Question 1

Describe Homo erectus's cranial and postcranial anatomical characteristics.How is this species significantly different from earlier hominids?

Accepted Answer

Homo erectus is characterized by increasing cranial capacity and a gracilization of the face,jaws,and teeth.It is also marked by increased body size and the first evidence of modern human limb proportions.The fossil evidence indicates a rapid increase in body size about 2.0-1.7 mya.Greater body size and facial gracility likely relate to changes in tool technology and greater access to meat and other proteins.Growth patterns (as indicated by analysis of perikymata on the Nariokotome Boy's teeth)are thought to be slower than earlier hominids' but not as slow as modern humans'.Overall,H.erectus represents a real departure from the smaller-brained,larger-faced australopithecines,who had a more mixed arboreal/bipedal pattern of locomotion and used stone tools less often,if at all.

Question 2

Analysis of Homo erectus teeth found at Zhoukoudian suggests that controlled use of fire allowed this species to:

Accepted Answer

A) ward off predators. 
B) expand into more temperate environments. 
C) make foods easier to chew. 
D) none of the above 
A) ward off predators. 
B) expand into more temperate environments. 
C) make foods easier to chew. 
D) none of the above C

Question 3

Homo habilis used Acheulian hand axes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Evidence from the Nariokotome Boy suggests that modern human growth patterns were already present in Homo erectus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The many stone tools,fragmentary animal bones,and teeth found at Gran Dolina,Spain,indicate that hominids there:

Accepted Answer

A) processed and consumed animals and other hominids. 
B) did not differ appreciably from earlier Asian Homo erectus. 
C) were similar to later Homo sapiens. 
D) none of the above 
A) processed and consumed animals and other hominids. 
B) did not differ appreciably from earlier Asian Homo erectus. 
C) were similar to later Homo sapiens. 
D) none of the above

Question 6

Discuss the fossil and archaeological evidence for the varying importance of scavenging and hunting among Homo habilis and Homo erectus.

Accepted Answer

At several archaeological sites of Homo

Question 7

Gran Dolina adult hominids were similar to later Homo sapiens in their:

Accepted Answer

A) ability to produce art. 
B) large cranial capacity. 
C) wide nasal apertures. 
D) none of the above 
A) ability to produce art. 
B) large cranial capacity. 
C) wide nasal apertures. 
D) none of the above

Question 8

Classic Homo erectus cranial features include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) thick cranial bones. 
B) large browridges. 
C) rounded skull. 
D) sagittal keel. 
A) thick cranial bones. 
B) large browridges. 
C) rounded skull. 
D) sagittal keel.

Question 9

Greater body size and facial gracility documented in Homo erectus are likely related to:

Accepted Answer

A) changes in tool technology and increasing access to meat and other proteins. 
B) the natural continuation of previous trends documented in hominid fossils,similar to great brain size. 
C) the global climate,as these trends are characteristic of a cooler climate. 
D) none of the above 
A) changes in tool technology and increasing access to meat and other proteins. 
B) the natural continuation of previous trends documented in hominid fossils,similar to great brain size. 
C) the global climate,as these trends are characteristic of a cooler climate. 
D) none of the above

Question 10

The Zhoukoudian fossils belonged to the species Homo habilis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Hominid fossils indicate which of the following differences between Homo habilis and Homo erectus?

Accepted Answer

A) H.habilis shows a reduction in the size of the face relative to the brain case. 
B) H.erectus shows a reduction in the size of the face relative to the brain case. 
C) H.habilis generally has a greater brain capacity than H.erectus. 
D) H.erectus generally has a smaller brain capacity than H.habilis. 
A) H.habilis shows a reduction in the size of the face relative to the brain case. 
B) H.erectus shows a reduction in the size of the face relative to the brain case. 
C) H.habilis generally has a greater brain capacity than H.erectus. 
D) H.erectus generally has a smaller brain capacity than H.habilis.

Question 12

Relative to earlier hominids,Homo erectus is marked by:

Accepted Answer

A) a large increase in body size. 
B) decreased cranial capacity. 
C) both A and B 
D) none of the above 
A) a large increase in body size. 
B) decreased cranial capacity. 
C) both A and B 
D) none of the above

Question 13

Effective and regular access to high-quality protein likely required:

Accepted Answer

A) expanded brain size. 
B) complex tool technologies. 
C) social means of obtaining animals as food sources daily. 
D) all of the above 
A) expanded brain size. 
B) complex tool technologies. 
C) social means of obtaining animals as food sources daily. 
D) all of the above

Question 14

Evidence of cannibalism among early hominids is found at:

Accepted Answer

A) Zhoukoudian,China. 
B) Gran Dolina,Spain. 
C) Olduvai Gorge,Kenya. 
D) Sangiran,Java. 
A) Zhoukoudian,China. 
B) Gran Dolina,Spain. 
C) Olduvai Gorge,Kenya. 
D) Sangiran,Java.

Question 15

Homo habilis is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A) long,modern legs. 
B) short legs. 
C) striding gait. 
D) both A and C 
A) long,modern legs. 
B) short legs. 
C) striding gait. 
D) both A and C

Question 16

Physical anthropologists estimate that on average,Homo erectus:

Accepted Answer

A) was more than 70% taller than Homo habilis. 
B) was similar in size to australopithecines. 
C) was tall,with males about 5'9'' and females about 5'3''. 
D) none of the above 
A) was more than 70% taller than Homo habilis. 
B) was similar in size to australopithecines. 
C) was tall,with males about 5'9'' and females about 5'3''. 
D) none of the above

Question 17

The Daka Member,Ethiopia is a prime example of:

Accepted Answer

A) the utility of material culture to manipulate the environment. 
B) the importance of environmental reconstruction for better understanding of hominid fossils. 
C) how fire affected digestion in early hominids. 
D) all of the above 
A) the utility of material culture to manipulate the environment. 
B) the importance of environmental reconstruction for better understanding of hominid fossils. 
C) how fire affected digestion in early hominids. 
D) all of the above

Question 18

Relative to Oldowan tools,Acheulean stone tools:

Accepted Answer

A) had a narrower range of functions. 
B) used fewer raw materials. 
C) were characterized by fewer tool types. 
D) required more learning and skill to produce. 
A) had a narrower range of functions. 
B) used fewer raw materials. 
C) were characterized by fewer tool types. 
D) required more learning and skill to produce.

