Exam 9: Cardiac Physiology

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Match EKG feature with the correct characteristic. a.P wave b.QRS complex c.T wave d.PR interval e.TP interval f.ST segment -Time when threshold voltage is reached in pacemaker cells

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An increase in parasympathetic activity ____________________ the atrial contractility.

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A pacemaker potential depends on the increased inward current of calcium ions.

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Indicate which valve abnormality is being described using the answer code below. a.valvular stenosis b.valvular insufficiency -Valve does not close completely

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Semilunar valves prevent backflow of blood from

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With 2:1 rhythm, the atrial rate is very rapid and the ventricular rate is normal or above normal, whereas with 2:1 block, the atrial rate is normal but the ventricular rate is below normal.

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The ____________________ are the kinds of blood vessels that experience congestion for congestive heart failure.

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   Use this figure to answer the corresponding questions. -Identify the location(s) that indicates when fast calcium channels open within the cell. a.1 b.2 and 3 c.2, 3, and 4 d.1 and 4 e.There are no fast calcium channels in these cells. Use this figure to answer the corresponding questions. -Identify the location(s) that indicates when fast calcium channels open within the cell. a.1 b.2 and 3 c.2, 3, and 4 d.1 and 4 e.There are no fast calcium channels in these cells.

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The first heart sound

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The heart chamber that has the greatest work load is

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Use the following answer code to compare the magnitude of the items in question. a.A is greater than b.b.B is greater than a.c.A and B are equal or nearly equal. -a.Spontaneous rate of depolarization in the SA node B.Spontaneous rate of depolarization in the ventricles

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Parasympathetic innervation to the heart

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Which is the normal sequence of the spread of cardiac excitation? 1)AV node 2)SA node 3)atria 4)Purkinje fibers 5)bundle of His 6)ventricular myocardium

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The stroke volume is the total volume of blood ejected by both ventricles each minute.

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The _____ phase of the action potential in _____ cells is due to a _____.

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Increased ____ permeability of nodal cells hyperpolarizes the SA node.

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Indicate which ion is involved in each event being described by using the following answer code. a.K+ b.Na+ c.Ca₂₊ -The rapid falling phase of the cardiac action potential is brought about primarily by the outward diffusion of _____.

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The extent of ventricular filling is the preload of the heart, whereas the magnitude of the arterial blood pressure is the afterload of the heart.

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What percentage of ventricular filling is normally accomplished before atrial contraction begins?

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The ____________________ delay ensures that atrial systole is complete before ventricular systole begins.

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