Question 1

Regarding punishment,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Punishment is a poor choice to use when teaching children to eat politely or during toilet training. 
B)  People and situations associated with punishment often become feared or disliked. 
C)  The use of punishment tends to significantly decrease aggressiveness in children. 
D)  Intense punishment may permanently suppress responding, even for actions as basic as eating. 
A)  Punishment is a poor choice to use when teaching children to eat politely or during toilet training. 
B)  People and situations associated with punishment often become feared or disliked. 
C)  The use of punishment tends to significantly decrease aggressiveness in children. 
D)  Intense punishment may permanently suppress responding, even for actions as basic as eating.

Question 2

Rhonda has always gotten people's attention by acting "silly," but she wants to get out of this habit.So,she practices intelligent but interesting "starter" conversations to keep people's attention.Rhonda is using which strategy for breaking a bad habit?

Accepted Answer

A)  breaking up response chains 
B)  cues and antecedents 
C)  alternate responses 
D)  extinction 
A)  breaking up response chains 
B)  cues and antecedents 
C)  alternate responses 
D)  extinction

Question 3

Regarding learning,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Classical and operant conditioning involve reflex or skilled learning and do not involve any "mental" elements. 
B)  As humans, we are greatly affected by information, expectations, perceptions, and mental images. 
C)  Cognitive learning involves memory, thinking, problem solving, and language. 
D)  As a human, you can anticipate future reward or punishment and react accordingly. 
A)  Classical and operant conditioning involve reflex or skilled learning and do not involve any "mental" elements. 
B)  As humans, we are greatly affected by information, expectations, perceptions, and mental images. 
C)  Cognitive learning involves memory, thinking, problem solving, and language. 
D)  As a human, you can anticipate future reward or punishment and react accordingly.

Question 4

If you want to exercise more,attend more classes,concentrate longer,or read more books,one of the best solutions would be to

Accepted Answer

A)  attend a Gestalt encounter group. 
B)  use behavioral self-management. 
C)  use systematic desensitization. 
D)  learn and use self-hypnosis. 
A)  attend a Gestalt encounter group. 
B)  use behavioral self-management. 
C)  use systematic desensitization. 
D)  learn and use self-hypnosis.

Question 5

The basic tools available to control simple learning work best when used

Accepted Answer

A)  independently. 
B)  in combination. 
C)  randomly across situations. 
D)  in succession until one finally works. 
A)  independently. 
B)  in combination. 
C)  randomly across situations. 
D)  in succession until one finally works.

Question 6

Two groups of well-trained rats were placed on extinction.One group was punished with a slap on the paw for each bar press,while the other group was not.The experimenters found that bar pressing

Accepted Answer

A)  reached extinction quicker for the rats whose paws were slapped. 
B)  reached extinction quicker for the rats whose paws were not slapped. 
C)  temporarily slowed for the rats whose paws were slapped with no difference in extinction time. 
D)  remained high for both groups with extinction never being reached for either group of rats. 
A)  reached extinction quicker for the rats whose paws were slapped. 
B)  reached extinction quicker for the rats whose paws were not slapped. 
C)  temporarily slowed for the rats whose paws were slapped with no difference in extinction time. 
D)  remained high for both groups with extinction never being reached for either group of rats.

Question 7

In a classic study of angry adolescent boys who were severely punished at home,it was found that

Accepted Answer

A)  they continued to be aggressive at home and at school. 
B)  they continued to be aggressive at home, but not at school. 
C)  their misbehavior was suppressed at home, but they were aggressive at school. 
D)  their misbehavior and aggression were suppressed both at home and at school. 
A)  they continued to be aggressive at home and at school. 
B)  they continued to be aggressive at home, but not at school. 
C)  their misbehavior was suppressed at home, but they were aggressive at school. 
D)  their misbehavior and aggression were suppressed both at home and at school.

Question 8

Concerning the effects of video game and television on aggression,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The more personalized, intimate experience of video games may heighten the impact of the violence. 
B)  By practicing violence against other people, video game players may learn to be aggressive in real life. 
C)  The repeated exposure to violence in video games and television desensitizes viewers, making them less likely to react negatively to violence and, hence, more prone to engage in it. 
D)  After watching television or playing a violent video game, only young children show an increase in aggression, not adolescents and adults. 
A)  The more personalized, intimate experience of video games may heighten the impact of the violence. 
B)  By practicing violence against other people, video game players may learn to be aggressive in real life. 
C)  The repeated exposure to violence in video games and television desensitizes viewers, making them less likely to react negatively to violence and, hence, more prone to engage in it. 
D)  After watching television or playing a violent video game, only young children show an increase in aggression, not adolescents and adults.

