Question 1

Protein digestion begins where?

Accepted Answer

A) in the mouth 
B) in the stomach 
C) in the small intestine 
D) in the bloodstream 
A) in the mouth 
B) in the stomach 
C) in the small intestine 
D) in the bloodstream

Question 2

If there is a strong genetic link for type II diabetes mellitus in your family,how might you minimize your risk of developing the disorder?

Accepted Answer

A) Monitor your blood glucose levels daily. 
B) Take oral insulin daily. 
C) Diet and exercise. 
D) Eat carbohydrates like starch instead of sweets. 
A) Monitor your blood glucose levels daily. 
B) Take oral insulin daily. 
C) Diet and exercise. 
D) Eat carbohydrates like starch instead of sweets.

Question 3

Amino acids,dipeptides,and sugars are transported from intestinal epithelial cells into circulation.Lipids are transported from the intestinal epithelium into

Accepted Answer

A) smooth muscles that make up the core of the villi of the intestinal epithelium. 
B) the lymph system. 
C) the liver. 
D) the gall bladder. 
A) smooth muscles that make up the core of the villi of the intestinal epithelium. 
B) the lymph system. 
C) the liver. 
D) the gall bladder.

Question 4

Vitamin D is indirectly responsible for calcium uptake in the intestine.What is the mechanism by which Vitamin D and its receptor affect the calcium transporter gene?

Accepted Answer

A) gene expression 
B) gene repression 
C) gene translation 
D) gene initiation 
A) gene expression 
B) gene repression 
C) gene translation 
D) gene initiation

Question 5

What can the mouthparts of an animal tell you about its diet?

Accepted Answer

A) Mouthparts of animals are specialized to obtain desired food items efficiently. 
B) Mouthparts provide clues about the type of digestion that goes on in the stomach. 
C) Mouthparts are important in mating rituals and provide few clues about diet. 
D) Mouthparts of all animals are designed to reduce the size of the food particles ingested. 
A) Mouthparts of animals are specialized to obtain desired food items efficiently. 
B) Mouthparts provide clues about the type of digestion that goes on in the stomach. 
C) Mouthparts are important in mating rituals and provide few clues about diet. 
D) Mouthparts of all animals are designed to reduce the size of the food particles ingested.

Question 6

Figure 43.3  
-Based on the graph in the Figure 43.3,what can you infer about the incidence of type II diabetes mellitus?

Accepted Answer

A) Obesity is a risk factor for development of type II diabetes mellitus. 
B) If you maintain a normal body weight (BMI < 25),you will not get type II diabetes mellitus. 
C) The incidence of type II diabetes mellitus has increased in the past 10 years. 
D) People who develop type II diabetes mellitus are typically diagnosed in childhood or adolescence. 
A) Obesity is a risk factor for development of type II diabetes mellitus. 
B) If you maintain a normal body weight (BMI < 25),you will not get type II diabetes mellitus. 
C) The incidence of type II diabetes mellitus has increased in the past 10 years. 
D) People who develop type II diabetes mellitus are typically diagnosed in childhood or adolescence.

Question 7

If the person consumes 2500 calories daily to maintain body weight,what percentage of the RDA for iron would this person receive from a serving of apple juice?

Accepted Answer

A) 20% 
B) less than 20% 
C) more than 20% 
A) 20% 
B) less than 20% 
C) more than 20%

Question 8

Why did scientists originally hypothesize that proteolytic enzymes like pepsin and trypsin are secreted in inactive form?

Accepted Answer

A) These proteolytic enzymes,in active form,would digest the very tissues that synthesize them. 
B) They identified the hormone that activates pepsin and trypsin. 
C) The stomach is too acidic to maintain these enzymes in their active form. 
D) Upon study of chief cells,they were able to isolate active forms of pepsin and trypsin. 
A) These proteolytic enzymes,in active form,would digest the very tissues that synthesize them. 
B) They identified the hormone that activates pepsin and trypsin. 
C) The stomach is too acidic to maintain these enzymes in their active form. 
D) Upon study of chief cells,they were able to isolate active forms of pepsin and trypsin.

Question 9

A major enzyme involved in protein digestion is

Accepted Answer

A) lipase. 
B) amylase. 
C) pepsin. 
D) facilitated diffusion. 
A) lipase. 
B) amylase. 
C) pepsin. 
D) facilitated diffusion.

Question 10

The parietal cells that line the stomach secrete hydrogen ions into the stomach against a concentration gradient.Based on that knowledge,which of the following transport processes is most likely involved in hydrogen ion secretion?

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion 
B) facilitated diffusion 
C) active transport 
D) endocytosis 
A) diffusion 
B) facilitated diffusion 
C) active transport 
D) endocytosis

Question 11

Aquaporins have been identified in the epithelium of the large intestine.What is the function of these aquaporins?

Accepted Answer

A) to secrete water into the large intestine 
B) to reabsorb water from the large intestine 
C) to regulate solute excretion in the feces 
D) to release hormones involved in regulating digestive processes of the large intestine 
A) to secrete water into the large intestine 
B) to reabsorb water from the large intestine 
C) to regulate solute excretion in the feces 
D) to release hormones involved in regulating digestive processes of the large intestine

Question 12

Which of the following are NOT heterotrophs?

Accepted Answer

A) suspension feeders 
B) algae 
C) endoparasites 
D) insects 
A) suspension feeders 
B) algae 
C) endoparasites 
D) insects

Question 13

The process of obtaining is known as ________ and requires specialized mouthparts.

