Question 1

Match the following cellular structures with their primary function (you may need to use a function more than once).
-Golgi apparatus

Accepted Answer

A) photosynthesis 
B) regulate what moves in and out of cell 
C) structure and support for cell 
D) lipid synthesis 
E) tags proteins for movement
F)enzymatic breakdown of large molecules
G)protein synthesis
H)cellular respiration
I)water and solute storage
J)location of DNA
K)internal organization and structural support 
A) photosynthesis 
B) regulate what moves in and out of cell 
C) structure and support for cell 
D) lipid synthesis 
E) tags proteins for movement
F)enzymatic breakdown of large molecules
G)protein synthesis
H)cellular respiration
I)water and solute storage
J)location of DNA
K)internal organization and structural support

Question 2

An amoeba,a protozoan that moves by pseudopodia,approaches a smaller protozoan and extends its pseudopodia (extensions of cytoplasm in plasma membrane)around the smaller protozoan.Once the amoeba's pseudopodia completely surrounds the other protozoan,the amoeba's plasma membrane pinches off by folding back into the amoeba and creating a vesicle containing the smaller protozoan.This vesicle is now within the amoeba itself and will soon fuse with other vesicles containing digestive enzymes.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) pinocytosis. 
B) exocytosis. 
C) osmosis. 
D) phagocytosis. 
A) pinocytosis. 
B) exocytosis. 
C) osmosis. 
D) phagocytosis.

Question 3

Examine the figure below.If each sugar molecule represents a percentage point of sugar dissolved in the solution,what change would you expect to see in the solution level over time and why?

Accepted Answer

A) The solution level on the left side of the figure would rise while the solution level on the right side of the figure would decrease.This is because the solution on the left side of the figure is hypertonic while the solution on the right side of the figure is hypotonic. 
B) The solution level on the left side of the figure would decrease while the solution level on the right side of the figure would rise.This is because the solution on the left side of the figure is hypertonic while the solution on the right side of the figure is hypotonic. 
C) The solution level on the left side of the figure would decrease while the solution level on the right side of the figure would rise.This is because the solution on the left side of the figure is hypotonic while the solution on the right side of the figure is hypertonic. 
D) There will be no net movement of water because the solutions are isotonic. 
A) The solution level on the left side of the figure would rise while the solution level on the right side of the figure would decrease.This is because the solution on the left side of the figure is hypertonic while the solution on the right side of the figure is hypotonic. 
B) The solution level on the left side of the figure would decrease while the solution level on the right side of the figure would rise.This is because the solution on the left side of the figure is hypertonic while the solution on the right side of the figure is hypotonic. 
C) The solution level on the left side of the figure would decrease while the solution level on the right side of the figure would rise.This is because the solution on the left side of the figure is hypotonic while the solution on the right side of the figure is hypertonic. 
D) There will be no net movement of water because the solutions are isotonic.

Question 4

Indicate which cell in this figure is the plant cell and which is the animal cell.Label all cellular structures 1-12 in both cells.Include a very brief description of each organelle's function with its label.Use an asterisk to indicate which structures are unique to plant cells.

Accepted Answer

The cell on the left is the animal cell.

Question 5

Your muscle cells need large amounts of ATP to function in the movement of your body.Which of the following organelles would you expect to be especially abundant in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

A) mitochondria 
B) ribosomes 
C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
D) lysosomes 
A) mitochondria 
B) ribosomes 
C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
D) lysosomes

Question 6

An experiment mixed together oil (lipids),organophosphate-containing detergent in water,and copper ions to act as a catalyst for a chemical reaction.Membranes budded off of the oil in this mixture.Which of the following is a reasonable and possible explanation of the experimental results?

