Question 1

Figure 25-1 The Citric Acid Cycle
Use Figure 25-1 to answer the following question:
-What is the molecule labeled "1"?

Accepted Answer

A) phosphoglyceric acid 
B) citric acid 
C) pyruvate acid 
D) NADH 
E) FADH₂ 
A) phosphoglyceric acid 
B) citric acid 
C) pyruvate acid 
D) NADH 
E) FADH₂

Question 2

All of the following occur during the postabsorptive state,except that

Accepted Answer

A) glycogenolysis occurs in the liver. 
B) levels of blood glucose are elevated. 
C) ketone bodies may be formed. 
D) fat mobilization occurs. 
E) gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver. 
A) glycogenolysis occurs in the liver. 
B) levels of blood glucose are elevated. 
C) ketone bodies may be formed. 
D) fat mobilization occurs. 
E) gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver.

Question 3

Figure 25-1 The Citric Acid Cycle
Use Figure 25-1 to answer the following question:
-What is the substance labeled "4"?

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen atoms 
B) citric acid 
C) 4 carbon molecule 
D) NADH 
E) FADH₂ 
A) hydrogen atoms 
B) citric acid 
C) 4 carbon molecule 
D) NADH 
E) FADH₂

Question 4

The ________ of the mitochondrion contains large-diameter pores that are permeable to ions and small organic molecules such as pyruvic acid.

Accepted Answer

A) inner membrane 
B) plasma membrane 
C) outer membrane 
D) matrix 
E) cristae 
A) inner membrane 
B) plasma membrane 
C) outer membrane 
D) matrix 
E) cristae

Question 5

The vitamin that is part of the coenzymes FAD and FMN is

Accepted Answer

A) thiamine. 
B) riboflavin. 
C) niacin. 
D) folic acid (folate). 
E) cobalamin. 
A) thiamine. 
B) riboflavin. 
C) niacin. 
D) folic acid (folate). 
E) cobalamin.

Question 6

Lipogenesis generally begins with

Accepted Answer

A) glucose. 
B) amino acids. 
C) fatty acids. 
D) acetyl-CoA. 
E) succinyl-CoA. 
A) glucose. 
B) amino acids. 
C) fatty acids. 
D) acetyl-CoA. 
E) succinyl-CoA.

Question 7

Figure 25-1 The Citric Acid Cycle
Use Figure 25-1 to answer the following question:
-What is the molecule labeled "7" ?

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen atoms 
B) citric acid 
C) 4 carbon molecule 
D) NADH 
E) FADH₂ 
A) hydrogen atoms 
B) citric acid 
C) 4 carbon molecule 
D) NADH 
E) FADH₂

Question 8

Metabolism of amino acids in the citric acid cycle yields

Accepted Answer

A) more energy than lipid metabolism. 
B) more energy than carbohydrate metabolism. 
C) approximately the same energy as lipid metabolism. 
D) approximately the same energy as carbohydrate metabolism. 
E) more energy than lipid and carbohydrate metabolism combined. 
A) more energy than lipid metabolism. 
B) more energy than carbohydrate metabolism. 
C) approximately the same energy as lipid metabolism. 
D) approximately the same energy as carbohydrate metabolism. 
E) more energy than lipid and carbohydrate metabolism combined.

Question 9

The lipoproteins that carry absorbed lipids from the intestinal tract to the bloodstream are

Accepted Answer

A) HDLs. 
B) VLDLs. 
C) LDLs. 
D) chylomicrons. 
E) coenzymes. 
A) HDLs. 
B) VLDLs. 
C) LDLs. 
D) chylomicrons. 
E) coenzymes.

Question 10

During lipolysis

Accepted Answer

A) triglycerides are converted into molecules of acetyl-CoA. 
B) triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids. 
C) lipids are converted into glucose molecules. 
D) lipids are formed from excess carbohydrates. 
E) lipids are metabolized to yield ATP. 
A) triglycerides are converted into molecules of acetyl-CoA. 
B) triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids. 
C) lipids are converted into glucose molecules. 
D) lipids are formed from excess carbohydrates. 
E) lipids are metabolized to yield ATP.

Question 11

The food pyramid recommends many servings a day of dark-green and orange vegetables.Which vitamin is particularly abundant in this food group?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) C 
C) E 
D) folic acid 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) A 
B) C 
C) E 
D) folic acid 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 12

A vitamin obtained from meat that is a coenzyme in amino acid and lipid metabolism is

Accepted Answer

A) pyridoxine (B₆). 
B) pantothenic acid. 
C) riboflavin. 
D) folic acid (folate). 
E) niacin. 
A) pyridoxine (B₆). 
B) pantothenic acid. 
C) riboflavin. 
D) folic acid (folate). 
E) niacin.