Question 19

Homo rudolfensis is most similar in overall morphology to:

Accepted Answer

A) Homo erectus. 
B) Homo sapiens. 
C) Homo habilis. 
D) Australopithecus robustus. 
A) Homo erectus. 
B) Homo sapiens. 
C) Homo habilis. 
D) Australopithecus robustus.

Question 20

Reconstruction of habitats at sites that existed in southern and eastern Africa 2.5 mya suggests:

Accepted Answer

A) the spread of C3 plants. 
B) reduction both in habitat types and in dietary diversity. 
C) a more frequent use of tools for the digging and processing of roots and tubers. 
D) none of the above 
A) the spread of C3 plants. 
B) reduction both in habitat types and in dietary diversity. 
C) a more frequent use of tools for the digging and processing of roots and tubers. 
D) none of the above

Describe Homo erectus's cranial and postcranial anatomical characteristics.How is this species significantly different from earlier hominids?

Analysis of Homo erectus teeth found at Zhoukoudian suggests that controlled use of fire allowed this species to:

Homo habilis used Acheulian hand axes.

Evidence from the Nariokotome Boy suggests that modern human growth patterns were already present in Homo erectus.

The many stone tools,fragmentary animal bones,and teeth found at Gran Dolina,Spain,indicate that hominids there:

Discuss the fossil and archaeological evidence for the varying importance of scavenging and hunting among Homo habilis and Homo erectus.

Gran Dolina adult hominids were similar to later Homo sapiens in their:

Classic Homo erectus cranial features include all of the following EXCEPT:

Greater body size and facial gracility documented in Homo erectus are likely related to:

The Zhoukoudian fossils belonged to the species Homo habilis.

Hominid fossils indicate which of the following differences between Homo habilis and Homo erectus?

Relative to earlier hominids,Homo erectus is marked by:

Effective and regular access to high-quality protein likely required:

Evidence of cannibalism among early hominids is found at:

Homo habilis is characterized by:

Physical anthropologists estimate that on average,Homo erectus:

The Daka Member,Ethiopia is a prime example of:

Relative to Oldowan tools,Acheulean stone tools:

Homo rudolfensis is most similar in overall morphology to:

Reconstruction of habitats at sites that existed in southern and eastern Africa 2.5 mya suggests:

What Is Physical Anthropology

Evolution: Constructing a Fundamental Scientific Theory

Genetics: Reproducing Life and Producing Variation

Genes and Their Evolution: Population Genetics

Biology in the Present: Living People

Biology in the Present: The Other Living Primates

Primate Sociality, social Behavior, and Culture

Fossils and Their Place in Time and Nature

Primate Origins and Evolution: The First 50 Million Years

Early Hominid Origins and Evolution: The Roots of Humanity

The Origins,evolution,and Dispersal of Modern People

Our Last 10, 000 Years: Agriculture, population, and the Bioarchaeology of a Fundamental Transition

Evolution: Today and Tomorrow

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Exam 11: The Origins and Evolution of Early Homo

Describe Homo erectus's cranial and postcranial anatomical characteristics.How is this species significantly different from earlier hominids?

Analysis of Homo erectus teeth found at Zhoukoudian suggests that controlled use of fire allowed this species to:

Homo habilis used Acheulian hand axes.

Evidence from the Nariokotome Boy suggests that modern human growth patterns were already present in Homo erectus.

The many stone tools,fragmentary animal bones,and teeth found at Gran Dolina,Spain,indicate that hominids there:

Discuss the fossil and archaeological evidence for the varying importance of scavenging and hunting among Homo habilis and Homo erectus.

Gran Dolina adult hominids were similar to later Homo sapiens in their:

Classic Homo erectus cranial features include all of the following EXCEPT:

Greater body size and facial gracility documented in Homo erectus are likely related to:

The Zhoukoudian fossils belonged to the species Homo habilis.

Hominid fossils indicate which of the following differences between Homo habilis and Homo erectus?

Relative to earlier hominids,Homo erectus is marked by:

Effective and regular access to high-quality protein likely required:

Evidence of cannibalism among early hominids is found at:

Homo habilis is characterized by:

Physical anthropologists estimate that on average,Homo erectus:

The Daka Member,Ethiopia is a prime example of:

Relative to Oldowan tools,Acheulean stone tools:

Homo rudolfensis is most similar in overall morphology to:

Reconstruction of habitats at sites that existed in southern and eastern Africa 2.5 mya suggests:

What Is Physical Anthropology

Evolution: Constructing a Fundamental Scientific Theory

Genetics: Reproducing Life and Producing Variation

Genes and Their Evolution: Population Genetics

Biology in the Present: Living People

Biology in the Present: The Other Living Primates

Primate Sociality, social Behavior, and Culture

Fossils and Their Place in Time and Nature

Primate Origins and Evolution: The First 50 Million Years

Early Hominid Origins and Evolution: The Roots of Humanity

The Origins,evolution,and Dispersal of Modern People

Our Last 10, 000 Years: Agriculture, population, and the Bioarchaeology of a Fundamental Transition

Evolution: Today and Tomorrow

Filters