Accepted Answer

A) The chemical reaction caused the organophosphates from the detergent to chemically combine with lipids from the oil to form phospholipids.The hydrophilic tails lined up towards each other with their hydrophobic heads pointing out towards the water;this configuration formed a phospholipid bilayer that pulled into a liposome. 
B) The chemical reaction caused the organophosphates from the detergent to chemically combine with lipids from the oil to form phospholipids with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.The hydrophobic tails lined up towards each other with their hydrophilic heads pointing out towards the water;this configuration formed a phospholipid bilayer that pulled into a spherical liposome. 
C) The copper ions permanently,chemically combined with the lipids to form phospholipids.The hydrophilic tails lined up towards each other with their hydrophobic heads pointing out towards the water;this configuration formed a phospholipid bilayer that pulled into a liposome. 
D) The copper ions permanently,chemically combined with the lipids and phosphates to form phospholipids.The hydrophilic tails lined up towards each other with their hydrophobic heads pointing out towards the water;this configuration formed a phospholipid bilayer that pulled into a liposome. 
A) The chemical reaction caused the organophosphates from the detergent to chemically combine with lipids from the oil to form phospholipids.The hydrophilic tails lined up towards each other with their hydrophobic heads pointing out towards the water;this configuration formed a phospholipid bilayer that pulled into a liposome. 
B) The chemical reaction caused the organophosphates from the detergent to chemically combine with lipids from the oil to form phospholipids with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.The hydrophobic tails lined up towards each other with their hydrophilic heads pointing out towards the water;this configuration formed a phospholipid bilayer that pulled into a spherical liposome. 
C) The copper ions permanently,chemically combined with the lipids to form phospholipids.The hydrophilic tails lined up towards each other with their hydrophobic heads pointing out towards the water;this configuration formed a phospholipid bilayer that pulled into a liposome. 
D) The copper ions permanently,chemically combined with the lipids and phosphates to form phospholipids.The hydrophilic tails lined up towards each other with their hydrophobic heads pointing out towards the water;this configuration formed a phospholipid bilayer that pulled into a liposome.

Question 7

Which of the following would be likely to move through a plasma membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

A) water (H₂O),carbon dioxide (CO₂),oxygen (O₂) 
B) polysaccharides,large protein molecules,low-density lipoprotein particles 
C) bacteria and yeast 
D) sodium ions (Na⁺),hydrogen ions (H⁺),sugars,and amino acids 
A) water (H₂O),carbon dioxide (CO₂),oxygen (O₂) 
B) polysaccharides,large protein molecules,low-density lipoprotein particles 
C) bacteria and yeast 
D) sodium ions (Na⁺),hydrogen ions (H⁺),sugars,and amino acids

Question 8

Which of the following can be used to accurately describe viruses?

Accepted Answer

A) They are small,cellular infectious agents that are only capable of reproducing when inside a living cell,and they can attack plants as well as animals. 
B) Each is typically a piece of genetic material encased in proteins,and they can reproduce on their own. 
C) They can attack plants,animals,and protozoans,and each is typically a piece of self-replicating genetic material encased in proteins. 
D) Typically just a piece of genetic material encased in proteins,viruses are small,non-cellular infectious agents that are only capable of reproducing when inside a living cell such as those of plants,animals,fungi,protozoans,or bacteria. 
A) They are small,cellular infectious agents that are only capable of reproducing when inside a living cell,and they can attack plants as well as animals. 
B) Each is typically a piece of genetic material encased in proteins,and they can reproduce on their own. 
C) They can attack plants,animals,and protozoans,and each is typically a piece of self-replicating genetic material encased in proteins. 
D) Typically just a piece of genetic material encased in proteins,viruses are small,non-cellular infectious agents that are only capable of reproducing when inside a living cell such as those of plants,animals,fungi,protozoans,or bacteria.

Question 9

Using the compound light microscope in the lab room,you observe a wet mount slide preparation.You observe layers of cells that have a definite,rigid,rectangular shape;there appears to be a nucleus in all of the cells and there are many oval-shaped green structures that seem to be moving around inside of the cells in an orderly fashion.What general cell type are you most likely observing?