Question 9

Responses are strengthened by

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement. 
B)  nonreinforcement. 
C)  punishment. 
D)  all of these. 
A)  reinforcement. 
B)  nonreinforcement. 
C)  punishment. 
D)  all of these.

Question 10

Which of the following involves a simple tally of response frequencies that can help you break undesirable behavior patterns and provides feedback about your progress in developing desirable behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive mapping 
B)  cumulative charting 
C)  self-recording 
D)  response chaining 
A)  cognitive mapping 
B)  cumulative charting 
C)  self-recording 
D)  response chaining

Question 11

Regarding escape and avoidance learning,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Avoidance learning involves making a response in order to postpone or prevent discomfort. 
B)  Each time a situation is avoided, the person is reinforced by a sense of relief. 
C)  Frequent punishment discourages the occurrence of escape and avoidance learning. 
D)  Escape learning is based on negative reinforcement. 
A)  Avoidance learning involves making a response in order to postpone or prevent discomfort. 
B)  Each time a situation is avoided, the person is reinforced by a sense of relief. 
C)  Frequent punishment discourages the occurrence of escape and avoidance learning. 
D)  Escape learning is based on negative reinforcement.

Question 12

An English teacher encourages her students to write the main aspects of the short story the class is reading into ovals and then draw lines connecting the various themes and concepts.Thus,for this short story,this teacher is encouraging her students to make a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  ablation. 
B)  behavioral contract. 
C)  cognitive map. 
D)  projective assessment. 
A)  ablation. 
B)  behavioral contract. 
C)  cognitive map. 
D)  projective assessment.

Question 13

Regarding pain,frustration,and punishment,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Animals, even pets, often react to pain by attacking whomever or whatever else is around. 
B)  Humans who are in pain are more likely to withdraw from others than to lash out at them. 
C)  One of the most common responses to frustration is aggression. 
D)  Since punishment is painful, frustrating, or both, punishment sets up a powerful environment for learning aggression. 
A)  Animals, even pets, often react to pain by attacking whomever or whatever else is around. 
B)  Humans who are in pain are more likely to withdraw from others than to lash out at them. 
C)  One of the most common responses to frustration is aggression. 
D)  Since punishment is painful, frustrating, or both, punishment sets up a powerful environment for learning aggression.

Question 14

A behavior that is learned by modeling or observation must be maintained by

Accepted Answer

A)  repeated observations of the model. 
B)  direct chaining of the behaviors. 
C)  direct reinforcement of the behavior once it is modeled. 
D)  positive transfer of the behavior to other new responses. 
A)  repeated observations of the model. 
B)  direct chaining of the behaviors. 
C)  direct reinforcement of the behavior once it is modeled. 
D)  positive transfer of the behavior to other new responses.

Question 15

A formal agreement stating behaviors to be changed and consequences that apply is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  the Premack principle. 
B)  higher order conditioning. 
C)  a behavioral contract. 
D)  self-recording. 
A)  the Premack principle. 
B)  higher order conditioning. 
C)  a behavioral contract. 
D)  self-recording.

Question 16

Learning that involves mechanical repetition and memorization is known as __________ learning.

Accepted Answer

A)  rote 
B)  discovery 
C)  antecedent 
D)  respondent 
A)  rote 
B)  discovery 
C)  antecedent 
D)  respondent

Question 17

Greg has not been making any progress toward his weight loss for the past six months.So,he and his wife draw up a formal agreement in which he states that he will meet weekly weight loss goals with the rewards for meeting these goals listed and the consequences he will incur if he does not meet his weekly goal.Greg and his wife are utilizing which of the following to help Greg lose weight?

Accepted Answer

A)  the Premack principle 
B)  higher order conditioning 
C)  a behavioral contract 
D)  self-recording 
A)  the Premack principle 
B)  higher order conditioning 
C)  a behavioral contract 
D)  self-recording

Question 18

Skills,such as dancing,tying your shoe,or playing a guitar,are most easily learned through

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  verbal instruction. 
C)  modeling. 
D)  instrumental learning. 
A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  verbal instruction. 
C)  modeling. 
D)  instrumental learning.

