Question 1

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) decreases,

Accepted Answer

A)  a concentrated urine is produced. 
B)  less urine is produced. 
C)  the osmolarity of the urine decreases. 
D)  permeability to water in the collecting system increases. 
E)  water reabsorption increases in the nephron loop. 
A)  a concentrated urine is produced. 
B)  less urine is produced. 
C)  the osmolarity of the urine decreases. 
D)  permeability to water in the collecting system increases. 
E)  water reabsorption increases in the nephron loop.

Question 2

Figure 26-1 The Structure of the Kidney
  
Use Figure 26-1 to answer the following questions:
-Identify the structure labeled "3."

Accepted Answer

A)  renal sinus 
B)  fibrous capsule 
C)  renal pyramid 
D)  renal papilla 
E)  renal column 
A)  renal sinus 
B)  fibrous capsule 
C)  renal pyramid 
D)  renal papilla 
E)  renal column

Question 3

Figure 26-2 The Nephron
  
Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions:
-Identify the structure labeled "6."

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  distal convoluted tubule 
C)  collecting duct 
D)  nephron loop 
E)  glomerulus 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  distal convoluted tubule 
C)  collecting duct 
D)  nephron loop 
E)  glomerulus

Question 4

The inability of the kidneys to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulonephritis. 
B)  polycystic kidney disease. 
C)  calculi. 
D)  renal failure. 
E)  hematuria. 
A)  glomerulonephritis. 
B)  polycystic kidney disease. 
C)  calculi. 
D)  renal failure. 
E)  hematuria.

Question 5

A drug that inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) may lead to all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  less secretion of aldosterone. 
B)  increased urinary loss of sodium. 
C)  reduction of blood pressure. 
D)  decreased sodium reabsorption. 
E)  increased fluid retention. 
A)  less secretion of aldosterone. 
B)  increased urinary loss of sodium. 
C)  reduction of blood pressure. 
D)  decreased sodium reabsorption. 
E)  increased fluid retention.

Question 6

The ability to form concentrated urine depends on the functions of the

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
B)  distal convoluted tubule. 
C)  collecting duct. 
D)  nephron loop (loop of Henle). 
E)  nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct. 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
B)  distal convoluted tubule. 
C)  collecting duct. 
D)  nephron loop (loop of Henle). 
E)  nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct.

Question 7

Excess release of natriuretic peptides would cause

Accepted Answer

A)  a large volume of concentrated urine. 
B)  a large volume of dilute urine. 
C)  a small volume of concentrated urine. 
D)  a small volume of dilute urine. 
E)  a small volume of urine void of sodium. 
A)  a large volume of concentrated urine. 
B)  a large volume of dilute urine. 
C)  a small volume of concentrated urine. 
D)  a small volume of dilute urine. 
E)  a small volume of urine void of sodium.

Question 8

The majority of cotransporters and countertransporters are linked to the reabsorption of what ion?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen 
B)  sodium 
C)  potassium 
D)  bicarbonate 
E)  chloride 
A)  hydrogen 
B)  sodium 
C)  potassium 
D)  bicarbonate 
E)  chloride

Question 9

Sympathetic stimulation of the kidney can do all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  produce powerful vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles. 
B)  increase the glomerular filtration rate. 
C)  trigger renin release. 
D)  produce renal ischemia. 
E)  reduce blood flow to kidneys. 
A)  produce powerful vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles. 
B)  increase the glomerular filtration rate. 
C)  trigger renin release. 
D)  produce renal ischemia. 
E)  reduce blood flow to kidneys.

Question 10

Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by

Accepted Answer

A)  blood vessels. 
B)  lymphatics. 
C)  the ureters. 
D)  the urethra. 
E)  the calyces. 
A)  blood vessels. 
B)  lymphatics. 
C)  the ureters. 
D)  the urethra. 
E)  the calyces.

Question 11

The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  renal papilla. 
B)  renal pelvis. 
C)  renal medulla. 
D)  renal cortex. 
E)  renal sinus. 
A)  renal papilla. 
B)  renal pelvis. 
C)  renal medulla. 
D)  renal cortex. 
E)  renal sinus.

Question 12

The filtration pressure at the glomerulus is equal to

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular hydrostatic pressure - (capsular hydrostatic pressure + interstitial fluid osmotic pressure). 
B)  capsular hydrostatic pressure + capsular colloid osmotic pressure + glomerular hydrostatic pressure. 
C)  glomerular hydrostatic pressure - (capsular hydrostatic pressure + blood colloid osmotic pressure). 
D)  (capsular hydrostatic pressure + capsular colloid osmotic pressure) - glomerular hydrostatic pressure. 
E)  glomerular hydrostatic pressure - (capsular hydrostatic pressure + capsular colloid osmotic pressure). 
A)  glomerular hydrostatic pressure - (capsular hydrostatic pressure + interstitial fluid osmotic pressure). 
B)  capsular hydrostatic pressure + capsular colloid osmotic pressure + glomerular hydrostatic pressure. 
C)  glomerular hydrostatic pressure - (capsular hydrostatic pressure + blood colloid osmotic pressure). 
D)  (capsular hydrostatic pressure + capsular colloid osmotic pressure) - glomerular hydrostatic pressure. 
E)  glomerular hydrostatic pressure - (capsular hydrostatic pressure + capsular colloid osmotic pressure).

