Exam 41: Animal Form and Function

Epithelial cells have multiple functions.They may have different structures on one of their surfaces compared to their opposite surface.What property of these cells allows them to undergo these various functions?

An elephant and a mouse are both running in full sunlight,and both overheat by the same amount above their normal body temperatures.When they move into the shade and rest,which animal will cool down faster?

Some animals have no gills when young,but then develop gills that grow larger as the animal grows larger.What is the reason for this trend?

Which of the following explanations for brown adipose tissue explains why infant humans and some small mammals have this tissue type?

Which of the following statements comparing endotherms and ectotherms is false?

Wading birds in northern climates are able to walk in pools of water on ice without dying of hypothermia because they have countercurrent heat exchangers in their legs.These exchangers allow heat in warm blood going to the feet to be transferred to cool blood returning from the feet.Why are such countercurrent heat exchangers so efficient at conserving heat?

Which of the following is a true statement about body size and physiology?

Structure-function correlations exist throughout nature at all levels of organization,from the cellular level to systems level.Keeping this in mind,you visualize a cell under a microscope and it contains a lot of rough endoplasmic reticulum.What might you hypothesize the primary function of the cell to be?

Which of the following scenarios illustrates the physiological response of acclimatization?

You are a doctor and you are given the files of two patients who are identical twin brothers: Patient #1: 25 year old male,30% muscle mass,70% fat content,37 degrees C internal temperature Patient #2: 25 year old male,70 % muscle mass,30% fat content,37 degrees C internal temperature If you are told that both patients are equally active and are completely healthy,which of the following assumptions can we make regarding the metabolic rates of the brothers?

How do the epithelial tissues covering organisms contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis?

Environmental influences appear to contribute to cellular mutations that lead to tumour growth.For example,certain diets lead to higher incidence of colon cancers,and overexposure to sunlight leads to higher incidence of skin cancers.The tissues in closest contact with a carcinogen or mutagen (anything that causes genetic mutations)are obviously the ones most likely to develop tumours.Carcinomas account for well over half of all cancers.What type of tissue would you guess the term carcinoma is most closely associated with?

Epithelial tissues have polarity,with an apical side that faces the environment and a basolateral side that faces the interior of the animal.Because of the harsh environmental exposure on the apical side,epithelial cells have a short life span of 2-6 days.Which of the following is the most likely reason that the tissue as a whole does not wear away,despite the short life spans of the cells?

Many types of ectothermic animals can be seen lying out in the sun on a warm,sunny day.What is the primary mechanism by which the animal warms itself during this activity?

Natural selection has contributed to the wide variety of beak morphologies exhibited by the Galápagos Island finches.A correlation exists whereby beak morphology suggests the primary food source of the finch.Which physiological response listed below best describes the variety of beak morphologies seen in these finches?

Which of the following is an example of a structure that has an increased surface area for absorption?

Which term best describes an animal that,although generating a significant amount of heat through metabolism,nonetheless does not maintain a constant body temperature?

Countercurrent multiplier systems are common in animals.Which of the following schematics best represents a countercurrent exchanger?