Question 1

In the Miller and DiCara experiments on the operant conditioning of heart rate,the rats were given curare

Accepted Answer

A) to make them unconscious 
B) to immobilize the skeletal muscles 
C) as a pain-killer 
D) all of the above 
A) to make them unconscious 
B) to immobilize the skeletal muscles 
C) as a pain-killer 
D) all of the above B

Question 2

Evidence that animals learn to expect a certain type of reinforcer in an operant conditioning situation comes from studies that

Accepted Answer

A) trained two responses with two different reinforcers,then associated one of the two reinforcers with poison 
B) trained two responses with two different reinforcers,then satiated the animals with one of the reinforcers 
C) changed the type of reinforcer and found that animals looked "surprised" 
D) all of the above 
A) trained two responses with two different reinforcers,then associated one of the two reinforcers with poison 
B) trained two responses with two different reinforcers,then satiated the animals with one of the reinforcers 
C) changed the type of reinforcer and found that animals looked "surprised" 
D) all of the above D

Question 3

Which of the following groups was not included in the Tolman and Honzik experiment on latent learning-

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement on every trial 
B) no reinforcement on any trial 
C) no reinforcement in the first part of the experiment,then reinforcement on every trial 
D) reinforcement on every trial in the first part of the experiment,then no reinforcement in the second part 
A) reinforcement on every trial 
B) no reinforcement on any trial 
C) no reinforcement in the first part of the experiment,then reinforcement on every trial 
D) reinforcement on every trial in the first part of the experiment,then no reinforcement in the second part D

Question 4

Using neurofeedback for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder involves giving the children

Accepted Answer

A) feedback to increase brain-wave patterns associated with relaxation 
B) feedback to increase brain-wave patterns associated with alertness 
C) feedback to reduce muscle tension in the forehead 
D) feedback to reduce bodily movements 
A) feedback to increase brain-wave patterns associated with relaxation 
B) feedback to increase brain-wave patterns associated with alertness 
C) feedback to reduce muscle tension in the forehead 
D) feedback to reduce bodily movements

Question 5

One research finding that poses a problem for Premack's principle is that

Accepted Answer

A) a behavior that acts as a reinforcer in one context may not be a reinforcer in another context 
B) a behavior that acts as a punisher in one context may not be a punisher in another context 
C) more probable behaviors can sometimes reinforce less probable behaviors 
D) less probable behaviors can sometimes reinforce more probable behaviors 
A) a behavior that acts as a reinforcer in one context may not be a reinforcer in another context 
B) a behavior that acts as a punisher in one context may not be a punisher in another context 
C) more probable behaviors can sometimes reinforce less probable behaviors 
D) less probable behaviors can sometimes reinforce more probable behaviors

Question 6

According to response-deprivation theory,a less probable behavior

Accepted Answer

A) can never reinforce a more probable behavior 
B) can never punish a more probable behavior 
C) may reinforce a more probable behavior if access to the less probable behavior is severely restricted 
D) may reinforce a more probable behavior if access to the more probable behavior is severely restricted 
A) can never reinforce a more probable behavior 
B) can never punish a more probable behavior 
C) may reinforce a more probable behavior if access to the less probable behavior is severely restricted 
D) may reinforce a more probable behavior if access to the more probable behavior is severely restricted

Question 7

One-factor theorists have suggested that reinforcement

Accepted Answer

A) is at work in both classical and operant conditioning 
B) is at work in classical but not operant conditioning 
C) is at work in operant but not classical conditioning 
D) is at work in neither classical nor operant conditioning 
A) is at work in both classical and operant conditioning 
B) is at work in classical but not operant conditioning 
C) is at work in operant but not classical conditioning 
D) is at work in neither classical nor operant conditioning

Question 8

According to optimization theory,the best strategy for a predator searching for prey is to

Accepted Answer

A) pursue any prey it encounters when food is scarce 
B) pursue any prey it encounters when food is plentiful 
C) pursue only large prey when food is scarce 
D) pursue only small prey when food is scarce 
A) pursue any prey it encounters when food is scarce 
B) pursue any prey it encounters when food is plentiful 
C) pursue only large prey when food is scarce 
D) pursue only small prey when food is scarce

Question 9

A problem with research on the use of EMG biofeedback to reduce tension headaches is that

Accepted Answer

A) some patients cannot learn to relax their forehead muscles with the EMG equipment 
B) patients can only relax their forehead muscles when connected to the biofeedback equipment 
C) the EMG biofeedback produced only temporary improvement 
D) none of the above 
A) some patients cannot learn to relax their forehead muscles with the EMG equipment 
B) patients can only relax their forehead muscles when connected to the biofeedback equipment 
C) the EMG biofeedback produced only temporary improvement 
D) none of the above

