Question 1

The amount of Na⁺ excreted in the urine equals the amount of Na⁺ ____ minus the amount of Na⁺ ____.

Accepted Answer

A) filtered; reabsorbed 
B) ingested; filtered 
C) ingested; metabolically consumed 
D) ingested; placed in storage 
E) secreted; reabsorbed 
A) filtered; reabsorbed 
B) ingested; filtered 
C) ingested; metabolically consumed 
D) ingested; placed in storage 
E) secreted; reabsorbed

Question 2

When isotonic fluid is added to the ECF, fluid will

Accepted Answer

A) shift from the ICF into the ECF 
B) not shift between the ECF and ICF 
C) shift from the ECF into the ICF 
D) become hypotonic around the cell 
E) shift from the ECF into the ICF and in the ECF will become hypotonic 
A) shift from the ICF into the ECF 
B) not shift between the ECF and ICF 
C) shift from the ECF into the ICF 
D) become hypotonic around the cell 
E) shift from the ECF into the ICF and in the ECF will become hypotonic

Question 3

A chemical buffer system enables a solution to resist a marked change in pH upon addition or loss of acid or base.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Chemical buffer systems are the most powerful mechanism available for defending against changes in [H⁺] because they respond the fastest.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The major importance of regulating ECF osmolarity is

Accepted Answer

A) to help maintain blood pressure 
B) to prevent the urine from becoming too concentrated 
C) to prevent fluid shifts between cells and the ECF, which could produce profound symptoms as the cells swell or shrink 
D) to prevent spontaneous depolarization of nerve and muscle cell membranes because of shifts in Na+ balance 
E) to prevent an acid-base imbalance if the hydrogen ions were to become too concentrated or too dilute in the body fluids 
A) to help maintain blood pressure 
B) to prevent the urine from becoming too concentrated 
C) to prevent fluid shifts between cells and the ECF, which could produce profound symptoms as the cells swell or shrink 
D) to prevent spontaneous depolarization of nerve and muscle cell membranes because of shifts in Na+ balance 
E) to prevent an acid-base imbalance if the hydrogen ions were to become too concentrated or too dilute in the body fluids

Question 6

A pH of 4 is ____ times as acidic as a pH of 7.

Accepted Answer

A) 10 
B) 100 
C) 1,000 
D) 10,000 
E) 100,000 
A) 10 
B) 100 
C) 1,000 
D) 10,000 
E) 100,000

Question 7

A person who has diarrhea loses excessive salt and water from the body.This fluid loss results in Na+ depletion, dehydration, a decreased extracellular fluid volume, a reduction in plasma volume, and a decreased systemic arterial blood pressure.The following refer to the sequence of events that occur to compensate for this fluid loss.Indicate whether each factor listed:
a.No change
b.Increases
c.Decreases
-Amount of H₂O reabsorbed

Accepted Answer

The answer of A person who has diarrhea loses excessive...

Question 8

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank.
a.Respiratory acidosis
b.Respiratory alkalosis
c.Metabolic acidosis
d.Metabolic alkalosis
-Extreme exercise

Accepted Answer

The answer of Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might...

Question 9

Extracellular fluid

Accepted Answer

A) includes plasma 
B) includes interstitial fluid 
C) constitutes a smaller percentage of total body water than does intracellular fluid 
D) includes lymph 
E) has all of the above characteristics 
A) includes plasma 
B) includes interstitial fluid 
C) constitutes a smaller percentage of total body water than does intracellular fluid 
D) includes lymph 
E) has all of the above characteristics

Question 10

The primary anion of the ECF is

Accepted Answer

A) bicarbonate 
B) chloride 
C) phosphate 
D) sodium ion 
E) potassium ion 
A) bicarbonate 
B) chloride 
C) phosphate 
D) sodium ion 
E) potassium ion

Question 11

The _____________ buffer system is the primary intracellular buffer, whereas the _____________ buffer system is the primary buffer against carbonic acid changes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____________ buffer system is the primary...

The amount of Na⁺ excreted in the urine equals the amount of Na⁺ minus the amount of Na⁺ .

When isotonic fluid is added to the ECF, fluid will

A chemical buffer system enables a solution to resist a marked change in pH upon addition or loss of acid or base.

Chemical buffer systems are the most powerful mechanism available for defending against changes in [H⁺] because they respond the fastest.

The major importance of regulating ECF osmolarity is

A pH of 4 is ____ times as acidic as a pH of 7.

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. a.Respiratory acidosis b.Respiratory alkalosis c.Metabolic acidosis d.Metabolic alkalosis -Extreme exercise

Extracellular fluid

The primary anion of the ECF is

The _ buffer system is the primary intracellular buffer, whereas the _ buffer system is the primary buffer against carbonic acid changes.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

Filters

Exam 15: Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

The amount of Na⁺ excreted in the urine equals the amount of Na⁺ ____ minus the amount of Na⁺ ____.

When isotonic fluid is added to the ECF, fluid will

A chemical buffer system enables a solution to resist a marked change in pH upon addition or loss of acid or base.

Chemical buffer systems are the most powerful mechanism available for defending against changes in [H⁺] because they respond the fastest.

The major importance of regulating ECF osmolarity is

A pH of 4 is ____ times as acidic as a pH of 7.

Indicate which type of acid-base imbalance might occur in each of the following situations by writing the appropriate letter in the blank. a.Respiratory acidosis b.Respiratory alkalosis c.Metabolic acidosis d.Metabolic alkalosis -Extreme exercise

Extracellular fluid

The primary anion of the ECF is

The _____________ buffer system is the primary intracellular buffer, whereas the _____________ buffer system is the primary buffer against carbonic acid changes.

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

The Central Nervous System

The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

Muscle Physiology

Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

The Respiratory System

The Urinary System

The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

The Reproductive System

Filters

The amount of Na⁺ excreted in the urine equals the amount of Na⁺ minus the amount of Na⁺ .

The _ buffer system is the primary intracellular buffer, whereas the _ buffer system is the primary buffer against carbonic acid changes.