Question 1

Ions can move across the plasma membrane in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

A) through voltage-gated channels as in the action potential 
B) through passive or leak channels 
C) by ATP-dependent ion pumps like the sodium-potassium exchange pump 
D) through chemically gated channels as in neuromuscular transmission 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) through voltage-gated channels as in the action potential 
B) through passive or leak channels 
C) by ATP-dependent ion pumps like the sodium-potassium exchange pump 
D) through chemically gated channels as in neuromuscular transmission 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 2

Which of the following is not true regarding the establishment of a neuron's resting potential?

Accepted Answer

A) Chemical and electrical forces both favor sodium ions entering the cell. 
B) Electrical forces push sodium ions into the cell. 
C) The chemical gradient for potassium ions tends to drive them out of the cell. 
D) Ion pumps in the plasma membrane eject sodium ions as fast as they cross the membrane. 
E) Resting membrane permeability to Na⁺ is very low. 
A) Chemical and electrical forces both favor sodium ions entering the cell. 
B) Electrical forces push sodium ions into the cell. 
C) The chemical gradient for potassium ions tends to drive them out of the cell. 
D) Ion pumps in the plasma membrane eject sodium ions as fast as they cross the membrane. 
E) Resting membrane permeability to Na⁺ is very low.

Question 3

Which of the following is not a function of the neuroglia?

Accepted Answer

A) support 
B) memory 
C) secretion of cerebrospinal fluid 
D) maintenance of blood-brain barrier 
E) phagocytosis 
A) support 
B) memory 
C) secretion of cerebrospinal fluid 
D) maintenance of blood-brain barrier 
E) phagocytosis

Question 4

How does blocking retrograde axoplasmic transport in an axon affect the activity of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A) The neuron becomes unable to produce neurotransmitters. 
B) The neuron becomes unable to produce action potentials. 
C) The soma becomes unable to export products to the synaptic terminals. 
D) The soma becomes unable to respond to changes in the distal end of the axon. 
E) The neuron becomes unable to depolarize when stimulated. 
A) The neuron becomes unable to produce neurotransmitters. 
B) The neuron becomes unable to produce action potentials. 
C) The soma becomes unable to export products to the synaptic terminals. 
D) The soma becomes unable to respond to changes in the distal end of the axon. 
E) The neuron becomes unable to depolarize when stimulated.

Question 5

Type ________ fibers have the largest diameter axons.

Accepted Answer

A) S 
B) F 
C) A 
D) B 
E) C 
A) S 
B) F 
C) A 
D) B 
E) C

Question 6

How would a chemical that prevents the opening of voltage-regulated Na+ channels affect the function of a neuron?

Accepted Answer

A) The neuron will only be able to hyperpolarize. 
B) The neuron will depolarize more rapidly. 
C) Action potentials will lack a repolarization phase. 
D) The neuron will automatically and repeatedly produce graded potentials. 
E) The neuron will only be capable of producing graded potentials. 
A) The neuron will only be able to hyperpolarize. 
B) The neuron will depolarize more rapidly. 
C) Action potentials will lack a repolarization phase. 
D) The neuron will automatically and repeatedly produce graded potentials. 
E) The neuron will only be capable of producing graded potentials.

Question 7

The plasma membrane of an axon is called the

Accepted Answer

A) axon terminal. 
B) neurilemma. 
C) myelin sheath. 
D) sarcolemma. 
E) axolemma. 
A) axon terminal. 
B) neurilemma. 
C) myelin sheath. 
D) sarcolemma. 
E) axolemma.

Question 8

The effect that a neurotransmitter has on the postsynaptic membrane depends on the

Accepted Answer

A) frequency of neurotransmitter release. 
B) nature of the neurotransmitter. 
C) characteristics of the receptors. 
D) quantity of neurotransmitters released. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) frequency of neurotransmitter release. 
B) nature of the neurotransmitter. 
C) characteristics of the receptors. 
D) quantity of neurotransmitters released. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 9

The buildup of depolarization when EPSPs arrive in rapid succession is called ________ summation.

Accepted Answer

A) temporal 
B) spatial 
C) electrical 
D) chemical 
E) perforal 
A) temporal 
B) spatial 
C) electrical 
D) chemical 
E) perforal

Question 10

When pressure is applied to neural tissue,all of the following effects are possible except

Accepted Answer

A) a decrease in blood flow. 
B) a decrease in available oxygen. 
C) a change in neuron excitability 
D) glial cells degenerate. 
E) neurons are triggered to divide. 
A) a decrease in blood flow. 
B) a decrease in available oxygen. 
C) a change in neuron excitability 
D) glial cells degenerate. 
E) neurons are triggered to divide.

Question 11

The ________ division of the nervous system carries motor commands to muscles and glands.

Accepted Answer

A) spinal 
B) peripheral 
C) autonomic 
D) afferent 
E) efferent 
A) spinal 
B) peripheral 
C) autonomic 
D) afferent 
E) efferent

Question 12

In which of the following would the rate of impulse conduction be the greatest?