Question 10

In their experiments on the operant conditioning of heart rate,Miller and DiCara

Accepted Answer

A) were able to reinforce heart-rate increases 
B) were able to reinforce heart-rate decreases 
C) were able to control heart rate with a discriminative stimulus 
D) all of the above 
A) were able to reinforce heart-rate increases 
B) were able to reinforce heart-rate decreases 
C) were able to control heart rate with a discriminative stimulus 
D) all of the above

Question 11

Giving an animal a chance to drink sweetened water might reinforce a lower-probability behavior but not reinforce a higher-probability behavior.Such a finding would be evidence against

Accepted Answer

A) drive-reduction theory 
B) trans-situationality 
C) Premack's principle 
D) response-deprivation theory 
A) drive-reduction theory 
B) trans-situationality 
C) Premack's principle 
D) response-deprivation theory

Question 12

The key feature of all types of biofeedback is the use of

Accepted Answer

A) progressive relaxation techniques 
B) positive reinforcement 
C) information about bodily processes a person normally does not have 
D) measuring muscle tension 
A) progressive relaxation techniques 
B) positive reinforcement 
C) information about bodily processes a person normally does not have 
D) measuring muscle tension

Question 13

In conducting a functional analysis to determine why a child with a developmental disability frequently performs some bizarre behavior,a therapist might do all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) give the child a tangible reinforcer when the bizarre behavior occurs 
B) observe whether the bizarre behavior occurs when the child is alone 
C) give the child attention when the bizarre behavior occurs 
D) record the child's brain waves when the bizarre behavior occurs 
A) give the child a tangible reinforcer when the bizarre behavior occurs 
B) observe whether the bizarre behavior occurs when the child is alone 
C) give the child attention when the bizarre behavior occurs 
D) record the child's brain waves when the bizarre behavior occurs

Question 14

When all behaviors can occur freely,a child spends 30 minutes playing with blocks,15 minutes playing with crayons,and 5 minutes playing with a truck.Suppose the child is required to play with the blocks and the crayons for equal amounts of time.Premack's principle predicts that

Accepted Answer

A) the time spent playing with blocks will be more than 30 minutes 
B) the time spent playing with crayons will be more than 15 minutes 
C) the time spent playing with crayons will be less than 15 minutes 
D) none of the above 
A) the time spent playing with blocks will be more than 30 minutes 
B) the time spent playing with crayons will be more than 15 minutes 
C) the time spent playing with crayons will be less than 15 minutes 
D) none of the above

Question 15

Some one-factor theorists have claimed that visceral responses such as heart rate

Accepted Answer

A) can be controlled by operant conditioning 
B) can be controlled by classical but not operant conditioning 
C) can be controlled by punishment but not reinforcement 
D) none of the above 
A) can be controlled by operant conditioning 
B) can be controlled by classical but not operant conditioning 
C) can be controlled by punishment but not reinforcement 
D) none of the above

Question 16

Need-reduction theory cannot explain why

Accepted Answer

A) food is a reinforcer 
B) water is a reinforcer 
C) saccharine is a reinforcer 
D) warmth is a reinforcer 
A) food is a reinforcer 
B) water is a reinforcer 
C) saccharine is a reinforcer 
D) warmth is a reinforcer

Question 17

An advantage of applying Premack's principle in behavior modification is that

Accepted Answer

A) one does not have to watch the patient to decide what reinforcer to use 
B) one does not always have to use physical items as reinforcers 
C) activities are stronger reinforcers than physical items 
D) all of the above 
A) one does not have to watch the patient to decide what reinforcer to use 
B) one does not always have to use physical items as reinforcers 
C) activities are stronger reinforcers than physical items 
D) all of the above

Question 18

Functional analysis of unusual behaviors,such as self-injurious behavior,has shown that these behaviors sometimes occur because

Accepted Answer

A) they are reinforced with attention 
B) they may produce automatic reinforcement 
C) they may be reinforced by escape from unpleasant tasks 
D) all of the above 
A) they are reinforced with attention 
B) they may produce automatic reinforcement 
C) they may be reinforced by escape from unpleasant tasks 
D) all of the above

