Question 1

If workers in one group are discriminated against and face higher search costs, then

Accepted Answer

A)  a nondiscriminating employer will hire them at the same wage as workers in the other group. 
B)  they will have better job matches than workers in the other group. 
C)  their employers will have more monopsony power over them than over employees in the other group. 
D)  they will work in the secondary job market. 
A)  a nondiscriminating employer will hire them at the same wage as workers in the other group. 
B)  they will have better job matches than workers in the other group. 
C)  their employers will have more monopsony power over them than over employees in the other group. 
D)  they will work in the secondary job market.

Question 2

There are one hundred jobs and one hundred workers in a competitive job market. All workers are equally productive. All employers dislike female workers but vary by the degree of their dislike. Job one's employer dislikes females by $1 a week, job two's employer by $2 a week, and so forth, such that job one hundred's employer dislikes females by $100 a week. Assume male workers are paid $500 a week. If there are 40 females and 60 males in the labor force, then which of the following is true in the short-run equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A)  Employer 40 will pay a wage of $440 and hire a female. 
B)  Employer 10 will pay a wage of $440 and hire a female. 
C)  Employers of males could increase their monetary profit by hiring females instead. 
D)  All of the above are true. 
A)  Employer 40 will pay a wage of $440 and hire a female. 
B)  Employer 10 will pay a wage of $440 and hire a female. 
C)  Employers of males could increase their monetary profit by hiring females instead. 
D)  All of the above are true.

Question 3

Suppose that the labor force participation of married males is 70% and their unemployment rate is 20%, then their employment rate

Accepted Answer

A)  is 50%. 
B)  is 56%. 
C)  is 80%. 
D)  cannot be calculated without more information. 
A)  is 50%. 
B)  is 56%. 
C)  is 80%. 
D)  cannot be calculated without more information.

Question 4

In the model where employers discriminate against females, those employers that devalue the productivity of the females more than other employers will

Accepted Answer

A)  pay a lower wage to females. 
B)  still hire females even when they earn the same wage as males. 
C)  earn a lower profit. 
D)  do all of the above. 
A)  pay a lower wage to females. 
B)  still hire females even when they earn the same wage as males. 
C)  earn a lower profit. 
D)  do all of the above.

Question 5

Wage discrimination is

Accepted Answer

A)  paying less productive workers lower wages. 
B)  paying one group more than another, while paying the same price for productive characteristics in both groups. 
C)  paying one group less than another, although they have the same productive characteristics. 
D)  paying part-time workers less per hour than full-time workers. 
A)  paying less productive workers lower wages. 
B)  paying one group more than another, while paying the same price for productive characteristics in both groups. 
C)  paying one group less than another, although they have the same productive characteristics. 
D)  paying part-time workers less per hour than full-time workers.

Question 6

Racial occupational dissimilarities are ________ and have fallen ________ over time than gender-related occupational dissimilarities.

Accepted Answer

A)  smaller; faster 
B)  smaller; slower 
C)  larger; faster 
D)  larger; slower 
A)  smaller; faster 
B)  smaller; slower 
C)  larger; faster 
D)  larger; slower

Question 7

Comparable worth

Accepted Answer

A)  sets salaries in the most efficient manner possible. 
B)  implies that all professions are underpaid. 
C)  ignores market conditions. 
D)  depends on supply and demand factors. 
A)  sets salaries in the most efficient manner possible. 
B)  implies that all professions are underpaid. 
C)  ignores market conditions. 
D)  depends on supply and demand factors.

Question 8

Which of the following can NOT explain differences in earnings of men and women?

Accepted Answer

A)  experience 
B)  occupation 
C)  unobservable characteristics 
D)  income maximization by all workers 
A)  experience 
B)  occupation 
C)  unobservable characteristics 
D)  income maximization by all workers

Question 9

In the employer model of discrimination where employers differ in how much they devalue the productivity of women (in the d), which of the following will lower the relative wage of women?

Accepted Answer

A)  The fraction of females in the workforce increases and, as a result, employers hire a larger fraction of females. 
B)  Employers become more driven to maximize profits. 
C)  Special training raises the productivity of women. 
D)  More nondiscriminating employers enter the market, lowering the profits made from hiring women. 
A)  The fraction of females in the workforce increases and, as a result, employers hire a larger fraction of females. 
B)  Employers become more driven to maximize profits. 
C)  Special training raises the productivity of women. 
D)  More nondiscriminating employers enter the market, lowering the profits made from hiring women.

Question 10

Federal antidiscrimination programs appear to

Accepted Answer

A)  have made no difference in raising relative earnings of black workers. 
B)  have made little difference raising relative earnings of black workers, probably because individual programs have had only small effects. 
C)  have helped to raise relative earnings of black workers. 
D)  have hurt the relative earnings of black workers. 
A)  have made no difference in raising relative earnings of black workers. 
B)  have made little difference raising relative earnings of black workers, probably because individual programs have had only small effects. 
C)  have helped to raise relative earnings of black workers. 
D)  have hurt the relative earnings of black workers.

Question 11

A study finds that handsome people make more than ugly people in occupations where workers interact with customers. This supports which of these models of discrimination?

