Exam 5: Evolution and Biodiversity

Geographic isolation can lead to ____________________ isolation.

Which term refers to the long-term,large-scale evolutionary changes that occur among groups of species? 

What percentage do biologists estimate is the portion of all species that ever lived which are now extinct? 

The Arctic fox and the grey fox are an example of what type of isolation?

The term ____________________ would be used to describe changes in which speciation occurred.

What most likely brought about the formation of oxygen in the Earth's primitive atmosphere? 

When local environmental conditions change,species may become extinct through background extinction.

Which is the best explanation for why the fossil record is incomplete? 

What is NOT included in an ecological niche? 

What is believed to be the result of biodiversity? 

Humans have thrived as a species because of a complex brain and strong ____________________ thumbs.

What is the current estimate given for the annual human-caused extinction rate? 

A(n)____________________ in any cell can result in new genetic traits that can produce a better chance of survival.

The results of background extinctions are due to changing local environmental conditions.

The process of natural selection leading to an entirely new species being formed is called ____________________.

What process refers to the change in the gene pool in one species that may occur over the course of time as a result of a change in the gene pool of another species? 

Survival of the fittest means survival of the strongest.

What has occurred when natural selection results in a shift toward the average of a range of genetic expressions for a particular trait? 

What is the term for the change in the sensitivity of moths' hearing in response to a change in the frequencies used in echolocation by bats to find moths at night? 

What is used to separate a species' realized niche from its fundamental niche?