Question 1

Very early in Earth's history,it was so hot that the surface was likely entirely molten.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

The geotherm is the rate of change of ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  pressure with depth in Earth's interior 
B)  temperature with depth in Earth's interior 
C)  temperature with altitude in Earth's atmosphere 
D)  temperature with latitude on Earth's surface 
A)  pressure with depth in Earth's interior 
B)  temperature with depth in Earth's interior 
C)  temperature with altitude in Earth's atmosphere 
D)  temperature with latitude on Earth's surface B

Question 3

As compared to coarse-grained igneous rocks,all fine-grained igneous rocks ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cool and solidify more quickly 
B)  cool and solidify more slowly 
C)  solidify at higher temperatures 
D)  solidify at lower temperatures 
A)  cool and solidify more quickly 
B)  cool and solidify more slowly 
C)  solidify at higher temperatures 
D)  solidify at lower temperatures A

Question 4

All other factors being equal,intrusive rocks that form deep within Earth ____________ than intrusive rocks that cool near the surface.

Accepted Answer

A)  are more felsic 
B)  contain a smaller proportion of volatiles 
C)  cool more slowly 
D)  cool more rapidly 
A)  are more felsic 
B)  contain a smaller proportion of volatiles 
C)  cool more slowly 
D)  cool more rapidly

Question 5

A dike is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a sheetlike intrusion that lies parallel to surrounding layers of sedimentary rock 
B)  a cooled layer of lava 
C)  an intrusion formed within the magma chamber of a volcano 
D)  a sheetlike intrusion that cuts across preexisting layers 
A)  a sheetlike intrusion that lies parallel to surrounding layers of sedimentary rock 
B)  a cooled layer of lava 
C)  an intrusion formed within the magma chamber of a volcano 
D)  a sheetlike intrusion that cuts across preexisting layers

Question 6

Most commonly,felsic igneous rocks ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  contain more iron and magnesium than intermediate rocks 
B)  are lighter in color than mafic rocks 
C)  are darker in color than mafic rocks 
D)  are found in oceanic crust 
A)  contain more iron and magnesium than intermediate rocks 
B)  are lighter in color than mafic rocks 
C)  are darker in color than mafic rocks 
D)  are found in oceanic crust

Question 7

Coarse-grained gabbro is most similar in mineral composition to fine-grained ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  andesite 
B)  basalt 
C)  komatiite 
D)  rhyolite 
A)  andesite 
B)  basalt 
C)  komatiite 
D)  rhyolite

Question 8

Pegmatites,which occur in dikes,are unusual among shallow intrusive rocks in that they ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  possess porphyritic texture 
B)  possess exceptionally coarse grains 
C)  are mineralogically identical to the extrusive rock basalt 
D)  are glassy, cooling so rapidly that crystals do not have time to form 
A)  possess porphyritic texture 
B)  possess exceptionally coarse grains 
C)  are mineralogically identical to the extrusive rock basalt 
D)  are glassy, cooling so rapidly that crystals do not have time to form

Question 9

If the volatile content of magma is increased,its viscosity will ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase 
B)  decrease 
C)  stay the same 
A)  increase 
B)  decrease 
C)  stay the same

Question 10

Coarse-grained diorite is most similar in mineral composition to fine-grained ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  andesite 
B)  basalt 
C)  komatiite 
D)  rhyolite 
A)  andesite 
B)  basalt 
C)  komatiite 
D)  rhyolite

Question 11

As compared to mafic igneous rocks,all felsic igneous rocks ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cool and solidify more quickly 
B)  cool and solidify more slowly 
C)  solidify at higher temperatures 
D)  solidify at lower temperatures 
A)  cool and solidify more quickly 
B)  cool and solidify more slowly 
C)  solidify at higher temperatures 
D)  solidify at lower temperatures

Question 12

Important volatiles in magmas include ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  iron- and magnesium-rich minerals, such as olivine 
B)  potassium and aluminum 
C)  water and carbon dioxide 
D)  trinitrotoluene and nitroglycerin 
A)  iron- and magnesium-rich minerals, such as olivine 
B)  potassium and aluminum 
C)  water and carbon dioxide 
D)  trinitrotoluene and nitroglycerin

Question 13

The formation of magma within Earth is NOT caused by which of the following processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  decompression (drop in pressure) 
B)  addition of volatiles 
C)  transfer of heat from adjacent magma or very hot rocks 
D)  loss of volatiles to the atmosphere 
A)  decompression (drop in pressure) 
B)  addition of volatiles 
C)  transfer of heat from adjacent magma or very hot rocks 
D)  loss of volatiles to the atmosphere

Question 14

The difference between lava and magma is that ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  magma is light in color and lava is dark 
B)  magma usually has mafic composition and lava usually has felsic composition 
C)  magma is found beneath the Earth's surface, whereas lava has reached the surface 
D)  magma flows more quickly than lava 
A)  magma is light in color and lava is dark 
B)  magma usually has mafic composition and lava usually has felsic composition 
C)  magma is found beneath the Earth's surface, whereas lava has reached the surface 
D)  magma flows more quickly than lava