Accepted Answer

A)  employer discrimination 
B)  customer discrimination 
C)  employee discrimination 
D)  statistical discrimination 
A)  employer discrimination 
B)  customer discrimination 
C)  employee discrimination 
D)  statistical discrimination

Question 12

In a given market, women with the same skills as men earn less. Which of the following would suggest that the main source of the discrimination are the managers that must work with them?

Accepted Answer

A)  Managers working with women must be paid more. 
B)  Companies with managers who hire more women make a larger profit. 
C)  Companies hiring women offer more day care and other amenities favored by women. 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  Managers working with women must be paid more. 
B)  Companies with managers who hire more women make a larger profit. 
C)  Companies hiring women offer more day care and other amenities favored by women. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 13

In a given market, women with the same skills as men earn less. Which of the following would suggest that the main source of discrimination against women is employers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Companies make the same profit whether they hire women or men. 
B)  Male managers who work with women must be paid more. 
C)  Companies hiring women offer more day care and other job amenities favored by women. 
D)  The companies hiring more women make a larger profit. 
A)  Companies make the same profit whether they hire women or men. 
B)  Male managers who work with women must be paid more. 
C)  Companies hiring women offer more day care and other job amenities favored by women. 
D)  The companies hiring more women make a larger profit.

Question 14

Suppose that a female worker has considerable child-raising duties at home which reduce her labor market productivity and pay by 10% compared to her male counterpart. Also suppose that their observable productivity characteristics are equal. Then the standard procedure will estimate that wage discrimination reduces her wages by ________, while her actual reduction in wages due to labor market discrimination is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  10%; 10% 
B)  10%; 0% 
C)  0%; 10% 
D)  0%; 0% 
A)  10%; 10% 
B)  10%; 0% 
C)  0%; 10% 
D)  0%; 0%

Question 15

If males and females are paid the same price for each of their productive characteristics then it follows that

Accepted Answer

A)  they will earn the same wages. 
B)  discrimination has been eliminated. 
C)  males and females are not compensated differently for each added year of experience. 
D)  occupational segregation will be zero. 
A)  they will earn the same wages. 
B)  discrimination has been eliminated. 
C)  males and females are not compensated differently for each added year of experience. 
D)  occupational segregation will be zero.

If workers in one group are discriminated against and face higher search costs, then

Suppose that the labor force participation of married males is 70% and their unemployment rate is 20%, then their employment rate

In the model where employers discriminate against females, those employers that devalue the productivity of the females more than other employers will

Wage discrimination is

Racial occupational dissimilarities are and have fallen over time than gender-related occupational dissimilarities.

Comparable worth

Which of the following can NOT explain differences in earnings of men and women?

In the employer model of discrimination where employers differ in how much they devalue the productivity of women (in the d), which of the following will lower the relative wage of women?

Federal antidiscrimination programs appear to

A study finds that handsome people make more than ugly people in occupations where workers interact with customers. This supports which of these models of discrimination?

In a given market, women with the same skills as men earn less. Which of the following would suggest that the main source of the discrimination are the managers that must work with them?

In a given market, women with the same skills as men earn less. Which of the following would suggest that the main source of discrimination against women is employers?

If males and females are paid the same price for each of their productive characteristics then it follows that

Introduction

Overview of the Labor Market

The Demand for Labor

Labor Demand Elasticities

Frictions in the Labor Market

Supply of Labor to the Economy: the Decision to Work

Labor Supply: Household Production, the Family, and the Life Cycle

Compensating Wage Differentials and Labor Markets

Investments in Human Capital: Education and Training

Worker Mobility: Migration, Immigration, and Turnover

Pay and Productivity: Wage Determination Within the Firm

Unions and the Labor Market

Unemployment

Inequality in Earnings

The Labor Market Effects of International Trade and Production Sharing

Filters

Exam 12: Gender, Race, and Ethnicity in the Labor Market

If workers in one group are discriminated against and face higher search costs, then

Suppose that the labor force participation of married males is 70% and their unemployment rate is 20%, then their employment rate

In the model where employers discriminate against females, those employers that devalue the productivity of the females more than other employers will

Wage discrimination is

Racial occupational dissimilarities are ________ and have fallen ________ over time than gender-related occupational dissimilarities.

Comparable worth

Which of the following can NOT explain differences in earnings of men and women?

In the employer model of discrimination where employers differ in how much they devalue the productivity of women (in the d), which of the following will lower the relative wage of women?

Federal antidiscrimination programs appear to

A study finds that handsome people make more than ugly people in occupations where workers interact with customers. This supports which of these models of discrimination?

In a given market, women with the same skills as men earn less. Which of the following would suggest that the main source of the discrimination are the managers that must work with them?

In a given market, women with the same skills as men earn less. Which of the following would suggest that the main source of discrimination against women is employers?

If males and females are paid the same price for each of their productive characteristics then it follows that

Introduction

Overview of the Labor Market

The Demand for Labor

Labor Demand Elasticities

Frictions in the Labor Market

Supply of Labor to the Economy: the Decision to Work

Labor Supply: Household Production, the Family, and the Life Cycle

Compensating Wage Differentials and Labor Markets

Investments in Human Capital: Education and Training

Worker Mobility: Migration, Immigration, and Turnover

Pay and Productivity: Wage Determination Within the Firm

Unions and the Labor Market

Unemployment

Inequality in Earnings

The Labor Market Effects of International Trade and Production Sharing

Filters

Racial occupational dissimilarities are and have fallen over time than gender-related occupational dissimilarities.