Question 1

According to the textbook,what is the primary issue surrounding the Neil v.Biggers (1972)case in relation to eyewitness accuracy?

Accepted Answer

A)  the fact that the court stated that confidence of the witness should be seen as an indicator of accuracy 
B)  the fact that the witness was hypnotized and thus the information provided should not be admissible as accurate evidence in the trial 
C)  the fact that the witness was given a simultaneous rather than a sequential lineup 
D)  the fact that the witness was a child and thus the accuracy of her judgment was questionable 
E)  none of the above 
A)  the fact that the court stated that confidence of the witness should be seen as an indicator of accuracy 
B)  the fact that the witness was hypnotized and thus the information provided should not be admissible as accurate evidence in the trial 
C)  the fact that the witness was given a simultaneous rather than a sequential lineup 
D)  the fact that the witness was a child and thus the accuracy of her judgment was questionable 
E)  none of the above

Question 2

State two difficulties with the use of hypnosis in the eyewitness context.

Accepted Answer

-Individuals who are hypnotized recall m

Question 3

In general terms,how does the enhanced cognitive interview differ from the original cognitive interview?
Name and define three of the five techniques specific to the enhanced cognitive interview.

Accepted Answer

-The enhanced cognitive interview includ

Question 4

According to the text,when an eyewitness simultaneously compares lineup members to one another and then makes a decision based on who they believe looks most like the culprit,they are making:

Accepted Answer

A)  an absolute judgment 
B)  a false judgment 
C)  a relative judgment 
D)  a correct acceptance 
E)  none of the above 
A)  an absolute judgment 
B)  a false judgment 
C)  a relative judgment 
D)  a correct acceptance 
E)  none of the above

Question 5

According to the text,which lineup procedure is considered most suggestive and is reserved only for certain extenuating circumstances?

Accepted Answer

A)  a showup 
B)  a simultaneous lineup 
C)  a sequential lineup 
D)  a walk-by 
E)  an elimination lineup 
A)  a showup 
B)  a simultaneous lineup 
C)  a sequential lineup 
D)  a walk-by 
E)  an elimination lineup

Question 6

Which of the following would be considered an estimator variable in eyewitness research?

Accepted Answer

A)  how light it was outside when the crime was witnessed 
B)  the room where the witness was interviewed 
C)  the number of police officers present during the interview 
D)  the time of day when the witness was interviewed 
E)  the type of lineup presented to the witness 
A)  how light it was outside when the crime was witnessed 
B)  the room where the witness was interviewed 
C)  the number of police officers present during the interview 
D)  the time of day when the witness was interviewed 
E)  the type of lineup presented to the witness

Question 7

Which of the following statements is not correct concerning the outcome of hypnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  More information is recalled. 
B)  Participants report relatively more accurate information and less inaccurate information. 
C)  Participants express a high degree of confidence in their memory reports. 
D)  It is not possible to determine which statements are erroneous and which are correct. 
E)  Age regression can be a technique used in hypnosis. 
A)  More information is recalled. 
B)  Participants report relatively more accurate information and less inaccurate information. 
C)  Participants express a high degree of confidence in their memory reports. 
D)  It is not possible to determine which statements are erroneous and which are correct. 
E)  Age regression can be a technique used in hypnosis.

Question 8

What has not been identified as a limitation of the standard police interview?

Accepted Answer

A)  asking brief, direct questions 
B)  mixing visual and auditory questions 
C)  asking questions in a random order 
D)  asking very broad questions 
E)  frequent interruptions 
A)  asking brief, direct questions 
B)  mixing visual and auditory questions 
C)  asking questions in a random order 
D)  asking very broad questions 
E)  frequent interruptions

Question 9

What is the major implication of the studies conducted on the misinformation effect in eyewitness research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Memory is like a videotape. 
B)  Witnesses yield to authority. 
C)  Memory is reconstructive. 
D)  Witnesses recall information accurately when under stress. 
E)  Memory typically gets better as witnesses get older. 
A)  Memory is like a videotape. 
B)  Witnesses yield to authority. 
C)  Memory is reconstructive. 
D)  Witnesses recall information accurately when under stress. 
E)  Memory typically gets better as witnesses get older.

Question 10

List the correct decisions associated with both target-present and target-absent lineups.Also,list the potential errors that can be made in the lineup identification process and whether these errors are known or unknown to the police.

Accepted Answer

-Target-present lineup: The correct deci

Question 11

What is the critical difference between a simultaneous lineup and a sequential lineup?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sequential lineups typically involve biased instructions. 
B)  Sequential lineups require absolute judgments. 
C)  Simultaneous lineups require absolute judgments. 
D)  Simultaneous lineups typically include more foils. 
E)  Sequential lineups require relative judgments. 
A)  Sequential lineups typically involve biased instructions. 
B)  Sequential lineups require absolute judgments. 
C)  Simultaneous lineups require absolute judgments. 
D)  Simultaneous lineups typically include more foils. 
E)  Sequential lineups require relative judgments.

