Question 1

Today, the factor people most commonly use in deciding if a person has reached adulthood is noting if the young woman or young man:

Accepted Answer

A)  has completed all schooling. 
B)  has a full-time job, with the ability to support a family. 
C)  is married and has a child. 
D)  All of the above are correct. 
A)  has completed all schooling. 
B)  has a full-time job, with the ability to support a family. 
C)  is married and has a child. 
D)  All of the above are correct.

Question 2

Explain Erik Erikson's theory of socialization as a life-long process.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain Erik Erikson's theory of socialization as...

Question 3

According to Erving Goffman, the goal of a total institution is:

Accepted Answer

A)  to help integrate a troubled patient into the outside world. 
B)  to give a person greater choices about how to live. 
C)  to radically alter a person's personality or behavior. 
D)  to encourage lifelong learning in a supervised context. 
A)  to help integrate a troubled patient into the outside world. 
B)  to give a person greater choices about how to live. 
C)  to radically alter a person's personality or behavior. 
D)  to encourage lifelong learning in a supervised context.

Question 4

According to Piaget, in what stage of human development do individuals experience the world only through sensory contact?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor stage 
B)  preoperational stage 
C)  concrete operational stage 
D)  formal operational stage 
A)  sensorimotor stage 
B)  preoperational stage 
C)  concrete operational stage 
D)  formal operational stage

Question 5

During the last century, the mass media have had a declining influence on people in the United States.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

When people model themselves after the members of peer groups they would like to join, they are engaging in:

Accepted Answer

A)  group conformity. 
B)  future directedness. 
C)  anticipatory socialization. 
D)  group rejection. 
A)  group conformity. 
B)  future directedness. 
C)  anticipatory socialization. 
D)  group rejection.

Question 7

While many researchers have studied outward behavior, George Herbert Mead focused on symbolic meaning-specifically the meaning people attach to behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

According to Mead, children learn to take the role of the other as they model themselves on important people in their lives, such as parents. Mead referred to these people as:

Accepted Answer

A)  role models. 
B)  looking-glass models. 
C)  significant others. 
D)  the generalized other. 
A)  role models. 
B)  looking-glass models. 
C)  significant others. 
D)  the generalized other.

Question 9

The special contribution of schooling to the socialization process includes:

Accepted Answer

A)  exposing the child to a bureaucratic setting. 
B)  exposing the child to people of similar social backgrounds. 
C)  teaching children to be highly flexible and to express their individuality. 
D)  helping children break free of gender roles. 
A)  exposing the child to a bureaucratic setting. 
B)  exposing the child to people of similar social backgrounds. 
C)  teaching children to be highly flexible and to express their individuality. 
D)  helping children break free of gender roles.

Question 10

Carol Gilligan extended Kohlberg's research, showing that:

Accepted Answer

A)  girls and boys typically assess situations as right and wrong using different standards. 
B)  girls are more interested in right and wrong than boys are. 
C)  boys are more interested in right and wrong than girls are. 
D)  the ability to assess situations as right and wrong typically develops only as young people enter the teenage years. 
A)  girls and boys typically assess situations as right and wrong using different standards. 
B)  girls are more interested in right and wrong than boys are. 
C)  boys are more interested in right and wrong than girls are. 
D)  the ability to assess situations as right and wrong typically develops only as young people enter the teenage years.

Question 11

Melvin Kohn demonstrated that parents of all social classes have much the same expectations of their children.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Based on the material in this chapter of the text, address the issue of human freedom in a socially structured world. That is, to what extent do you think people are free to think and act as they wish? In answering this question, consider the theories presented in the chapter--for example, why does Mead's theory point to greater human freedom than Freud's theory?

Accepted Answer

Human freedom in a socially structured w

Question 13

While many researchers have studied outward behavior, George Herbert Mead focused on symbolic meaning-specifically the meaning people attach to behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Why did Sigmund Freud see human culture (superego) as a necessary source of repression?