Accepted Answer

A) prokaryotic and plant 
B) prokaryotic and animal 
C) eukaryotic and plant 
D) eukaryotic and animal 
A) prokaryotic and plant 
B) prokaryotic and animal 
C) eukaryotic and plant 
D) eukaryotic and animal

Question 10

Match the following cellular structures with their primary function (you may need to use a function more than once).
-rough endoplasmic reticulum

Accepted Answer

A) photosynthesis 
B) regulate what moves in and out of cell 
C) structure and support for cell 
D) lipid synthesis 
E) tags proteins for movement
F)enzymatic breakdown of large molecules
G)protein synthesis
H)cellular respiration
I)water and solute storage
J)location of DNA
K)internal organization and structural support 
A) photosynthesis 
B) regulate what moves in and out of cell 
C) structure and support for cell 
D) lipid synthesis 
E) tags proteins for movement
F)enzymatic breakdown of large molecules
G)protein synthesis
H)cellular respiration
I)water and solute storage
J)location of DNA
K)internal organization and structural support

Question 11

Phospholipids are large organic molecules with a ________,polar phosphate head connected to ________,nonpolar fatty acid tails.How do these molecules arrange themselves to form a mostly impermeable barrier between a liposome and its environment?

Accepted Answer

A) hydrophilic;hydrophobic;They line up hydrophilic head to hydrophilic head with the tails all facing outward from the center line of the membrane. 
B) hydrophilic;hydrophobic;They line up hydrophobic tails facing each other at the center line of the membrane with the hydrophilic heads facing outward,away from the center line of the membrane. 
C) hydrophobic;hydrophilic;They line up hydrophobic tails facing each other with the hydrophilic heads facing outward,away from the center line of the membrane. 
D) hydrophobic;hydrophilic;They line up hydrophilic head to hydrophilic head with the tails all facing outward from the center line of the membrane. 
A) hydrophilic;hydrophobic;They line up hydrophilic head to hydrophilic head with the tails all facing outward from the center line of the membrane. 
B) hydrophilic;hydrophobic;They line up hydrophobic tails facing each other at the center line of the membrane with the hydrophilic heads facing outward,away from the center line of the membrane. 
C) hydrophobic;hydrophilic;They line up hydrophobic tails facing each other with the hydrophilic heads facing outward,away from the center line of the membrane. 
D) hydrophobic;hydrophilic;They line up hydrophilic head to hydrophilic head with the tails all facing outward from the center line of the membrane.

Question 12

The Golgi apparatus

Accepted Answer

A) is the place where a cell's genetic material is stored. 
B) sorts proteins and lipids and sends them to their final destination. 
C) captures energy from sunlight and sends it to the mitochondria. 
D) creates energy by converting ribosomes to proteins. 
A) is the place where a cell's genetic material is stored. 
B) sorts proteins and lipids and sends them to their final destination. 
C) captures energy from sunlight and sends it to the mitochondria. 
D) creates energy by converting ribosomes to proteins.

Question 13

This figure depicts a transport protein in a plasma membrane.The dark blue molecules represent a protein that is being transported out of the cell.Is the transport of the protein active or passive? Support your answer by describing evidence visible in the figure and stating its significance regarding your answer.

Accepted Answer

The protein transport is active transpor

Question 14

A cell containing a nucleus,mitochondria,Golgi apparatus,both smooth and rough ER,ribosomes,cytoskeleton,a large vacuole,and chloroplasts would be an example of a typical ________ cell.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A cell containing a nucleus,mitochondria,Golgi apparatus,both smooth...

Question 15

From what substance do liposomes spontaneously form and why are they important?

Accepted Answer

A) Liposomes spontaneously form from DNA and proteins and provide a rigid structure to support the cell. 
B) They are formed from phospholipid monolayers.These phospholipid monolayers provide a stable barrier between the internal and external environments. 
C) Liposomes were the first rigid cell walls providing support for the living cell and a barrier between the external and internal environments. 
D) Liposomes form from phospholipid bilayers and provide a barrier between an external environment and an internal environment;this creates an internal environment where specific chemical reactions needed to establish a living cell can occur separately from the external environment. 
A) Liposomes spontaneously form from DNA and proteins and provide a rigid structure to support the cell. 
B) They are formed from phospholipid monolayers.These phospholipid monolayers provide a stable barrier between the internal and external environments. 
C) Liposomes were the first rigid cell walls providing support for the living cell and a barrier between the external and internal environments. 
D) Liposomes form from phospholipid bilayers and provide a barrier between an external environment and an internal environment;this creates an internal environment where specific chemical reactions needed to establish a living cell can occur separately from the external environment.

