Question 1

Which of the following theorists is most noted for his/her studies of the cognitive development of children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sigmund Freud 
B)  Erik Erikson 
C)  Carroll Izard 
D)  Jean Piaget 
A)  Sigmund Freud 
B)  Erik Erikson 
C)  Carroll Izard 
D)  Jean Piaget

Question 2

Three-year-old Jenny knows she's a girl.Jenny's subjective feeling and labeling herself as a female exemplifies:

Accepted Answer

A)  gender roles 
B)  sex typing 
C)  gender identity 
D)  gender orientation 
A)  gender roles 
B)  sex typing 
C)  gender identity 
D)  gender orientation

Question 3

"I don't know what I want to be.Whatever it is,I know I'll have to grow up some." According to Erikson,this individual is experiencing:

Accepted Answer

A)  resiliency state 
B)  identity vs. role confusion 
C)  anal stage 
D)  industry vs. inferiority 
A)  resiliency state 
B)  identity vs. role confusion 
C)  anal stage 
D)  industry vs. inferiority

Question 4

____ refers to the release of an ovum,or egg cell,from a woman's ovaries.

Accepted Answer

A)  Conception 
B)  Ovulation 
C)  Amniocentesis 
D)  Fertilization 
A)  Conception 
B)  Ovulation 
C)  Amniocentesis 
D)  Fertilization

Question 5

The period that lasts nine months,extending from conception to birth,is called the ____ period.

Accepted Answer

A)  prenatal 
B)  embryonic 
C)  germinal 
D)  fetal 
A)  prenatal 
B)  embryonic 
C)  germinal 
D)  fetal

Question 6

According to longitudinal data,the majority of babies examined had ____ temperaments.

Accepted Answer

A)  easy 
B)  difficult 
C)  slow-to-warm-up 
D)  moderate 
A)  easy 
B)  difficult 
C)  slow-to-warm-up 
D)  moderate

Question 7

You are reviewing a study that was done on emotional development.After you have read it,you wonder if the subjects will remain the same or change across time.You are reading a study that used the ____ method.

Accepted Answer

A)  longitudinal 
B)  multilevel 
C)  repetitional 
D)  cross-sectional 
A)  longitudinal 
B)  multilevel 
C)  repetitional 
D)  cross-sectional

Question 8

Which statement best summarizes the current thinking on the nature versus nurture issue?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nature is more important than nurture. 
B)  Nurture is more important than nature. 
C)  We can never really know which is most important. 
D)  There is an interaction between nature and nurture. 
A)  Nature is more important than nurture. 
B)  Nurture is more important than nature. 
C)  We can never really know which is most important. 
D)  There is an interaction between nature and nurture.

Question 9

Gender differences are based upon adaptation and survival according to the:

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive developmental theory 
B)  psychosexual theory 
C)  evolutionary theory 
D)  social role theory 
A)  cognitive developmental theory 
B)  psychosexual theory 
C)  evolutionary theory 
D)  social role theory

Question 10

A disadvantage of the cross-sectional method is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  subjects tend to drop out of the study 
B)  it is difficult to track people over several years 
C)  it prevents the study of people across their life spans 
D)  it does not examine the development in each person over time 
A)  subjects tend to drop out of the study 
B)  it is difficult to track people over several years 
C)  it prevents the study of people across their life spans 
D)  it does not examine the development in each person over time

Question 11

What factor seems to help children make the best recovery from sexual abuse?

Accepted Answer

A)  strong siblings who are not sexually abused themselves 
B)  a significant other like a friend or teacher who provides support and care 
C)  strong support and care from a caregiver 
D)  the father or stepfather apologizing for his behavior 
A)  strong siblings who are not sexually abused themselves 
B)  a significant other like a friend or teacher who provides support and care 
C)  strong support and care from a caregiver 
D)  the father or stepfather apologizing for his behavior

Question 12

Kagan,in his study of fear reactions,identified two distinct temperaments that are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  slow-to-warm-up and warm 
B)  inhibited/fearful and fearless 
C)  easy and difficult 
D)  mature and immature 
A)  slow-to-warm-up and warm 
B)  inhibited/fearful and fearless 
C)  easy and difficult 
D)  mature and immature

Question 13

Children who have received social support are more likely to experience:

Accepted Answer

A)  vulnerability 
B)  resiliency 
C)  androgyny 
D)  bidirectionality 
A)  vulnerability 
B)  resiliency 
C)  androgyny 
D)  bidirectionality

Question 14

A group of children are initially interviewed at age 7 and then reinterviewed every seven years until age 28.This is the ____ type of study.