Accepted Answer

A) ingestion 
B) digestion 
C) absorption 
D) excretion 
A) ingestion 
B) digestion 
C) absorption 
D) excretion

Question 14

What is the role of HCl in the human stomach?

Accepted Answer

A) breaks down lipids 
B) activates pepsin into pepsinogen 
C) denatures proteins 
D) denatures carbohydrates 
A) breaks down lipids 
B) activates pepsin into pepsinogen 
C) denatures proteins 
D) denatures carbohydrates

Question 15

What is the function of goblet cells of the stomach epithelium?

Accepted Answer

A) release of acid 
B) synthesis and release of pepsinogen 
C) absorption of end-products of digestion 
D) secretion of mucus to protect the stomach lining from the acidic environment 
A) release of acid 
B) synthesis and release of pepsinogen 
C) absorption of end-products of digestion 
D) secretion of mucus to protect the stomach lining from the acidic environment

Question 16

Glucose is transported from the intestinal lumen into epithelial cells through ________ and from the intestinal epithelium into circulation by ________.

Accepted Answer

A) facilitated diffusion;primary active transport 
B) cotransport with sodium;cotransport with sodium 
C) cotransport with sodium;facilitated diffusion 
D) active transport;active transport 
A) facilitated diffusion;primary active transport 
B) cotransport with sodium;cotransport with sodium 
C) cotransport with sodium;facilitated diffusion 
D) active transport;active transport

Question 17

What is the importance of the mucins that are released by salivary glands?

Accepted Answer

A) They aid in degradation of triglycerides to fatty acids and monoglycerides. 
B) They are beginning the process of starch digestion. 
C) They are hormonal molecules that stimulate the release of gastric juice by the stomach in anticipation of receipt of the contents of the mouth. 
D) They are glycoproteins that make food slippery enough to slide easily through the esophagus. 
A) They aid in degradation of triglycerides to fatty acids and monoglycerides. 
B) They are beginning the process of starch digestion. 
C) They are hormonal molecules that stimulate the release of gastric juice by the stomach in anticipation of receipt of the contents of the mouth. 
D) They are glycoproteins that make food slippery enough to slide easily through the esophagus.

Question 18

Figure 43.3  
-Following a meal high in starch,digestive processes break the starch into ________,which when absorbed into circulation cause a release of the hormone ________.

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids;glucagon 
B) free fatty acids;cholecystokinin 
C) glucose;glucagon 
D) glucose;insulin 
A) amino acids;glucagon 
B) free fatty acids;cholecystokinin 
C) glucose;glucagon 
D) glucose;insulin

Question 19

How many food calories does the jug of apple juice contain?

Accepted Answer

A) 120 
B) 240 
C) 480 
D) 960 
A) 120 
B) 240 
C) 480 
D) 960

Question 20

If you chew a salted cracker long enough,it begins to taste sweet.Why?

Accepted Answer

A) The taste buds for "salty" become fatigued and cease to fire. 
B) Salivary amylase degrades the starch from the cracker into glucose. 
C) The contents of the cracker become soluble in saliva. 
D) Sugar that remained in the mouth from previous meals becomes soluble in saliva. 
A) The taste buds for "salty" become fatigued and cease to fire. 
B) Salivary amylase degrades the starch from the cracker into glucose. 
C) The contents of the cracker become soluble in saliva. 
D) Sugar that remained in the mouth from previous meals becomes soluble in saliva.

Exam 43: Animal Nutrition

Protein digestion begins where?

If there is a strong genetic link for type II diabetes mellitus in your family,how might you minimize your risk of developing the disorder?

Amino acids,dipeptides,and sugars are transported from intestinal epithelial cells into circulation.Lipids are transported from the intestinal epithelium into

Vitamin D is indirectly responsible for calcium uptake in the intestine.What is the mechanism by which Vitamin D and its receptor affect the calcium transporter gene?

What can the mouthparts of an animal tell you about its diet?

Figure 43.3 -Based on the graph in the Figure 43.3,what can you infer about the incidence of type II diabetes mellitus?

If the person consumes 2500 calories daily to maintain body weight,what percentage of the RDA for iron would this person receive from a serving of apple juice?

Why did scientists originally hypothesize that proteolytic enzymes like pepsin and trypsin are secreted in inactive form?

A major enzyme involved in protein digestion is

The parietal cells that line the stomach secrete hydrogen ions into the stomach against a concentration gradient.Based on that knowledge,which of the following transport processes is most likely involved in hydrogen ion secretion?

Aquaporins have been identified in the epithelium of the large intestine.What is the function of these aquaporins?

Which of the following are NOT heterotrophs?

The process of obtaining is known as ________ and requires specialized mouthparts.

What is the role of HCl in the human stomach?

What is the function of goblet cells of the stomach epithelium?

Glucose is transported from the intestinal lumen into epithelial cells through ________ and from the intestinal epithelium into circulation by ________.

What is the importance of the mucins that are released by salivary glands?

Figure 43.3 -Following a meal high in starch,digestive processes break the starch into ________,which when absorbed into circulation cause a release of the hormone ________.

How many food calories does the jug of apple juice contain?

If you chew a salted cracker long enough,it begins to taste sweet.Why?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Glucose is transported from the intestinal lumen into epithelial cells through and from the intestinal epithelium into circulation by .

Figure 43.3 -Following a meal high in starch,digestive processes break the starch into ,which when absorbed into circulation cause a release of the hormone .