Question 16

Adenine (A),thymine (T),guanine (G),and cytosine (C)are the ________ building blocks for DNA;they are organized in different combinations to code for all of the proteins needed to accomplish everything the cell does.

Accepted Answer

A) carbohydrate 
B) nucleotide 
C) protein 
D) lipid 
A) carbohydrate 
B) nucleotide 
C) protein 
D) lipid

Question 17

Some antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections kill the bacteria by chemically punching holes in the cell wall of the bacteria,by preventing the bacteria from replicating their DNA,or by many other actions that ultimately cause cell death.Why do these antibiotics not work to kill viruses and cure people of viral infections?

Accepted Answer

A) Antibiotics cannot kill a virus because viruses are not living cells with cell walls to puncture,nor do they have their own organelles to replicate DNA. 
B) Viruses are just too virulent to be killed by those antibiotics. 
C) Viruses are too quick for the antibiotics to work. 
D) Viruses mutate at a rate faster than the rate at which antibiotics can work to kill them. 
A) Antibiotics cannot kill a virus because viruses are not living cells with cell walls to puncture,nor do they have their own organelles to replicate DNA. 
B) Viruses are just too virulent to be killed by those antibiotics. 
C) Viruses are too quick for the antibiotics to work. 
D) Viruses mutate at a rate faster than the rate at which antibiotics can work to kill them.

Question 18

Which of the following help increase the selective permeability of a phospholipid bilayer membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) transport proteins 
B) channel proteins 
C) passive carrier proteins 
D) Transport proteins,channel proteins,and passive carrier proteins all help increase the selective permeability of a phospholipid bilayer membrane. 
A) transport proteins 
B) channel proteins 
C) passive carrier proteins 
D) Transport proteins,channel proteins,and passive carrier proteins all help increase the selective permeability of a phospholipid bilayer membrane.

Question 19

Why would hydrophilic substances such as sodium ions (Na⁺),hydrogen ions (H⁺),sugars,and amino acids be unable to simply diffuse across a plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A) They readily mix with the hydrophobic tails forming the core of the phospholipid bilayer. 
B) They are repelled by the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipids that form the phospholipid bilayer. 
C) They do not readily mix with the hydrophobic tails forming the core of the phospholipid bilayer;therefore,they must move across by facilitated diffusion. 
D) They do not readily mix with the hydrophobic tails forming the core of the phospholipid bilayer;therefore,the only way they can move into the cell is by endocytosis. 
A) They readily mix with the hydrophobic tails forming the core of the phospholipid bilayer. 
B) They are repelled by the hydrophilic heads of the phospholipids that form the phospholipid bilayer. 
C) They do not readily mix with the hydrophobic tails forming the core of the phospholipid bilayer;therefore,they must move across by facilitated diffusion. 
D) They do not readily mix with the hydrophobic tails forming the core of the phospholipid bilayer;therefore,the only way they can move into the cell is by endocytosis.

Question 20

Viruses use their ________ material to take over their host cell's metabolic machinery to produce the components needed for the virus to reproduce.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Viruses use their ________ material to take...

Match the following cellular structures with their primary function (you may need to use a function more than once). -Golgi apparatus

Examine the figure below.If each sugar molecule represents a percentage point of sugar dissolved in the solution,what change would you expect to see in the solution level over time and why?

Indicate which cell in this figure is the plant cell and which is the animal cell.Label all cellular structures 1-12 in both cells.Include a very brief description of each organelle's function with its label.Use an asterisk to indicate which structures are unique to plant cells.

Your muscle cells need large amounts of ATP to function in the movement of your body.Which of the following organelles would you expect to be especially abundant in muscle cells?

An experiment mixed together oil (lipids),organophosphate-containing detergent in water,and copper ions to act as a catalyst for a chemical reaction.Membranes budded off of the oil in this mixture.Which of the following is a reasonable and possible explanation of the experimental results?

Which of the following would be likely to move through a plasma membrane by simple diffusion?