Question 19

Drive-reduction theory cannot explain why

Accepted Answer

A) food is a reinforcer 
B) water is a reinforcer 
C) removal of a painful stimulus is a reinforcer 
D) sexual foreplay is a reinforcer 
A) food is a reinforcer 
B) water is a reinforcer 
C) removal of a painful stimulus is a reinforcer 
D) sexual foreplay is a reinforcer

Question 20

The fact that sky diving can be a reinforcer contradicts

Accepted Answer

A) need-reduction theory 
B) drive-reduction theory 
C) both a and b 
D) neither a nor b 
A) need-reduction theory 
B) drive-reduction theory 
C) both a and b 
D) neither a nor b

In the Miller and DiCara experiments on the operant conditioning of heart rate,the rats were given curare

Evidence that animals learn to expect a certain type of reinforcer in an operant conditioning situation comes from studies that

Which of the following groups was not included in the Tolman and Honzik experiment on latent learning-

Using neurofeedback for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder involves giving the children

One research finding that poses a problem for Premack's principle is that

According to response-deprivation theory,a less probable behavior

One-factor theorists have suggested that reinforcement

According to optimization theory,the best strategy for a predator searching for prey is to

A problem with research on the use of EMG biofeedback to reduce tension headaches is that

In their experiments on the operant conditioning of heart rate,Miller and DiCara

Giving an animal a chance to drink sweetened water might reinforce a lower-probability behavior but not reinforce a higher-probability behavior.Such a finding would be evidence against

The key feature of all types of biofeedback is the use of

In conducting a functional analysis to determine why a child with a developmental disability frequently performs some bizarre behavior,a therapist might do all of the following except

When all behaviors can occur freely,a child spends 30 minutes playing with blocks,15 minutes playing with crayons,and 5 minutes playing with a truck.Suppose the child is required to play with the blocks and the crayons for equal amounts of time.Premack's principle predicts that

Some one-factor theorists have claimed that visceral responses such as heart rate

Need-reduction theory cannot explain why

An advantage of applying Premack's principle in behavior modification is that

Functional analysis of unusual behaviors,such as self-injurious behavior,has shown that these behaviors sometimes occur because

Drive-reduction theory cannot explain why

The fact that sky diving can be a reinforcer contradicts

History, background, and Basic Concepts

Innate Behavior Patterns and Habituation

Basic Principles of Classical Conditioning

Theories and Research on Classical Conditioning

Basic Principles of Operant Conditioning

Reinforcement Schedules: Experimental Analyses and Applications

Avoidance and Punishment

Stimulus Control and Concept Learning

Comparative Cognition

Learning by Observation

Learning Motor Skills

Choice

Filters

Exam 8: Theories and Research on Operant Conditioning

In the Miller and DiCara experiments on the operant conditioning of heart rate,the rats were given curare

Evidence that animals learn to expect a certain type of reinforcer in an operant conditioning situation comes from studies that

Which of the following groups was not included in the Tolman and Honzik experiment on latent learning-

Using neurofeedback for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder involves giving the children

One research finding that poses a problem for Premack's principle is that

According to response-deprivation theory,a less probable behavior

One-factor theorists have suggested that reinforcement

According to optimization theory,the best strategy for a predator searching for prey is to

A problem with research on the use of EMG biofeedback to reduce tension headaches is that

In their experiments on the operant conditioning of heart rate,Miller and DiCara

Giving an animal a chance to drink sweetened water might reinforce a lower-probability behavior but not reinforce a higher-probability behavior.Such a finding would be evidence against

The key feature of all types of biofeedback is the use of

In conducting a functional analysis to determine why a child with a developmental disability frequently performs some bizarre behavior,a therapist might do all of the following except

When all behaviors can occur freely,a child spends 30 minutes playing with blocks,15 minutes playing with crayons,and 5 minutes playing with a truck.Suppose the child is required to play with the blocks and the crayons for equal amounts of time.Premack's principle predicts that

Some one-factor theorists have claimed that visceral responses such as heart rate

Need-reduction theory cannot explain why

An advantage of applying Premack's principle in behavior modification is that

Functional analysis of unusual behaviors,such as self-injurious behavior,has shown that these behaviors sometimes occur because

Drive-reduction theory cannot explain why

The fact that sky diving can be a reinforcer contradicts

History, background, and Basic Concepts

Innate Behavior Patterns and Habituation

Basic Principles of Classical Conditioning

Theories and Research on Classical Conditioning

Basic Principles of Operant Conditioning

Reinforcement Schedules: Experimental Analyses and Applications

Avoidance and Punishment

Stimulus Control and Concept Learning

Comparative Cognition

Learning by Observation

Learning Motor Skills

Choice

Filters