Question 13

The major cation in cytoplasm is

Accepted Answer

A) sodium. 
B) potassium. 
C) calcium. 
D) magnesium. 
E) iron. 
A) sodium. 
B) potassium. 
C) calcium. 
D) magnesium. 
E) iron.

Question 14

The trace element needed for hemoglobin synthesis is

Accepted Answer

A) zinc. 
B) copper. 
C) cobalt. 
D) iodine. 
E) silicon. 
A) zinc. 
B) copper. 
C) cobalt. 
D) iodine. 
E) silicon.

Question 15

A cation that often acts as a cofactor for enzymes is

Accepted Answer

A) sodium. 
B) potassium. 
C) calcium. 
D) magnesium. 
E) zinc. 
A) sodium. 
B) potassium. 
C) calcium. 
D) magnesium. 
E) zinc.

Question 16

The major steps in oxidative phosphorylation include all of the following,except

Accepted Answer

A) removal of hydrogen atoms from a substrate molecule by coenzymes. 
B) ionization of hydrogen atoms. 
C) increasing the energy level of electrons passing through the electron transport chain. 
D) the breaking of carbon-carbon covalent bonds. 
E) the acceptance of electrons by oxygen atoms. 
A) removal of hydrogen atoms from a substrate molecule by coenzymes. 
B) ionization of hydrogen atoms. 
C) increasing the energy level of electrons passing through the electron transport chain. 
D) the breaking of carbon-carbon covalent bonds. 
E) the acceptance of electrons by oxygen atoms.

Question 17

The energy content of foods is commonly given in units of ________.

Accepted Answer

kilocalori

Question 18

All of the following occur when the temperature of the preoptic area of the hypothalamus drops below its thermostat setting,except that

Accepted Answer

A) blood flow to the skin increases. 
B) shivering thermogenesis occurs. 
C) nonshivering thermogenesis occurs. 
D) epinephrine levels rise. 
E) blood returning from limbs is shunted to deep veins. 
A) blood flow to the skin increases. 
B) shivering thermogenesis occurs. 
C) nonshivering thermogenesis occurs. 
D) epinephrine levels rise. 
E) blood returning from limbs is shunted to deep veins.

Question 19

Glucocorticoids have which of the following effects on general peripheral tissues?

Accepted Answer

A) They decrease the use of glucose. 
B) They increase gluconeogenesis. 
C) They increase glycogenolysis. 
D) They promote glucose synthesis. 
E) All of the answers are correct. 
A) They decrease the use of glucose. 
B) They increase gluconeogenesis. 
C) They increase glycogenolysis. 
D) They promote glucose synthesis. 
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 20

Briefly outline the role of the liver in glucose metabolism.

Accepted Answer

During the absorptive state,under insuli

Exam 25: Metabolism and Energetics

Figure 25-1 The Citric Acid Cycle Use Figure 25-1 to answer the following question: -What is the molecule labeled "1"?

All of the following occur during the postabsorptive state,except that

Figure 25-1 The Citric Acid Cycle Use Figure 25-1 to answer the following question: -What is the substance labeled "4"?

The ________ of the mitochondrion contains large-diameter pores that are permeable to ions and small organic molecules such as pyruvic acid.

The vitamin that is part of the coenzymes FAD and FMN is

Lipogenesis generally begins with

Figure 25-1 The Citric Acid Cycle Use Figure 25-1 to answer the following question: -What is the molecule labeled "7" ?

Metabolism of amino acids in the citric acid cycle yields

The lipoproteins that carry absorbed lipids from the intestinal tract to the bloodstream are

During lipolysis

The food pyramid recommends many servings a day of dark-green and orange vegetables.Which vitamin is particularly abundant in this food group?

A vitamin obtained from meat that is a coenzyme in amino acid and lipid metabolism is

The major cation in cytoplasm is

The trace element needed for hemoglobin synthesis is

A cation that often acts as a cofactor for enzymes is

The major steps in oxidative phosphorylation include all of the following,except

The energy content of foods is commonly given in units of ________.

All of the following occur when the temperature of the preoptic area of the hypothalamus drops below its thermostat setting,except that

Glucocorticoids have which of the following effects on general peripheral tissues?

Briefly outline the role of the liver in glucose metabolism.

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Articulations

Muscle Tissue

The Muscular System

Neural Tissue

The Spinal Cord, spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Neural Integration I: Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

Neural Integration Ii: the Autonomic Nervous System and

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

The Urinary System

Fluid, electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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