Question 1

Biological traits generally follow a geographic continuum,also called a cline.How does this relate to the concept of race?

Accepted Answer

A) Most traits are not bounded by supposed "racial" boundaries but rather vary between two points,such as the frequency of type-B blood changing gradually from eastern Asia to far-western Europe. 
B) The cline is the scale against which variation is measured,from which we can derive the number of distinct races in a region. 
C) The term clinal variation is another term for race or subspecies. 
D) Most genetic traits sort people into a fixed number of race categories.Clines do not sort people this way but are very rare. 
A) Most traits are not bounded by supposed "racial" boundaries but rather vary between two points,such as the frequency of type-B blood changing gradually from eastern Asia to far-western Europe. 
B) The cline is the scale against which variation is measured,from which we can derive the number of distinct races in a region. 
C) The term clinal variation is another term for race or subspecies. 
D) Most genetic traits sort people into a fixed number of race categories.Clines do not sort people this way but are very rare. A

Question 2

Which of the following biological processes involves a reduction in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A) senescence 
B) Wolff 's law 
C) prenatal development 
D) adult stage of development 
A) senescence 
B) Wolff 's law 
C) prenatal development 
D) adult stage of development A

Question 3

What happens when epiphyses fuse to the diaphysis?

Accepted Answer

A) Long bone growth is slowed. 
B) Full adult height is attained. 
C) The adolescent growth spurt begins. 
D) The diaphysis continues to grow,but the epiphyses stop growing. 
A) Long bone growth is slowed. 
B) Full adult height is attained. 
C) The adolescent growth spurt begins. 
D) The diaphysis continues to grow,but the epiphyses stop growing. B

Question 4

What marks sexual maturation or puberty?

Accepted Answer

A) menarche in girls 
B) similar body size in boys and girls 
C) a short-term rapid increase in brain growth 
D) adult social roles 
A) menarche in girls 
B) similar body size in boys and girls 
C) a short-term rapid increase in brain growth 
D) adult social roles

Question 5

At what level does cultural adaptation occur?

Accepted Answer

A) at the population level via natural selection 
B) at the individual level during childhood 
C) through the use of material culture or learned practices to make living possible in certain settings 
D) usually in adults,not children 
A) at the population level via natural selection 
B) at the individual level during childhood 
C) through the use of material culture or learned practices to make living possible in certain settings 
D) usually in adults,not children

Question 6

What does Allen's rule indicate that humans will have?

Accepted Answer

A) larger lungs in hot environments and smaller lungs in cold environments 
B) smaller bodies in cold environments and larger bodies in hot environments 
C) longer limbs in hot environments and shorter limbs in cold environments 
D) taller bodies in cold environments and shorter bodies in hot environments 
A) larger lungs in hot environments and smaller lungs in cold environments 
B) smaller bodies in cold environments and larger bodies in hot environments 
C) longer limbs in hot environments and shorter limbs in cold environments 
D) taller bodies in cold environments and shorter bodies in hot environments

Question 7

Why is dark skin (a result of increased melanin production in equatorial peoples)likely a response to ultraviolet (UV)radiation?

Accepted Answer

A) because UV radiation can cause skin cancer 
B) because UV radiation can cause hypoxia 
C) because UV radiation can cause rickets 
D) because UV radiation can cause hypothermia 
A) because UV radiation can cause skin cancer 
B) because UV radiation can cause hypoxia 
C) because UV radiation can cause rickets 
D) because UV radiation can cause hypothermia

Question 8

How can variation in human skin color be used as an example of both functional and genetic adaptations?

Accepted Answer

A) Mutations in skin cells caused by exposure to the sun produce increased genetic variation passed on to offspring. 
B) Vasodilation and vasoconstriction of the blood vessels under the skin adapt to the amount of sunlight. 
C) Human skin may be dark because of tanning or because of the genetically controlled production of more melanin. 
D) Individuals exposed to plentiful sunlight may at first tan but eventually develop genes that code for more melanin. 
A) Mutations in skin cells caused by exposure to the sun produce increased genetic variation passed on to offspring. 
B) Vasodilation and vasoconstriction of the blood vessels under the skin adapt to the amount of sunlight. 
C) Human skin may be dark because of tanning or because of the genetically controlled production of more melanin. 
D) Individuals exposed to plentiful sunlight may at first tan but eventually develop genes that code for more melanin.

Question 9

What does adolescence include?

Accepted Answer

A) stability in physiology,behavior,and cognition 
B) decline in function of tissue and many organs 
C) eruption of dentition and increased brain growth 
D) the development of secondary sex characteristics and interest in adult social,sexual,and economic behaviors 
A) stability in physiology,behavior,and cognition 
B) decline in function of tissue and many organs 
C) eruption of dentition and increased brain growth 
D) the development of secondary sex characteristics and interest in adult social,sexual,and economic behaviors

Question 10

Although Allen's and Bergmann's rules often explain body shape and morphology,we occasionally see variations from the excepted patterns.What does this sometimes indicate?