Question 12

Which of the following has been proposed as criticism of eyewitness research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eyewitness experts tend to be overconfident. 
B)  Most of the eyewitness studies recruit university students as participants. 
C)  A number of studies that have examined the same issues have reported discrepant results. 
D)  In eyewitness research, the time allotted for the participants (mock eyewitnesses) to view the culprit is too limited in comparison to real life. 
E)  all of the above 
A)  Eyewitness experts tend to be overconfident. 
B)  Most of the eyewitness studies recruit university students as participants. 
C)  A number of studies that have examined the same issues have reported discrepant results. 
D)  In eyewitness research, the time allotted for the participants (mock eyewitnesses) to view the culprit is too limited in comparison to real life. 
E)  all of the above

Question 13

When presented with a target-absent lineup,older adults (over 60 years of age)tend to make ______________ correct identifications and __________________ correct rejections compared to younger adults.

Accepted Answer

A)  fewer/more 
B)  more/fewer 
C)  a similar number of/fewer 
D)  fewer/a similar number of 
E)  a similar number of/more 
A)  fewer/more 
B)  more/fewer 
C)  a similar number of/fewer 
D)  fewer/a similar number of 
E)  a similar number of/more

Question 14

Describing the actions of a culprit during a police interview relies on ______________,while identifying the culprit's voice from a set of voices relies on __________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  narrative memory/refreshed memory 
B)  recall memory/recognition memory 
C)  natural memory/prompted memory 
D)  open-ended memory/direct question memory 
E)  none of the above 
A)  narrative memory/refreshed memory 
B)  recall memory/recognition memory 
C)  natural memory/prompted memory 
D)  open-ended memory/direct question memory 
E)  none of the above

Question 15

What typically happens when the eyewitness is told that the culprit may or may not be present in the lineup?

Accepted Answer

A)  False positive identifications increase. 
B)  False positive identifications decrease. 
C)  Correct identifications increase. 
D)  Correct identifications decrease. 
E)  These instructions have no impact on identifications. 
A)  False positive identifications increase. 
B)  False positive identifications decrease. 
C)  Correct identifications increase. 
D)  Correct identifications decrease. 
E)  These instructions have no impact on identifications.

Question 16

What is the most common research method for studying eyewitness issues?

Accepted Answer

A)  field study 
B)  archival research 
C)  laboratory simulation study 
D)  recall study 
E)  recognition study 
A)  field study 
B)  archival research 
C)  laboratory simulation study 
D)  recall study 
E)  recognition study

Question 17

An eyewitness is exposed to a target-present lineup and identifies someone from the lineup that the police know did not commit the crime.What sort of decision has this eyewitness just made?

Accepted Answer

A)  a correct identification 
B)  a false rejection 
C)  a foil identification 
D)  a correct rejection 
E)  none of the above 
A)  a correct identification 
B)  a false rejection 
C)  a foil identification 
D)  a correct rejection 
E)  none of the above

Question 18

What increases the likelihood that innocent suspects may be wrongfully identified in a lineup?

Accepted Answer

A)  having the suspect wear similar clothing to that worn by the culprit 
B)  implying the criminal is in the lineup 
C)  asking the witness specifically about the suspect and not about the other lineup members 
D)  using a simultaneous lineup procedure 
E)  all of the above 
A)  having the suspect wear similar clothing to that worn by the culprit 
B)  implying the criminal is in the lineup 
C)  asking the witness specifically about the suspect and not about the other lineup members 
D)  using a simultaneous lineup procedure 
E)  all of the above

Question 19

What is the difference between a suspect and a culprit?

Accepted Answer

A)  The terms suspect and culprit can be used interchangeably; they mean the same thing. 
B)  A suspect is innocent and a culprit is guilty. 
C)  A suspect is guilty and a culprit is innocent. 
D)  A suspect can be guilty or innocent whereas a culprit is guilty. 
E)  A suspect is innocent and a culprit can be innocent or guilty. 
A)  The terms suspect and culprit can be used interchangeably; they mean the same thing. 
B)  A suspect is innocent and a culprit is guilty. 
C)  A suspect is guilty and a culprit is innocent. 
D)  A suspect can be guilty or innocent whereas a culprit is guilty. 
E)  A suspect is innocent and a culprit can be innocent or guilty.

Question 20

Define the misinformation effect within the context of eyewitness research.In addition,fully describe the three most common explanations for this effect.