Accepted Answer

A)  multilevel 
B)  cross-sectional 
C)  repetitional 
D)  longitudinal 
A)  multilevel 
B)  cross-sectional 
C)  repetitional 
D)  longitudinal

Question 15

Gail and Janelle are talking about the differences between their children.Janelle's youngest,who is one year old,has not yet crawled.Gail says that Janelle should be worried.Should Janelle be worried about her son's motor development?

Accepted Answer

A)  yes-normal children crawl by 10 months according to norms of development 
B)  no-norms for development refer to an average age and not absolute age 
C)  no-motor development at this age is controlled by experience, and so Janelle should just spend more time playing with her son 
D)  yes-10 months is late for crawling 
A)  yes-normal children crawl by 10 months according to norms of development 
B)  no-norms for development refer to an average age and not absolute age 
C)  no-motor development at this age is controlled by experience, and so Janelle should just spend more time playing with her son 
D)  yes-10 months is late for crawling

Question 16

A key component of Freud's psychosexual theory is ____ between child and parent.

Accepted Answer

A)  mutual respect 
B)  communication 
C)  conflict 
D)  love 
A)  mutual respect 
B)  communication 
C)  conflict 
D)  love

Question 17

Chemicals that can cause birth defects are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  biohazards 
B)  teratogens 
C)  amniocentesis 
D)  biochemoses 
A)  biohazards 
B)  teratogens 
C)  amniocentesis 
D)  biochemoses

Question 18

According to Judith Harris' research,the most important environment in shaping a child's development is:

Accepted Answer

A)  outside the home environment 
B)  the home environment 
C)  the school environment 
D)  no environment-it is all genetic 
A)  outside the home environment 
B)  the home environment 
C)  the school environment 
D)  no environment-it is all genetic

Question 19

Children whose mothers smoked during their pregnancy are more likely to experience

Accepted Answer

A)  increased risk for SIDs 
B)  lower IQs 
C)  poorly developed brains 
D)  smaller than normal head size 
A)  increased risk for SIDs 
B)  lower IQs 
C)  poorly developed brains 
D)  smaller than normal head size

Question 20

According to research examining differences in gender roles around the world:

Accepted Answer

A)  young children show much similarity in gender roles 
B)  young children show many differences in gender roles 
C)  western cultures show more similarity in gender roles than eastern cultures 
D)  cultures that emphasize strong family ties tend to show similarities in gender roles 
A)  young children show much similarity in gender roles 
B)  young children show many differences in gender roles 
C)  western cultures show more similarity in gender roles than eastern cultures 
D)  cultures that emphasize strong family ties tend to show similarities in gender roles

Exam 17: Infancy Childhood

Which of the following theorists is most noted for his/her studies of the cognitive development of children?

Three-year-old Jenny knows she's a girl.Jenny's subjective feeling and labeling herself as a female exemplifies:

"I don't know what I want to be.Whatever it is,I know I'll have to grow up some." According to Erikson,this individual is experiencing:

____ refers to the release of an ovum,or egg cell,from a woman's ovaries.

The period that lasts nine months,extending from conception to birth,is called the ____ period.

According to longitudinal data,the majority of babies examined had ____ temperaments.

You are reviewing a study that was done on emotional development.After you have read it,you wonder if the subjects will remain the same or change across time.You are reading a study that used the ____ method.

Which statement best summarizes the current thinking on the nature versus nurture issue?

Gender differences are based upon adaptation and survival according to the:

A disadvantage of the cross-sectional method is that:

What factor seems to help children make the best recovery from sexual abuse?

Kagan,in his study of fear reactions,identified two distinct temperaments that are called:

Children who have received social support are more likely to experience:

A group of children are initially interviewed at age 7 and then reinterviewed every seven years until age 28.This is the ____ type of study.

Gail and Janelle are talking about the differences between their children.Janelle's youngest,who is one year old,has not yet crawled.Gail says that Janelle should be worried.Should Janelle be worried about her son's motor development?

A key component of Freud's psychosexual theory is ____ between child and parent.

Chemicals that can cause birth defects are called:

According to Judith Harris' research,the most important environment in shaping a child's development is:

Children whose mothers smoked during their pregnancy are more likely to experience

According to research examining differences in gender roles around the world:

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