Accepted Answer

A) The long-term association between body shape and climate is an example of acclimatization. 
B) Body shape and morphology do not reflect both evolutionary and developmental processes. 
C) The association between body shape and morphology does respond to environmental stressors. 
D) The association between body shape,morphology,and the environment is not a result of natural selection. 
A) The long-term association between body shape and climate is an example of acclimatization. 
B) Body shape and morphology do not reflect both evolutionary and developmental processes. 
C) The association between body shape and morphology does respond to environmental stressors. 
D) The association between body shape,morphology,and the environment is not a result of natural selection.

Question 11

What did the American economist David Seckler incorrectly hypothesize?

Accepted Answer

A) Growth accelerates and decelerates according to various life stages. 
B) Reduced food supplies cause shortness in height and poor general functioning. 
C) There is a relationship between genes and the environment. 
D) Shortness in height is a harmless adaptation to reduced food supplies. 
A) Growth accelerates and decelerates according to various life stages. 
B) Reduced food supplies cause shortness in height and poor general functioning. 
C) There is a relationship between genes and the environment. 
D) Shortness in height is a harmless adaptation to reduced food supplies.

Question 12

Discuss the origins of the race concept.Include early scientists and their views on human variation.

Accepted Answer

The concept of race,as it is usually tho

Question 13

How can homeostasis be studied directly?

Accepted Answer

A) by observing living populations as they engage in various activities in various settings 
B) by experimentally manipulating or replicating environmental conditions and observing human responses 
C) by identifying the genome of a given population of humans 
D) by observing differences in such measures as body temperature across human groups 
A) by observing living populations as they engage in various activities in various settings 
B) by experimentally manipulating or replicating environmental conditions and observing human responses 
C) by identifying the genome of a given population of humans 
D) by observing differences in such measures as body temperature across human groups

Question 14

Children living at high altitudes develop a larger chest cavity by adulthood than children living at lower altitudes.What can be said about this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A) This genetic adaptation arose in the population in which these children live,because of the relative lack of oxygen at this altitude. 
B) Individuals who live at high altitudes temporarily develop greater lung volume and the ability to use oxygen more efficiently. 
C) This ontogenetic adaptation occurred during a critical period of development and is not reversible. 
D) This is a behavioral adaptation that involves lung-enhancing exercises and the eating of certain foods.It is not genetic. 
A) This genetic adaptation arose in the population in which these children live,because of the relative lack of oxygen at this altitude. 
B) Individuals who live at high altitudes temporarily develop greater lung volume and the ability to use oxygen more efficiently. 
C) This ontogenetic adaptation occurred during a critical period of development and is not reversible. 
D) This is a behavioral adaptation that involves lung-enhancing exercises and the eating of certain foods.It is not genetic.

Question 15

What kind of changes occur with functional adaptations?

Accepted Answer

A) important population-level genetic changes 
B) adjustments at the individual level only occurring during childhood 
C) adjustments that involve using material culture to make living possible in certain settings 
D) biological adjustments within an individual's lifetime,including developmental adaptations and acclimatization 
A) important population-level genetic changes 
B) adjustments at the individual level only occurring during childhood 
C) adjustments that involve using material culture to make living possible in certain settings 
D) biological adjustments within an individual's lifetime,including developmental adaptations and acclimatization

Question 16

At what level does developmental (or ontogenetic)adaptation occur?

Accepted Answer

A) at the individual level throughout an individual's lifetime 
B) at the individual level during childhood 
C) through the use of material culture to make living possible in certain settings 
D) at the population level via natural selection 
A) at the individual level throughout an individual's lifetime 
B) at the individual level during childhood 
C) through the use of material culture to make living possible in certain settings 
D) at the population level via natural selection

Question 17

How do the Inuit and other cold-adapted populations compare to people with a history of living in temperate climates?

Accepted Answer

A) They have lower BMRs. 
B) They consume more carbohydrates. 
C) They reduce peripheral body temperatures to maintain core temperatures. 
D) They have short limbs and wide bodies. 
A) They have lower BMRs. 
B) They consume more carbohydrates. 
C) They reduce peripheral body temperatures to maintain core temperatures. 
D) They have short limbs and wide bodies.

Question 18

Infancy is the period that:

Accepted Answer

A) runs from the second month after birth to the end of lactation,usually by the end of the third year. 
B) runs from three to seven years,generally postweaning. 
C) is also called the "neonatal" period. 
D) includes three months before birth and three months after birth. 
A) runs from the second month after birth to the end of lactation,usually by the end of the third year. 
B) runs from three to seven years,generally postweaning. 
C) is also called the "neonatal" period. 
D) includes three months before birth and three months after birth.

Question 19

What have many studies,in keeping with R.C.Lewontin's work,shown about multiple biological traits?