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanaly

Question 15

The Harlow experiments to discover the effects of social isolation on rhesus monkeys showed that:

Accepted Answer

A)  monkeys isolated for six months were highly fearful when returned to others of their kind. 
B)  isolated monkeys able to cuddle artificial mothers developed normally. 
C)  even several days of social isolation permanently damaged infant monkeys. 
D)  All of the above are correct. 
A)  monkeys isolated for six months were highly fearful when returned to others of their kind. 
B)  isolated monkeys able to cuddle artificial mothers developed normally. 
C)  even several days of social isolation permanently damaged infant monkeys. 
D)  All of the above are correct.

Question 16

Based on both the Harlows' research with rhesus monkeys and the case of Anna, the isolated child, one might reasonably conclude that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the two species react differently to social isolation. 
B)  both monkeys and humans "bounce back" from long-term isolation. 
C)  even a few days of social isolation permanently damages both monkeys and humans. 
D)  long-term social isolation leads to permanent developmental damage in both monkeys and humans. 
A)  the two species react differently to social isolation. 
B)  both monkeys and humans "bounce back" from long-term isolation. 
C)  even a few days of social isolation permanently damages both monkeys and humans. 
D)  long-term social isolation leads to permanent developmental damage in both monkeys and humans.

Question 17

Applying Freud's thinking to a sociological analysis of personality development, you would conclude that:

Accepted Answer

A)  human behavior is basically random. 
B)  humans have basic, self-centered drives that must be controlled by learning the ways of society. 
C)  societies encourage people to become self-centered. 
D)  humans can never become cultural creatures. 
A)  human behavior is basically random. 
B)  humans have basic, self-centered drives that must be controlled by learning the ways of society. 
C)  societies encourage people to become self-centered. 
D)  humans can never become cultural creatures.

Question 18

U.S. school children spend about as much time in front of a television as they do at school or interacting with their parents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Our basic drives or needs as humans are reflected in Freud's concept of:

Accepted Answer

A)  superego. 
B)  ego. 
C)  id. 
D)  generalized other. 
A)  superego. 
B)  ego. 
C)  id. 
D)  generalized other.

Question 20

Mead's concepts of the "I" and the "me" are close parallels of Freud's concepts of the id and the superego.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 5: Socialization

Today, the factor people most commonly use in deciding if a person has reached adulthood is noting if the young woman or young man:

Explain Erik Erikson's theory of socialization as a life-long process.

According to Erving Goffman, the goal of a total institution is:

According to Piaget, in what stage of human development do individuals experience the world only through sensory contact?

During the last century, the mass media have had a declining influence on people in the United States.

When people model themselves after the members of peer groups they would like to join, they are engaging in:

While many researchers have studied outward behavior, George Herbert Mead focused on symbolic meaning-specifically the meaning people attach to behavior.

According to Mead, children learn to take the role of the other as they model themselves on important people in their lives, such as parents. Mead referred to these people as:

The special contribution of schooling to the socialization process includes:

Carol Gilligan extended Kohlberg's research, showing that:

Melvin Kohn demonstrated that parents of all social classes have much the same expectations of their children.

While many researchers have studied outward behavior, George Herbert Mead focused on symbolic meaning-specifically the meaning people attach to behavior.

Why did Sigmund Freud see human culture (superego) as a necessary source of repression?

The Harlow experiments to discover the effects of social isolation on rhesus monkeys showed that:

Based on both the Harlows' research with rhesus monkeys and the case of Anna, the isolated child, one might reasonably conclude that:

Applying Freud's thinking to a sociological analysis of personality development, you would conclude that:

U.S. school children spend about as much time in front of a television as they do at school or interacting with their parents.

Our basic drives or needs as humans are reflected in Freud's concept of:

Mead's concepts of the "I" and the "me" are close parallels of Freud's concepts of the id and the superego.

The Sociological Perspective

Sociological Investigation

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Social Interaction in Everyday Life

Groups and Organizations

Sexuality and Society

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Social Change: Traditional, Modern, and Postmodern Societies

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