Exam 13: Early Holocene Hunters and Gatherers

Compare and contrast the Clovis, Folsom, Dalton and Plano Archaeological complexes and detail the importance of each to the lifestyles of the people who used them.

Using Star Carr or another important site as an example, explain how specific archaeological findings may be used to interpret early Holocene lifeways.

How do human cultural patterns change at the beginning of the Holocene? What is the role of the environment in this shift? Compare and contrast these developments in Europe, North America, and the Near East.

An increase of average July temperature by perhaps 20 degrees Fahrenheit has meant much that we have yet to learn about Upper Paleolithic and Archaic/Mesolithic coastal adaptations lies buried under hundreds of feet of seawater off modern coastlines.

If people traveled along the pacific coast beginning about 17,000-15,000 ya, when New World inhabitants were suspected as having come from Asia, climatic conditions would have been different than those in the interior. How?

Which model for the initial settlement is not dependent on the cycle of glacial and inter-glacial periods?

Which of the following constituted the primary plant resources utilized in prehistoric California?

Knowing when people arrived in the New World is necessarily tied with where they came, because the two tell us where to search in the archaeological record for the first immigrants. Why?

How did early Holocene human subsistence patterns differ from those during the late Pleistocene?

During the early and middle Holocene, many groups adopt an intensive hunting, fishing, and gathering lifestyle.

Paleoindians almost exclusively hunted megafauna.

Which of the following best describes the nature of Upper Paleolithic occupations in the New World?

The site of Star Carr, near the North Sea coast, served as a seasonal

How do foraging and food collecting compare and contrast as subsistence strategies? What are some implications for each with regard to other cultural consequences: group size, mobility, exchange, effect on natural species, etc.?

The Bering Land Bridge represents the technologically simplest point of entry to the New World.

Which of the following best describes the importance of the Monte Verde site?

Groups with a subsistence strategy of relying on a wide range of locally available foods which are brought back to base camps are defined as:

Which of the following conclusions have NOT been reached concerning variability in Native American mtDNA?

Which of the following best describes the changes in subsistence practices of groups during the early and middle Holocene?

The earliest skeletons from the New World show greater biological diversity than do modern Native Americans.