Accepted Answer

A) Different biological traits tend not to correlate in frequency or distribution. 
B) Most biological traits tend to correlate in frequency or distribution. 
C) Humans have so little genetic variation that the study of multiple biological traits is not useful. 
D) The study of multiple biological traits has demonstrated the existence of clear-cut races in humans. 
A) Different biological traits tend not to correlate in frequency or distribution. 
B) Most biological traits tend to correlate in frequency or distribution. 
C) Humans have so little genetic variation that the study of multiple biological traits is not useful. 
D) The study of multiple biological traits has demonstrated the existence of clear-cut races in humans.

Question 20

What is the human prenatal stage made up of?

Accepted Answer

A) three trimesters over forty weeks 
B) the entire period during which lactation is carried out 
C) infancy,childhood,juvenile period,puberty,adolescence,and adulthood 
D) the neonatal period,infancy,juvenile period,puberty,and adolescence 
A) three trimesters over forty weeks 
B) the entire period during which lactation is carried out 
C) infancy,childhood,juvenile period,puberty,adolescence,and adulthood 
D) the neonatal period,infancy,juvenile period,puberty,and adolescence

Biological traits generally follow a geographic continuum,also called a cline.How does this relate to the concept of race?

Which of the following biological processes involves a reduction in homeostasis?

What happens when epiphyses fuse to the diaphysis?

What marks sexual maturation or puberty?

At what level does cultural adaptation occur?

What does Allen's rule indicate that humans will have?

Why is dark skin (a result of increased melanin production in equatorial peoples)likely a response to ultraviolet (UV)radiation?

How can variation in human skin color be used as an example of both functional and genetic adaptations?

What does adolescence include?

Although Allen's and Bergmann's rules often explain body shape and morphology,we occasionally see variations from the excepted patterns.What does this sometimes indicate?

What did the American economist David Seckler incorrectly hypothesize?

Discuss the origins of the race concept.Include early scientists and their views on human variation.

How can homeostasis be studied directly?

Children living at high altitudes develop a larger chest cavity by adulthood than children living at lower altitudes.What can be said about this adaptation?

What kind of changes occur with functional adaptations?

At what level does developmental (or ontogenetic)adaptation occur?

How do the Inuit and other cold-adapted populations compare to people with a history of living in temperate climates?

Infancy is the period that:

What have many studies,in keeping with R.C.Lewontin's work,shown about multiple biological traits?

What is the human prenatal stage made up of?

What Is Physical Anthropology?

Evolution: Constructing a Fundamental Scientific Theory

Genetics: Reproducing Life and Producing Variation

Genes and Their Evolution: Population Genetics

Biology in the Present: The Other Living Primates

Primate Sociality, social Behavior, and Culture

Fossils and Their Place in Time and Nature

Primate Origins and Evolution: The First 50 Million Years

Early Hominin Origins and Evolution: The Roots of Humanity

The Origins and Evolution of Early Homo

The Origins,evolution,and Dispersal of Modern People

The Past 10, 000 Years: Agriculture, population, biology

Evolution: Today and Tomorrow

Filters

Exam 5: Biology in the Present: Living People

Biological traits generally follow a geographic continuum,also called a cline.How does this relate to the concept of race?

Which of the following biological processes involves a reduction in homeostasis?

What happens when epiphyses fuse to the diaphysis?

What marks sexual maturation or puberty?

At what level does cultural adaptation occur?

What does Allen's rule indicate that humans will have?

Why is dark skin (a result of increased melanin production in equatorial peoples)likely a response to ultraviolet (UV)radiation?

How can variation in human skin color be used as an example of both functional and genetic adaptations?

What does adolescence include?

Although Allen's and Bergmann's rules often explain body shape and morphology,we occasionally see variations from the excepted patterns.What does this sometimes indicate?

What did the American economist David Seckler incorrectly hypothesize?

Discuss the origins of the race concept.Include early scientists and their views on human variation.

How can homeostasis be studied directly?

Children living at high altitudes develop a larger chest cavity by adulthood than children living at lower altitudes.What can be said about this adaptation?

What kind of changes occur with functional adaptations?

At what level does developmental (or ontogenetic)adaptation occur?

How do the Inuit and other cold-adapted populations compare to people with a history of living in temperate climates?

Infancy is the period that:

What have many studies,in keeping with R.C.Lewontin's work,shown about multiple biological traits?

What is the human prenatal stage made up of?

What Is Physical Anthropology?

Evolution: Constructing a Fundamental Scientific Theory

Genetics: Reproducing Life and Producing Variation

Genes and Their Evolution: Population Genetics

Biology in the Present: The Other Living Primates

Primate Sociality, social Behavior, and Culture

Fossils and Their Place in Time and Nature

Primate Origins and Evolution: The First 50 Million Years

Early Hominin Origins and Evolution: The Roots of Humanity

The Origins and Evolution of Early Homo

The Origins,evolution,and Dispersal of Modern People

The Past 10, 000 Years: Agriculture, population, biology

Evolution: Today and Tomorrow

Filters