Accepted Answer

-The misinformation effect refers to the

According to the textbook,what is the primary issue surrounding the Neil v.Biggers (1972)case in relation to eyewitness accuracy?

State two difficulties with the use of hypnosis in the eyewitness context.

In general terms,how does the enhanced cognitive interview differ from the original cognitive interview? Name and define three of the five techniques specific to the enhanced cognitive interview.

According to the text,when an eyewitness simultaneously compares lineup members to one another and then makes a decision based on who they believe looks most like the culprit,they are making:

According to the text,which lineup procedure is considered most suggestive and is reserved only for certain extenuating circumstances?

Which of the following would be considered an estimator variable in eyewitness research?

Which of the following statements is not correct concerning the outcome of hypnosis?

What has not been identified as a limitation of the standard police interview?

What is the major implication of the studies conducted on the misinformation effect in eyewitness research?

List the correct decisions associated with both target-present and target-absent lineups.Also,list the potential errors that can be made in the lineup identification process and whether these errors are known or unknown to the police.

What is the critical difference between a simultaneous lineup and a sequential lineup?

Which of the following has been proposed as criticism of eyewitness research?

When presented with a target-absent lineup,older adults (over 60 years of age)tend to make correct identifications and ____ correct rejections compared to younger adults.

Describing the actions of a culprit during a police interview relies on ,while identifying the culprit's voice from a set of voices relies on ____.

What typically happens when the eyewitness is told that the culprit may or may not be present in the lineup?

What is the most common research method for studying eyewitness issues?

An eyewitness is exposed to a target-present lineup and identifies someone from the lineup that the police know did not commit the crime.What sort of decision has this eyewitness just made?

What increases the likelihood that innocent suspects may be wrongfully identified in a lineup?

What is the difference between a suspect and a culprit?

Define the misinformation effect within the context of eyewitness research.In addition,fully describe the three most common explanations for this effect.

An Introduction to Forensic Psychology

Police Psychology

The Psychology of Police Investigations

Deception

Child Victims and Witnesses

Juries: Fact Finders

The Role of Mental Illness in Court

Sentencing and Parole in Canada

Risk Assessment

Psychopaths

Assessment and Treatment of Young Offenders

Intimate Partner Violence

Sexual Offenders

Filters

Exam 5: Eyewitness Testimony

According to the textbook,what is the primary issue surrounding the Neil v.Biggers (1972)case in relation to eyewitness accuracy?

State two difficulties with the use of hypnosis in the eyewitness context.

In general terms,how does the enhanced cognitive interview differ from the original cognitive interview? Name and define three of the five techniques specific to the enhanced cognitive interview.

According to the text,when an eyewitness simultaneously compares lineup members to one another and then makes a decision based on who they believe looks most like the culprit,they are making:

According to the text,which lineup procedure is considered most suggestive and is reserved only for certain extenuating circumstances?

Which of the following would be considered an estimator variable in eyewitness research?

Which of the following statements is not correct concerning the outcome of hypnosis?

What has not been identified as a limitation of the standard police interview?

What is the major implication of the studies conducted on the misinformation effect in eyewitness research?

List the correct decisions associated with both target-present and target-absent lineups.Also,list the potential errors that can be made in the lineup identification process and whether these errors are known or unknown to the police.

What is the critical difference between a simultaneous lineup and a sequential lineup?

Which of the following has been proposed as criticism of eyewitness research?

When presented with a target-absent lineup,older adults (over 60 years of age)tend to make ______________ correct identifications and __________________ correct rejections compared to younger adults.

Describing the actions of a culprit during a police interview relies on ______________,while identifying the culprit's voice from a set of voices relies on __________________.

What typically happens when the eyewitness is told that the culprit may or may not be present in the lineup?

What is the most common research method for studying eyewitness issues?

An eyewitness is exposed to a target-present lineup and identifies someone from the lineup that the police know did not commit the crime.What sort of decision has this eyewitness just made?

What increases the likelihood that innocent suspects may be wrongfully identified in a lineup?

What is the difference between a suspect and a culprit?

Define the misinformation effect within the context of eyewitness research.In addition,fully describe the three most common explanations for this effect.

An Introduction to Forensic Psychology

Police Psychology

The Psychology of Police Investigations

Deception

Child Victims and Witnesses

Juries: Fact Finders

The Role of Mental Illness in Court

Sentencing and Parole in Canada

Risk Assessment

Psychopaths

Assessment and Treatment of Young Offenders

Intimate Partner Violence

Sexual Offenders

Filters

When presented with a target-absent lineup,older adults (over 60 years of age)tend to make correct identifications and ____ correct rejections compared to younger adults.

Describing the actions of a culprit during a police interview relies on ,while identifying the culprit's voice from a set of voices relies on ____.