Question 1

What factors might contribute to an accidental overdose of vasoconstrictors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Poor technique 
B)  Selection of an inappropriate type of vasoconstrictor 
C)  Too much vasoconstrictor administered 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Poor technique 
B)  Selection of an inappropriate type of vasoconstrictor 
C)  Too much vasoconstrictor administered 
D)  All of the above

Question 2

Why are vasoconstrictors added to local anesthetics?

Accepted Answer

A)  To increase the potency of the local anesthetic 
B)  To inhibit the oxidation of the local anesthetic 
C)  To counteract the vasodilating properties of the local anesthetic 
D)  All of the above 
A)  To increase the potency of the local anesthetic 
B)  To inhibit the oxidation of the local anesthetic 
C)  To counteract the vasodilating properties of the local anesthetic 
D)  All of the above

Question 3

Why might it not be safe to administer epinephrine to a patient taking MAO inhibitors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because epinephrine creates a hemostasis environment 
B)  Because the action of epinephrine is terminated by monoamine oxidase concentrated in the liver 
C)  Because epinephrine is a synthetic sympathomimetic amine that exerts its action predominately on alpha receptors 
D)  Because patients taking MAO inhibitors should have a physician consult before local anesthetic is administered 
A)  Because epinephrine creates a hemostasis environment 
B)  Because the action of epinephrine is terminated by monoamine oxidase concentrated in the liver 
C)  Because epinephrine is a synthetic sympathomimetic amine that exerts its action predominately on alpha receptors 
D)  Because patients taking MAO inhibitors should have a physician consult before local anesthetic is administered

Question 4

More concentrated formulations of epinephrine are safer for patients who are cardiovascularly compromised.More diluted formulations of epinephrine provide the greatest bleeding control.

Accepted Answer

A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second statement is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second statement is true. 
A)  Both statements are true. 
B)  Both statements are false. 
C)  The first statement is true; the second statement is false. 
D)  The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

Question 5

Vasodilation of the blood vessels at the site of the administration of a local anesthetic will cause what?

Accepted Answer

A)  An increased rate of anesthetic absorption 
B)  A decrease in the duration of the anesthetic 
C)  Increased risk of toxicity 
D)  All of the above 
A)  An increased rate of anesthetic absorption 
B)  A decrease in the duration of the anesthetic 
C)  Increased risk of toxicity 
D)  All of the above

Question 6

Neleen indicates on her health history that she is allergic to novocaine and sulfa drugs.What patient education might you provide to Neleen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Explain that novocaine is in the ester family of drugs and you will be using a local anesthetic from the amide family. 
B)  Explain that, because she is allergic to novocaine and to sulfa drugs, you will be using a local anesthetic without a preservative. 
C)  Explain that, because she is allergic to sulfa drugs, you will be using a local anesthetic with a vasoconstrictor. 
D)  Explain why you are choosing not to administer any local anesthesia. 
A)  Explain that novocaine is in the ester family of drugs and you will be using a local anesthetic from the amide family. 
B)  Explain that, because she is allergic to novocaine and to sulfa drugs, you will be using a local anesthetic without a preservative. 
C)  Explain that, because she is allergic to sulfa drugs, you will be using a local anesthetic with a vasoconstrictor. 
D)  Explain why you are choosing not to administer any local anesthesia.

Question 7

What effect does the endogenous release of epinephrine have on exogenous administration of epinephrine?

Accepted Answer

A)  It may compound the effects. 
B)  It may counteract the effects. 
C)  It should have no effect. 
D)  Its effects are unknown. 
A)  It may compound the effects. 
B)  It may counteract the effects. 
C)  It should have no effect. 
D)  Its effects are unknown.

Question 8

Under what conditions might the risks of using a local anesthetic with a vasoconstrictor outweigh the benefits?
1) A medically compromised patient
2) A patient with unstable angina or uncontrolled hypertension
3) A patient with a recent knee replacement
4) A patient with severe gingivitis and perio
5) A patient with uncontrolled diabetes

Accepted Answer

A)  Some other combination 
B)  2, 4 
C)  1, 2, 5 
D)  1, 4, 5 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Some other combination 
B)  2, 4 
C)  1, 2, 5 
D)  1, 4, 5 
E)  All of the above

Question 9

What is the name of the vasoconstrictor that can produce tissue necrosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phenylephrine 
B)  Felypressin 
C)  Norepinephrine 
D)  Levonordefrin 
A)  Phenylephrine 
B)  Felypressin 
C)  Norepinephrine 
D)  Levonordefrin

Question 10

Which of the following may cause an endogenous release of epinephrine?

