Exam 40: Fluid, electrolyte, and Acid-base Balances

A nurse is assessing a patient who is receiving a blood transfusion and finds that the patient is anxiously fidgeting in bed.The patient is afebrile and dyspneic.The nurse auscultates crackles in both lung bases and sees jugular vein distension.The nurse recognizes that the patient is experiencing which transfusion complication?

Which laboratory value should the nurse examine when evaluating a patient with uncompensated respiratory alkalosis?

In which patient would the nurse expect to see a positive Chvostek sign?

A 2-year-old child was brought into the emergency department after ingesting several morphine tablets from a bottle in his mother's purse.The nurse knows that the child is at greatest risk for which acid-base imbalance?

A nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes who has a bowel obstruction and has orders to ensure that the volume of intake matches the output.In the past 4 hours,the patient received dextrose 5% with 0.9% sodium chloride through a 22-gauge catheter infusing at 150 mL/hr and has eaten 200 mL of ice chips.The patient also has a nasogastric suction tube set to low continuous suction,which yielded an output of 300 mL.The patient has voided 400 mL of urine.After reporting these values to the physician,what orders does the nurse anticipate?

A patient had an acute intravascular hemolytic reaction during a blood transfusion.After discontinuing the blood transfusion,what is the nurse's next action?

How does the nurse discontinue peripheral IV access? (Select all that apply. )

A nurse is caring for a patient with cancer who presents with anorexia,blood pressure of 100/60,elevated white blood cell count,and oral candidiasis.The nurse knows that the purpose of starting total parenteral nutrition (TPN)is what?

The nurse would expect a patient with increased levels of serum calcium to also have which abnormal values?

What is the process of passively moving water from an area of lower particle concentration to an area of higher particle concentration?

When selecting a site to insert an IV catheter on an adult,the nurse should follow which procedure? (Select all that apply. )

The nurse selects appropriate tubing for a blood transfusion by ensuring that the tubing has which of the following?

The nurse is assessing a patient and finds crackles in the lung bases and neck vein distension.The nurse gives the patient a diuretic.What electrolyte imbalance is the nurse most concerned about?

The nurse would expect a patient with respiratory acidosis to have an excessive amount of which of the following?

The nurse is caring for a patient who has diabetes and is in renal failure.Which laboratory findings would the nurse expect?

A nurse is caring for a patient whose electrocardiogram displays changes characteristic of hypokalemia.Which assessment finding would the nurse expect?

Which organ system is responsible for compensation of respiratory acidosis?

A nurse begins infusing a 250-mL bag of IV fluid at 1845 hours on Monday and programs the pump to infuse at 20 mL/hr.At what time should the infusion be completed?

A patient with a lower respiratory infection has a pH of 7.25,a PaCO₂ of 55 mm Hg,and a HCO₃^- level of 20 mmol/L (20 mEq/L).The physician has been notified.Which is the priority nursing intervention for this patient?

A patient has the following laboratory values: sodium level,145 mmol/L (145 mEq/L);potassium level,4.5 mmol/L (4.5 mEq/L);calcium level,1.05 mmol/L (4.5 mg/dL).What would the nurse expect to find in the assessment?