Question 13

A transport mechanism that can move a substance against a concentration gradient by using cellular energy is

Accepted Answer

A)  simple diffusion. 
B)  facilitated diffusion. 
C)  osmosis. 
D)  bulk transport. 
E)  active transport. 
A)  simple diffusion. 
B)  facilitated diffusion. 
C)  osmosis. 
D)  bulk transport. 
E)  active transport.

Question 14

Functions of the urinary system include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  regulation of blood volume and blood pressure. 
B)  regulation of plasma concentration of certain ions. 
C)  helping to stabilize blood pH. 
D)  conservation of valuable nutrients. 
E)  storage of fat-soluble vitamins. 
A)  regulation of blood volume and blood pressure. 
B)  regulation of plasma concentration of certain ions. 
C)  helping to stabilize blood pH. 
D)  conservation of valuable nutrients. 
E)  storage of fat-soluble vitamins.

Question 15

Which of the following substances should not be filtered?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  water 
C)  proteins 
D)  amino acids 
E)  fatty acids 
A)  glucose 
B)  water 
C)  proteins 
D)  amino acids 
E)  fatty acids

Question 16

Figure 26-2 The Nephron
  
Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions:
-Which area is sensitive to aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  1 
C)  4 
D)  3 
E)  5 
A)  2 
B)  1 
C)  4 
D)  3 
E)  5

Question 17

An important structure for blood pressure regulation is the

Accepted Answer

A)  collecting duct. 
B)  nephron loop. 
C)  papillary duct. 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  juxtaglomerular complex. 
A)  collecting duct. 
B)  nephron loop. 
C)  papillary duct. 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  juxtaglomerular complex.

Question 18

All of the following would result in an increase in renin release except

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased blood pressure at the glomerulus. 
B)  blockage in the renal artery. 
C)  increased blood volume. 
D)  stimulation of juxtaglomerular cells. 
E)  decreased osmotic concentration at the macula densa. 
A)  decreased blood pressure at the glomerulus. 
B)  blockage in the renal artery. 
C)  increased blood volume. 
D)  stimulation of juxtaglomerular cells. 
E)  decreased osmotic concentration at the macula densa.

Question 19

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

Accepted Answer

A)  nephron loop (loop of Henle). 
B)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  papillary tubule. 
E)  calyx. 
A)  nephron loop (loop of Henle). 
B)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  papillary tubule. 
E)  calyx.

Question 20

In the renal corpuscle, the visceral layer is a layer of specialized cells called

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulocytes. 
B)  juxtaglomerular cells. 
C)  tubular cells. 
D)  macula densa cells. 
E)  podocytes. 
A)  glomerulocytes. 
B)  juxtaglomerular cells. 
C)  tubular cells. 
D)  macula densa cells. 
E)  podocytes.

Exam 26: The Urinary System

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) decreases,

Figure 26-1 The Structure of the Kidney Use Figure 26-1 to answer the following questions: -Identify the structure labeled "3."

Figure 26-2 The Nephron Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions: -Identify the structure labeled "6."

The inability of the kidneys to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is

A drug that inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) may lead to all of the following except

The ability to form concentrated urine depends on the functions of the

Excess release of natriuretic peptides would cause

The majority of cotransporters and countertransporters are linked to the reabsorption of what ion?

Sympathetic stimulation of the kidney can do all of the following except

Urine is carried to the urinary bladder by

The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the

The filtration pressure at the glomerulus is equal to

A transport mechanism that can move a substance against a concentration gradient by using cellular energy is

Functions of the urinary system include all of the following except

Which of the following substances should not be filtered?

Figure 26-2 The Nephron Use Figure 26-2 to answer the following questions: -Which area is sensitive to aldosterone?

An important structure for blood pressure regulation is the

All of the following would result in an increase in renin release except

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

In the renal corpuscle, the visceral layer is a layer of specialized cells called

An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

The Chemical Level of Organization

The Cellular Level of Organization

The Tissue Level of Organization

The Integumentary System

Bones and Bone Structure

The Axial Skeleton

The Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscle Tissue

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The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes

The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System

The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions

The Special Senses

The Endocrine System

Blood

The Heart

Blood Vessels and Circulation

The Lymphatic System and Immunity

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism, Nutrition, and Energetics

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

The Reproductive System

Development and Inheritance

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