Accepted Answer

A) a myelinated fiber of 10-µm diameter 
B) a nonmyelinated fiber of 20-µm diameter 
C) a myelinated fiber of 1-µm diameter 
D) a nonmyelinated fiber of 10-µm diameter 
E) It would be the same in all because of the all-or-none principle. 
A) a myelinated fiber of 10-µm diameter 
B) a nonmyelinated fiber of 20-µm diameter 
C) a myelinated fiber of 1-µm diameter 
D) a nonmyelinated fiber of 10-µm diameter 
E) It would be the same in all because of the all-or-none principle.

Question 13

The sodium-potassium ion exchange pump

Accepted Answer

A) must reestablish ion concentrations after each action potential. 
B) transports sodium ions into the cell during depolarization. 
C) transports potassium ions out of the cell during repolarization. 
D) moves sodium and potassium opposite to the direction of their electrochemical gradients. 
E) depends on a hydrogen gradient for energy. 
A) must reestablish ion concentrations after each action potential. 
B) transports sodium ions into the cell during depolarization. 
C) transports potassium ions out of the cell during repolarization. 
D) moves sodium and potassium opposite to the direction of their electrochemical gradients. 
E) depends on a hydrogen gradient for energy.

Question 14

The sensory loss and muscle weakness associated with multiple sclerosis are a consequence of

Accepted Answer

A) excessive myelin layers around the axonal fibers. 
B) demyelination. 
C) a neuron not having a myelin sheath. 
D) a neuron without a neurilemma. 
E) too few nodes of Ranvier. 
A) excessive myelin layers around the axonal fibers. 
B) demyelination. 
C) a neuron not having a myelin sheath. 
D) a neuron without a neurilemma. 
E) too few nodes of Ranvier.

Question 15

Rapid impulse conduction from "node" to "node" is called

Accepted Answer

A) spatial propagation. 
B) saltatory propagation. 
C) divergent propagation. 
D) synaptic transmission. 
E) continuous propagation. 
A) spatial propagation. 
B) saltatory propagation. 
C) divergent propagation. 
D) synaptic transmission. 
E) continuous propagation.

Question 16

The rabies virus travels to the CNS via

Accepted Answer

A) anterograde axoplasmic transport. 
B) retrograde axoplasmic transport. 
C) blood vessels. 
D) subcutaneous connective tissue. 
E) cerebrospinal fluid. 
A) anterograde axoplasmic transport. 
B) retrograde axoplasmic transport. 
C) blood vessels. 
D) subcutaneous connective tissue. 
E) cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 17

Figure 12-1 The Neuron
Use Figure 12-1 to answer the following questions:
-The structure labeled "2" is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) neurofilament. 
B) dendrite. 
C) initial segment. 
D) perikaryon. 
E) axon. 
A) neurofilament. 
B) dendrite. 
C) initial segment. 
D) perikaryon. 
E) axon.

Question 18

Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential
Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions:
-Which area of the graph shows when voltage-gated sodium channels are open?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 1 
D) 5 
E) 3 
A) 2 
B) 4 
C) 1 
D) 5 
E) 3

Question 19

Neurons that are rare,small,and lack features that distinguish dendrites from axons are called

Accepted Answer

A) anaxonic. 
B) unipolar. 
C) bipolar. 
D) tripolar. 
E) multipolar. 
A) anaxonic. 
B) unipolar. 
C) bipolar. 
D) tripolar. 
E) multipolar.

Question 20

Opioids relieve pain by blocking the release of

Accepted Answer

A) substance O. 
B) substance P. 
C) substance Q. 
D) substance X. 
E) None of the answers is correct. 
A) substance O. 
B) substance P. 
C) substance Q. 
D) substance X. 
E) None of the answers is correct.

Exam 12: Neural Tissue

Ions can move across the plasma membrane in which of the following ways?

Which of the following is not true regarding the establishment of a neuron's resting potential?

Which of the following is not a function of the neuroglia?

How does blocking retrograde axoplasmic transport in an axon affect the activity of a neuron?

Type ________ fibers have the largest diameter axons.

How would a chemical that prevents the opening of voltage-regulated Na+ channels affect the function of a neuron?

The plasma membrane of an axon is called the

The effect that a neurotransmitter has on the postsynaptic membrane depends on the

The buildup of depolarization when EPSPs arrive in rapid succession is called ________ summation.

When pressure is applied to neural tissue,all of the following effects are possible except

The ________ division of the nervous system carries motor commands to muscles and glands.

In which of the following would the rate of impulse conduction be the greatest?

The sodium-potassium ion exchange pump

The sensory loss and muscle weakness associated with multiple sclerosis are a consequence of

Rapid impulse conduction from "node" to "node" is called

The rabies virus travels to the CNS via

Figure 12-1 The Neuron Use Figure 12-1 to answer the following questions: -The structure labeled "2" is a(n)

Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions: -Which area of the graph shows when voltage-gated sodium channels are open?

Neurons that are rare,small,and lack features that distinguish dendrites from axons are called

Opioids relieve pain by blocking the release of

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energetics

The Urinary System

Fluid, electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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