Which of the following can be used to accurately describe viruses?

Match the following cellular structures with their primary function (you may need to use a function more than once). -rough endoplasmic reticulum

Phospholipids are large organic molecules with a ,polar phosphate head connected to ,nonpolar fatty acid tails.How do these molecules arrange themselves to form a mostly impermeable barrier between a liposome and its environment?

The Golgi apparatus

A cell containing a nucleus,mitochondria,Golgi apparatus,both smooth and rough ER,ribosomes,cytoskeleton,a large vacuole,and chloroplasts would be an example of a typical ________ cell.

From what substance do liposomes spontaneously form and why are they important?

Adenine (A),thymine (T),guanine (G),and cytosine (C)are the ________ building blocks for DNA;they are organized in different combinations to code for all of the proteins needed to accomplish everything the cell does.

Which of the following help increase the selective permeability of a phospholipid bilayer membrane?

Why would hydrophilic substances such as sodium ions (Na⁺),hydrogen ions (H⁺),sugars,and amino acids be unable to simply diffuse across a plasma membrane?

Viruses use their ________ material to take over their host cell's metabolic machinery to produce the components needed for the virus to reproduce.

The Nature of Science

Chemistry of Life

How Cells Work

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

What Genes Are

How Genes Work

Evidence for Evolution

Mechanisms of Evolution

Adaptation and Species

The History of Life

Human Evolution

General Principles of Ecology

Growth of Populations

Communities of Organisms

Ecosystems

Applying the Science

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Exam 3: Life Is Cellular

Match the following cellular structures with their primary function (you may need to use a function more than once). -Golgi apparatus

Examine the figure below.If each sugar molecule represents a percentage point of sugar dissolved in the solution,what change would you expect to see in the solution level over time and why?

Indicate which cell in this figure is the plant cell and which is the animal cell.Label all cellular structures 1-12 in both cells.Include a very brief description of each organelle's function with its label.Use an asterisk to indicate which structures are unique to plant cells.

Your muscle cells need large amounts of ATP to function in the movement of your body.Which of the following organelles would you expect to be especially abundant in muscle cells?

An experiment mixed together oil (lipids),organophosphate-containing detergent in water,and copper ions to act as a catalyst for a chemical reaction.Membranes budded off of the oil in this mixture.Which of the following is a reasonable and possible explanation of the experimental results?

Which of the following would be likely to move through a plasma membrane by simple diffusion?

Which of the following can be used to accurately describe viruses?

Match the following cellular structures with their primary function (you may need to use a function more than once). -rough endoplasmic reticulum

Phospholipids are large organic molecules with a ________,polar phosphate head connected to ________,nonpolar fatty acid tails.How do these molecules arrange themselves to form a mostly impermeable barrier between a liposome and its environment?

The Golgi apparatus

A cell containing a nucleus,mitochondria,Golgi apparatus,both smooth and rough ER,ribosomes,cytoskeleton,a large vacuole,and chloroplasts would be an example of a typical ________ cell.

From what substance do liposomes spontaneously form and why are they important?

Adenine (A),thymine (T),guanine (G),and cytosine (C)are the ________ building blocks for DNA;they are organized in different combinations to code for all of the proteins needed to accomplish everything the cell does.

Which of the following help increase the selective permeability of a phospholipid bilayer membrane?

Why would hydrophilic substances such as sodium ions (Na⁺),hydrogen ions (H⁺),sugars,and amino acids be unable to simply diffuse across a plasma membrane?

Viruses use their ________ material to take over their host cell's metabolic machinery to produce the components needed for the virus to reproduce.

The Nature of Science

Chemistry of Life

How Cells Work

Cell Division

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes and Human Genetics

What Genes Are

How Genes Work

Evidence for Evolution

Mechanisms of Evolution

Adaptation and Species

The History of Life

Human Evolution

General Principles of Ecology

Growth of Populations

Communities of Organisms

Ecosystems

Applying the Science

Filters

Phospholipids are large organic molecules with a ,polar phosphate head connected to ,nonpolar fatty acid tails.How do these molecules arrange themselves to form a mostly impermeable barrier between a liposome and its environment?