves society and upholds tradition. 
C) Our society believes that all persons should be treated equally and that basic needs, such as not dying if death can be avoided, should be met. 
D) The man has a property right to his own body, and the government is responsible to ensure that property rights are protected.

Question 7

Which of the following is the dominant issue in ethical debate around an issue such as continuing or withdrawing treatment in acute health care?

Accepted Answer

A) Doing what is best for the community 
B) Doing what is best for the family 
C) Obeying legal mandates 
D) Upholding ethical principles 
A) Doing what is best for the community 
B) Doing what is best for the family 
C) Obeying legal mandates 
D) Upholding ethical principles

Question 8

With which of the following ethical approaches are Gilligan and Noddings associated?

Accepted Answer

A) Distributive justice approach 
B) Feminine ethic 
C) Principled approach 
D) Virtue ethics 
A) Distributive justice approach 
B) Feminine ethic 
C) Principled approach 
D) Virtue ethics

Question 9

A new nurse states to a nursing colleague, "But why do I have to be involved in politics? I just want to be the very best clinical nurse I can." Which of the following would be the best response from the nursing colleague?

Accepted Answer

A) "As long as you pay your membership fee to the American Nurses Association, you have participated in the profession's political endeavors." 
B) "Political action is the way you try to fulfill your ethical responsibilities to clients." 
C) "You're absolutely right; if you are good clinically, you have fulfilled your obligation." 
D) "When you've completed your clinical orientation, then you'll have time to be involved in politics." 
A) "As long as you pay your membership fee to the American Nurses Association, you have participated in the profession's political endeavors." 
B) "Political action is the way you try to fulfill your ethical responsibilities to clients." 
C) "You're absolutely right; if you are good clinically, you have fulfilled your obligation." 
D) "When you've completed your clinical orientation, then you'll have time to be involved in politics."

Question 10

What is the relationship between ethics and a community health nursing practice?

Accepted Answer

A) Ethics and actual nursing practice are not related. 
B) Knowing ethics allows nurse to recognize the source of most problems. 
C) Ethics is constantly involved in nurses' clinical decisions. 
D) Although ethics is important, political and legal responsibilities are more important in practice. 
A) Ethics and actual nursing practice are not related. 
B) Knowing ethics allows nurse to recognize the source of most problems. 
C) Ethics is constantly involved in nurses' clinical decisions. 
D) Although ethics is important, political and legal responsibilities are more important in practice.

Question 11

A nurse is asked to meet with a family who recently emigrated from Botswana (Africa). After the clinical doctor tells the husband the wife's diagnosis of breast cancer, the family thanks the physician and starts to leave. Ethically, which of the following is the nurse's most important action?

Accepted Answer

A) Emphasizing that the family must set up a surgical appointment for the wife immediately 
B) Assessing the family's current living situation, including insurance and other assets 
C) Educating the family concerning the usual treatment and the prognosis of breast cancer 
D) Interviewing the family concerning their perspective of the threat to the family's well-being 
A) Emphasizing that the family must set up a surgical appointment for the wife immediately 
B) Assessing the family's current living situation, including insurance and other assets 
C) Educating the family concerning the usual treatment and the prognosis of breast cancer 
D) Interviewing the family concerning their perspective of the threat to the family's well-being

Question 12

Some nurses are debating about the appropriate action to take in relation to a particular family. One member of the family is ill, and the other family members have chosen to continue working rather than take time off to care for the ill family member. One nurse states, "It's not up to us; it's the family's decision. They know what is best for them." Which of the following ethical approaches is being used by this nurse?

Accepted Answer

A) Communitarianism 
B) Deontological ethics 
C) Principlism 
D) Utilitarianism 
A) Communitarianism 
B) Deontological ethics 
C) Principlism 
D) Utilitarianism

Question 13

Three nurses disagree over the appropriate treatment for a woman who is an excellent candidate for hospice care. The first nurse believes that deciding on care rather than cure is the woman's decision and no one else can decide for her. The second nurse says that it is the responsibility of the health care team to do good for the woman, and if the physician thinks there is still a possibility of cure, then the nurses should do everything they can to implement the treatment plan. The third nurse states that it isn't fair for the family members to expend all their resources on the woman, who is probably going to die anyway. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this dispute? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) Ethical principles can conflict with one another. 
B) The nurses are each using different ethical approaches. 
C) The first nurse is correct because autonomy demands that the woman decide for herself. 
D) There is no single accepted approach for resolving such disagreements. 
A) Ethical principles can conflict with one another. 
B) The nurses are each using different ethical approaches. 
C) The first nurse is correct because autonomy demands that the woman decide for herself. 
D) There is no single accepted approach for resolving such disagreements.

Question 14

A physician refuses to order pain medication for a drug addict who has been severely injured in a car accident. When reminded by nurses that pain medication has not been ordered, the physician merely replies that the patient's suffering from the pain of his injuries will build character and that the addicted patient needs to get off drugs. Which of the following ethical theories is the physician using (or misusing)?

Accepted Answer

A) Consequentialism 
B) Communitarianism 
C) Deontological ethics 
D) Virtue ethics 
A) Consequentialism 
B) Communitarianism 
C) Deontological ethics 
D) Virtue ethics

Question 15

Some nurses are debating about the appropriate action to take in relation to a particular family. One member of the family is ill, and the other family members have chosen to continue working rather than take time off to care for the ill family member. One nurse states, "But it doesn't have to be an either/or situation. Perhaps each family member could take a turn calling in sick just 2 or 3 days. That way they could all take a turn at helping and yet not upset their employers. Wouldn't that be fair?" Which of the following ethical approaches is being used by this nurse?

