Exam 4: General Issues In Research Design

If a researcher is concerned with whether their findings can be generalized to another population or environment,the researcher is expressing concerns about __________-validity.

Rather than trying to exclude or control possible outside influences,_______________ studies show such influences are involved in cause-and-effect relationships.

Prospective studies are completed quickly since you only have to ask people to project what they would do or how they will act in the future.

Interests,ideas, ,______________and new programs are all possible beginning points for a line of research.

Which of the following -refers to the danger of making assertions about individuals as the unit of analysis based on the examination of groups or other aggregations?

___________,units,and time are key elements in planning a research study.

It is necessary to be charged before one can be convicted.This statement is representative of:

Identify four threats to validity discussed in your text.Give an example of each.

Valerie was interested in studying neighborhood anticrime organizations.She observed the activities of a neighborhood anticrime organization from the time of its inception until the time of its demise.Valerie's study was

Marvin Wolfgang's study of males born in Philadelphia in 1945 was an attempt to measure delinquency by following those males from their 10ᵗʰ birthday until they were 18.This is an example of what type of study?

A researcher compared the recidivism rates of drug abusers that were given probation with those that were sentenced to prison and discovered that the recidivism rates were highest for those given prison.What potential error is reflected by this conclusion?

Research that aims to measure the recidivism rates for youths participating in a new boot camp program after its first year in operation may use the_________ type of study.

The idea that two variables must vary together (i.e.must be empirically correlated)-is a nomothetic explanation of causality.

In research such as that done by the National Crime Victimization Survey the_________ study technique is most frequently employed.

A(n)_____________ cause is a condition that more or less guarantees the effect in question.

Rather than try to exclude or otherwise control possible outside influences,scientific realism studies how such influences are involved in

Another word for an exploratory research study is:

Systematic error would be found in what type of validity problem?

Which of the following would serve as an example of a cross sectional study?

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a cross-sectional study?