Question 15

In Bowen's discontinuous reaction series,the first mineral to crystallize from a mafic melt is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  olivine 
B)  plagioclase 
C)  pyroxene 
D)  quartz 
A)  olivine 
B)  plagioclase 
C)  pyroxene 
D)  quartz

Question 16

Geologically,melts are equivalent to both ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  felsic and mafic magmas 
B)  felsic and mafic lavas 
C)  lavas and magmas 
D)  fine-grained and coarse-grained igneous rocks 
A)  felsic and mafic magmas 
B)  felsic and mafic lavas 
C)  lavas and magmas 
D)  fine-grained and coarse-grained igneous rocks

Question 17

An igneous rock with a mixed texture of coarse grains (phenocrysts)surrounded by fine crystals (groundmass)is termed ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  porphyritic 
B)  phaneritic 
C)  aphanitic 
D)  necrotic 
A)  porphyritic 
B)  phaneritic 
C)  aphanitic 
D)  necrotic

Question 18

Igneous rocks ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are formed through the freezing of melt 
B)  can be produced at the surface of the Earth as well as deep below the surface 
C)  are the most common type of rocks within Earth 
D)  all of the above 
A)  are formed through the freezing of melt 
B)  can be produced at the surface of the Earth as well as deep below the surface 
C)  are the most common type of rocks within Earth 
D)  all of the above

Question 19

When rock is melted within Earth,typically the entire volume of rock is transformed from a solid state to a liquid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A blob-like igneous rock body that has cooled beneath the surface of Earth is called a ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  guyot 
B)  pluton 
C)  lava flow 
D)  andesite 
A)  guyot 
B)  pluton 
C)  lava flow 
D)  andesite

Very early in Earth's history,it was so hot that the surface was likely entirely molten.

The geotherm is the rate of change of ____________.

As compared to coarse-grained igneous rocks,all fine-grained igneous rocks ____________.

All other factors being equal,intrusive rocks that form deep within Earth ____________ than intrusive rocks that cool near the surface.

A dike is ____________.

Most commonly,felsic igneous rocks ____________.

Coarse-grained gabbro is most similar in mineral composition to fine-grained ____________.

Pegmatites,which occur in dikes,are unusual among shallow intrusive rocks in that they ____________.

If the volatile content of magma is increased,its viscosity will ____________.

Coarse-grained diorite is most similar in mineral composition to fine-grained ____________.

As compared to mafic igneous rocks,all felsic igneous rocks ____________.

Important volatiles in magmas include ____________.

The formation of magma within Earth is NOT caused by which of the following processes?

The difference between lava and magma is that ____________.

In Bowen's discontinuous reaction series,the first mineral to crystallize from a mafic melt is ____________.

Geologically,melts are equivalent to both ____________.

An igneous rock with a mixed texture of coarse grains (phenocrysts)surrounded by fine crystals (groundmass)is termed ____________.

Igneous rocks ____________.

When rock is melted within Earth,typically the entire volume of rock is transformed from a solid state to a liquid.

A blob-like igneous rock body that has cooled beneath the surface of Earth is called a ____________.

The Earth in Context

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

Pages of Earths Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism: a Process of Change

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Crags, cracks, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of Earth

Riches in Rock: Energy and Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Running Water: the Geology of Streams and Floods

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

Dry Regions: the Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Filters

Exam 4: Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

Very early in Earth's history,it was so hot that the surface was likely entirely molten.

The geotherm is the rate of change of ____________.

As compared to coarse-grained igneous rocks,all fine-grained igneous rocks ____________.

All other factors being equal,intrusive rocks that form deep within Earth ____________ than intrusive rocks that cool near the surface.

A dike is ____________.

Most commonly,felsic igneous rocks ____________.

Coarse-grained gabbro is most similar in mineral composition to fine-grained ____________.

Pegmatites,which occur in dikes,are unusual among shallow intrusive rocks in that they ____________.

If the volatile content of magma is increased,its viscosity will ____________.

Coarse-grained diorite is most similar in mineral composition to fine-grained ____________.

As compared to mafic igneous rocks,all felsic igneous rocks ____________.

Important volatiles in magmas include ____________.

The formation of magma within Earth is NOT caused by which of the following processes?

The difference between lava and magma is that ____________.

In Bowen's discontinuous reaction series,the first mineral to crystallize from a mafic melt is ____________.

Geologically,melts are equivalent to both ____________.

An igneous rock with a mixed texture of coarse grains (phenocrysts)surrounded by fine crystals (groundmass)is termed ____________.

Igneous rocks ____________.

When rock is melted within Earth,typically the entire volume of rock is transformed from a solid state to a liquid.

A blob-like igneous rock body that has cooled beneath the surface of Earth is called a ____________.

The Earth in Context

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

Pages of Earths Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism: a Process of Change

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Crags, cracks, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of Earth

Riches in Rock: Energy and Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Running Water: the Geology of Streams and Floods

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

Dry Regions: the Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Filters