Accepted Answer

A)  An injection of epinephrine 
B)  Anxiety related to a divorce 
C)  Apprehension about a dental appointment 
D)  All of the above 
A)  An injection of epinephrine 
B)  Anxiety related to a divorce 
C)  Apprehension about a dental appointment 
D)  All of the above

Question 11

What inactivates epinephrine once it is in the blood stream?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adrenergic nerves 
B)  Liver enzymes 
C)  Its excretion into the urine 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Adrenergic nerves 
B)  Liver enzymes 
C)  Its excretion into the urine 
D)  All of the above

Question 12

Adrenalin comes in concentrations of 1:50,000,1:100,000,and 1:200,000.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Once epinephrine is absorbed,what happens to the action of the epinephrine?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is activated in order to provide vasoconstriction. 
B)  It is deactivated in order to provide hemostasis. 
C)  It is altered due to the presence of enzymes. 
D)  It is terminated by reuptake by adrenergic nerves. 
A)  It is activated in order to provide vasoconstriction. 
B)  It is deactivated in order to provide hemostasis. 
C)  It is altered due to the presence of enzymes. 
D)  It is terminated by reuptake by adrenergic nerves.

What factors might contribute to an accidental overdose of vasoconstrictors?

Why are vasoconstrictors added to local anesthetics?

Why might it not be safe to administer epinephrine to a patient taking MAO inhibitors?

More concentrated formulations of epinephrine are safer for patients who are cardiovascularly compromised.More diluted formulations of epinephrine provide the greatest bleeding control.

Vasodilation of the blood vessels at the site of the administration of a local anesthetic will cause what?

Neleen indicates on her health history that she is allergic to novocaine and sulfa drugs.What patient education might you provide to Neleen?

What effect does the endogenous release of epinephrine have on exogenous administration of epinephrine?

What is the name of the vasoconstrictor that can produce tissue necrosis?

Which of the following may cause an endogenous release of epinephrine?

What inactivates epinephrine once it is in the blood stream?

Adrenalin comes in concentrations of 1:50,000,1:100,000,and 1:200,000.

Once epinephrine is absorbed,what happens to the action of the epinephrine?

Local Anesthesia in Dental Hygiene Practice: an Introduction

Neurophysiology

Pharmacology of Local Anesthetic Agents

Local Anesthetic Agents

Topical Anesthetic Agents

Preanesthetic Assessment

Determining Drug Doses

Armamentariumsyringe Preparation

Anatomic Considerations for the Administration of Local Anesthesia

Basic Injection Techniques

Maxillary Nerve Anesthesia

Mandibular Nerve Anesthesia

Local Anesthetic Complications

Legal Considerations and Risk Management

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Exam 4: Pharmacology of Vasoconstrictors

What factors might contribute to an accidental overdose of vasoconstrictors?

Why are vasoconstrictors added to local anesthetics?

Why might it not be safe to administer epinephrine to a patient taking MAO inhibitors?

More concentrated formulations of epinephrine are safer for patients who are cardiovascularly compromised.More diluted formulations of epinephrine provide the greatest bleeding control.

Vasodilation of the blood vessels at the site of the administration of a local anesthetic will cause what?

Neleen indicates on her health history that she is allergic to novocaine and sulfa drugs.What patient education might you provide to Neleen?

What effect does the endogenous release of epinephrine have on exogenous administration of epinephrine?

What is the name of the vasoconstrictor that can produce tissue necrosis?

Which of the following may cause an endogenous release of epinephrine?

What inactivates epinephrine once it is in the blood stream?

Adrenalin comes in concentrations of 1:50,000,1:100,000,and 1:200,000.

Once epinephrine is absorbed,what happens to the action of the epinephrine?

Local Anesthesia in Dental Hygiene Practice: an Introduction

Neurophysiology

Pharmacology of Local Anesthetic Agents

Local Anesthetic Agents

Topical Anesthetic Agents

Preanesthetic Assessment

Determining Drug Doses

Armamentariumsyringe Preparation

Anatomic Considerations for the Administration of Local Anesthesia

Basic Injection Techniques

Maxillary Nerve Anesthesia

Mandibular Nerve Anesthesia

Local Anesthetic Complications

Legal Considerations and Risk Management

Filters