Accepted Answer

A) Communitarianism 
B) Deontological ethics 
C) Principlism 
D) Utilitarianism 
A) Communitarianism 
B) Deontological ethics 
C) Principlism 
D) Utilitarianism

Question 16

From an ethical standpoint, what is the problem with the belief that everyone should receive his or her fair share, that life should always be fair, and that everyone should make his or her own decisions?

Accepted Answer

A) With this belief, the needs of society as a whole are ignored. 
B) Insufficient resources exist to give everyone a fair share. 
C) This belief leads to a propensity for some people to like to be taken care of. 
D) Some people think they deserve more than their fair share. 
A) With this belief, the needs of society as a whole are ignored. 
B) Insufficient resources exist to give everyone a fair share. 
C) This belief leads to a propensity for some people to like to be taken care of. 
D) Some people think they deserve more than their fair share.

Question 17

When and by whom was nursing's first code of ethics written?

Accepted Answer

A) 1893, by Lystra Gretter 
B) 1950, by the ANA House of Delegates 
C) 1953, by the International Council of Nurses (ICN) 
D) 2001, by the ANA House of Delegates 
A) 1893, by Lystra Gretter 
B) 1950, by the ANA House of Delegates 
C) 1953, by the International Council of Nurses (ICN) 
D) 2001, by the ANA House of Delegates

Question 18

Which of the following is the first and most crucial step in the ethical decision-making process?

Accepted Answer

A) Assess the context or environment in which the decision must be made. 
B) Consider the various ethical principles or theories. 
C) Identify the ethical concerns. 
D) Make a decision and act on it. 
A) Assess the context or environment in which the decision must be made. 
B) Consider the various ethical principles or theories. 
C) Identify the ethical concerns. 
D) Make a decision and act on it.

Question 19

Which of the following is considered the most important goal in nursing today?

Accepted Answer

A) Adapting to technological advances such as electronic medical records 
B) Demonstrating caring as the basis of nursing practice 
C) Distinguishing nursing care from medical care 
D) Seeking evidence-based outcomes to demonstrate nursing's contribution to care 
A) Adapting to technological advances such as electronic medical records 
B) Demonstrating caring as the basis of nursing practice 
C) Distinguishing nursing care from medical care 
D) Seeking evidence-based outcomes to demonstrate nursing's contribution to care

Question 20

The staff cannot reach an agreement on what is the right thing to do in relation to a specific patient. Which of the following approaches should the nurse use in personally deciding what is right?

Accepted Answer

A) Do whatever will not get the nurse in trouble with employer 
B) Do whatever is supported by an ethical expert, such as the hospital chaplain 
C) Do whatever the nurse would recommend to anyone in a similar situation 
D) Do whatever the nurse supervisor would feel comfortable reporting to administration 
A) Do whatever will not get the nurse in trouble with employer 
B) Do whatever is supported by an ethical expert, such as the hospital chaplain 
C) Do whatever the nurse would recommend to anyone in a similar situation 
D) Do whatever the nurse supervisor would feel comfortable reporting to administration

Exam 4: Ethics in Community Health Nursing Practice

How are ethics and public policies similar?

A nurse didn't know what to do when faced with a particular ethical dilemma because an option that would have a good outcome didn't seem possible. The nurse decided to talk to the agency supervisor and decide what action to take. Which of the following best describes the nurse's actions?

Which of the following would confirm that the nurse's advocacy has been truly successful or effective?

A man entered the emergency department bleeding profusely and screaming, "I've got to see a doctor right now! I've got a right to see a doctor! I'm hurt. You have to take care of me!" Which of the following premises would ethically justify such a demand for immediate attention?

Which of the following is the dominant issue in ethical debate around an issue such as continuing or withdrawing treatment in acute health care?

With which of the following ethical approaches are Gilligan and Noddings associated?

A new nurse states to a nursing colleague, "But why do I have to be involved in politics? I just want to be the very best clinical nurse I can." Which of the following would be the best response from the nursing colleague?

What is the relationship between ethics and a community health nursing practice?

A nurse is asked to meet with a family who recently emigrated from Botswana (Africa). After the clinical doctor tells the husband the wife's diagnosis of breast cancer, the family thanks the physician and starts to leave. Ethically, which of the following is the nurse's most important action?

From an ethical standpoint, what is the problem with the belief that everyone should receive his or her fair share, that life should always be fair, and that everyone should make his or her own decisions?

When and by whom was nursing's first code of ethics written?

Which of the following is the first and most crucial step in the ethical decision-making process?

Which of the following is considered the most important goal in nursing today?

The staff cannot reach an agreement on what is the right thing to do in relation to a specific patient. Which of the following approaches should the nurse use in personally deciding what is right?

Community-Oriented Nursing and Community-Based Nursing

The History of Public Health and Public and Community Health Nursing

The Us Health and Public Health Care Systems

Cultural Influences in Nursing in Community Health

Environmental Health

Government, the Law, and Policy Activism

Economic Influences

Epidemiological Applications

Evidence-Based Practice

Using Health Education and Groups in the Community

Community Assessment and Evaluation

Case Management

Disaster Management

Surveillance and Outbreak Investigation

Program Management

Managing Quality and Safety

Family Development and Family Nursing Assessment

Family Health Risks

Health Risks Across the Life Span

Vulnerability and Vulnerable Populations: an Overview

Rural Health and Migrant Health

Poverty, Homelessness, Mental Illness, and Teen Pregnancy

Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Problems in the Community

Violence and Human Abuse

Infectious Disease Prevention and Control

HIV Infection, Hepatitis, Tuberculosis, and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Nursing Practice at the Local, State, and National Levels in Public Health

The Faith Community Nurse

The Nurse in Home Health and Hospice

The Nurse in the Schools

The Nurse in Occupational Health

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