Question 19

Using punishment can be "habit forming" because putting a stop to someone else's irritating behavior can

Accepted Answer

A)  positively reinforce the person who applied the punishment. 
B)  negatively reinforce the person who applied the punishment. 
C)  encourage the person to use punishment less often in the future. 
D)  lead to the liberal use of positive reinforcers. 
A)  positively reinforce the person who applied the punishment. 
B)  negatively reinforce the person who applied the punishment. 
C)  encourage the person to use punishment less often in the future. 
D)  lead to the liberal use of positive reinforcers.

Question 20

Today's eight to 18-year-olds spend an average of how many hours per week engaged in various media,including television,video games,movies,the Internet,music,and print media?

Accepted Answer

A)  less than 25 hours 
B)  36 hours 
C)  40 hours 
D)  over 50 hours 
A)  less than 25 hours 
B)  36 hours 
C)  40 hours 
D)  over 50 hours

Exam 6: C: Conditioning and Learning

Regarding punishment,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Rhonda has always gotten people's attention by acting "silly," but she wants to get out of this habit.So,she practices intelligent but interesting "starter" conversations to keep people's attention.Rhonda is using which strategy for breaking a bad habit?

Regarding learning,which of the following statements is FALSE?

If you want to exercise more,attend more classes,concentrate longer,or read more books,one of the best solutions would be to

The basic tools available to control simple learning work best when used

Two groups of well-trained rats were placed on extinction.One group was punished with a slap on the paw for each bar press,while the other group was not.The experimenters found that bar pressing

In a classic study of angry adolescent boys who were severely punished at home,it was found that

Concerning the effects of video game and television on aggression,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Responses are strengthened by

Which of the following involves a simple tally of response frequencies that can help you break undesirable behavior patterns and provides feedback about your progress in developing desirable behaviors?

Regarding escape and avoidance learning,which of the following statements is FALSE?

An English teacher encourages her students to write the main aspects of the short story the class is reading into ovals and then draw lines connecting the various themes and concepts.Thus,for this short story,this teacher is encouraging her students to make a(n)

Regarding pain,frustration,and punishment,which of the following statements is FALSE?

A behavior that is learned by modeling or observation must be maintained by

A formal agreement stating behaviors to be changed and consequences that apply is known as

Learning that involves mechanical repetition and memorization is known as __________ learning.

Skills,such as dancing,tying your shoe,or playing a guitar,are most easily learned through

Using punishment can be "habit forming" because putting a stop to someone else's irritating behavior can

Today's eight to 18-year-olds spend an average of how many hours per week engaged in various media,including television,video games,movies,the Internet,music,and print media?

A: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

C: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

A: Brain and Behavior

C: Brain and Behavior

A: Human Development

B: Human Development

C: Human Development

D: Human Development

A: Sensation and Perception

B: Sensation and Perception

C: Sensation and Perception

D: Sensation and Perception

A: States of Consciousness

B: States of Consciousness

C: States of Consciousness

D: States of Consciousness

A: Conditioning and Learning

B: Conditioning and Learning

D: Conditioning and Learning

A: Memory

B: Memory

C: Memory

A: Cognition,language,and Creativity

B: Cognition,language,and Creativity

C: Cognition,language,and Creativity

A: Intelligence

B: Intelligence

C: Intelligence

A: Motivation and Emotion

B: Motivation and Emotion

C: Motivation and Emotion

D: Motivation and Emotion

A: Gender and Sexuality

B: Gender and Sexuality

C: Gender and Sexuality

D: Gender and Sexuality Completion

A: Personality

B: Personality

C: Personality

D: Personality

A: Health,stress,and Coping

B: Health,stress,and Coping

C: Health,stress,and Coping

A: Psychological Disorders

B: Psychological Disorders

C: Psychological Disorders

D: Psychological Disorders

A: Therapies

B: Therapies

C: Therapies

D: Therapies

A: Social Thinking and Social Influence

B: Social Thinking and Social Influence

C: Social Thinking and Social Influence

A: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

B: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

C: Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

A: Applied Psychology

B: Applied Psychology