Question 1

What do all deuterostomes have in common?

Accepted Answer

A) Adults are bilaterally symmetrical. 
B) Embryos have pharyngeal pouches that may or may not form gill slits. 
C) All have a spinal column. 
D) All have specialized head and tail regions. 
E) The pore formed during gastrulation becomes the anus. 
A) Adults are bilaterally symmetrical. 
B) Embryos have pharyngeal pouches that may or may not form gill slits. 
C) All have a spinal column. 
D) All have specialized head and tail regions. 
E) The pore formed during gastrulation becomes the anus.

Question 2

The table above is a comparison of several characteristics of H.floresiensis to those of nine other hominin species (arranged roughly from oldest to most recent).What do these data suggest?

Accepted Answer

A) A large brain is not necessarily required for toolmaking. 
B) Body mass and braincase volume are completely unrelated. 
C) The African environment tends to depress braincase volume and body mass. 
D) Hominins first evolved in and then radiated out from Asia. 
E) H)floresiensis is most closely related to Australopithecus afarensis or A.africanus. 
A) A large brain is not necessarily required for toolmaking. 
B) Body mass and braincase volume are completely unrelated. 
C) The African environment tends to depress braincase volume and body mass. 
D) Hominins first evolved in and then radiated out from Asia. 
E) H)floresiensis is most closely related to Australopithecus afarensis or A.africanus.

Question 3

Which of the following is consistent with the out-of-Africa hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A) Modern Homo sapiens can trace their origin back to Neanderthals. 
B) Modern Homo sapiens can trace their origin back to Homo erectus. 
C) Interbreeding between early hominin species in Europe and Asia lead to the distinctive features of modern Homo sapiens. 
D) Homo sapiens have a common ancestor with Neanderthal and Homo erectus from Africa,but did not interbreed with them. 
E) Modern Homo sapiens and Neanderthals have no common ancestor more recent than the first mammals. 
A) Modern Homo sapiens can trace their origin back to Neanderthals. 
B) Modern Homo sapiens can trace their origin back to Homo erectus. 
C) Interbreeding between early hominin species in Europe and Asia lead to the distinctive features of modern Homo sapiens. 
D) Homo sapiens have a common ancestor with Neanderthal and Homo erectus from Africa,but did not interbreed with them. 
E) Modern Homo sapiens and Neanderthals have no common ancestor more recent than the first mammals.

Question 4

Suppose,while out camping in a forest,you found a chordate with a long,slender,limbless body slithering across the ground near your tent.To which of the following lineages could it belong?

Accepted Answer

A) Myxinoidea 
B) Dipnoi 
C) Mammalia 
D) Amphibia 
E) Chondrichthyes 
A) Myxinoidea 
B) Dipnoi 
C) Mammalia 
D) Amphibia 
E) Chondrichthyes

Question 5

When bone first evolved in vertebrates,what structure did it form?

Accepted Answer

A) an endoskeleton 
B) an exoskeleton 
C) a vertebrae 
D) a skull 
E) a jaw 
A) an endoskeleton 
B) an exoskeleton 
C) a vertebrae 
D) a skull 
E) a jaw

Question 6

This group of deuterostomes is characterized by a water vascular system and calcium carbonate endoskeletons.

Accepted Answer

A) birds 
B) echinoderms 
C) chondrichthyes 
D) chordates 
E) hominins 
A) birds 
B) echinoderms 
C) chondrichthyes 
D) chordates 
E) hominins

Question 7

Which evolutionary innovation was most significant in helping tetrapods move to dry terrestrial environments?

Accepted Answer

A) the lung 
B) the amniotic egg 
C) bone 
D) limb specialization 
E) endothermy 
A) the lung 
B) the amniotic egg 
C) bone 
D) limb specialization 
E) endothermy

Question 8

The presence of vestigial hip and leg bones in boas and pythons is considered evidence for what evolutionary link?

Accepted Answer

A) A snake was the common ancestor for the tetrapods. 
B) Snakes have limbed ancestors. 
C) Some snake species needed limbs-probably for evading predators by climbing. 
D) None,because with the new molecular genetics studies,the presence of vestigial structures is irrelevant to evolutionary biology. 
A) A snake was the common ancestor for the tetrapods. 
B) Snakes have limbed ancestors. 
C) Some snake species needed limbs-probably for evading predators by climbing. 
D) None,because with the new molecular genetics studies,the presence of vestigial structures is irrelevant to evolutionary biology.

Question 9

The evolution of the limb in chordates has generally led to

Accepted Answer

A) increased diversity of movement types,as animals evolve to fill different niches. 
B) decreased diversity of movement types,as animals evolve toward a single most efficient way of moving. 
A) increased diversity of movement types,as animals evolve to fill different niches. 
B) decreased diversity of movement types,as animals evolve toward a single most efficient way of moving.

Question 10

Which characteristic is common to all the major reptilian lineages (Testudinia,Lepidosauria,Crocodilia,or Aves)?

Accepted Answer

A) presence of teeth 
B) presence of limbs 
C) ectothermy 
D) presence of a notochord 
E) all of the above 
A) presence of teeth 
B) presence of limbs 
C) ectothermy 
D) presence of a notochord 
E) all of the above

Question 11

The discovery of Microraptor gui is significant in evolutionary biology because it strengthened which one of the following hypotheses?

Accepted Answer

A) Vertebrates were the first group to develop a jaw. 
B) An asteroid impact caused the extinction of dinosaurs. 
C) The echinoderm endoskeleton is a trait that identifies them as a monophyletic group. 
D) The three phyla-Echinodermata,Xenoturbellida,and Hemichordata-form a monophyletic group. 
E) Birds evolved from a dinosaur ancestor. 
A) Vertebrates were the first group to develop a jaw. 
B) An asteroid impact caused the extinction of dinosaurs. 
C) The echinoderm endoskeleton is a trait that identifies them as a monophyletic group. 
D) The three phyla-Echinodermata,Xenoturbellida,and Hemichordata-form a monophyletic group. 
E) Birds evolved from a dinosaur ancestor.

Question 12

Primate evolution and behavior-such as hunting skills-has been directed in part by the development of depth perception.What anatomical change made depth perception possible?

Accepted Answer

A) a larger brain 
B) the formation of compound eyes 
C) movement of the eyes to the front of the head 
D) diurnal activity 
A) a larger brain 
B) the formation of compound eyes 
C) movement of the eyes to the front of the head 
D) diurnal activity

Question 13

Which would be the most feasible method of figuring out to which other hominin species H.floresiensis was most closely related?

Accepted Answer

A) Compare the mitochondrial DNA of H.floresiensis to that of each other hominin species. 
B) Compare the type of prey hunted by H.floresiensis to that hunted by each of the other hominin species. 
C) Compare the average body size of H.floresiensis to that of each other hominin species. 
D) Compare the skeletal morphology of H.floresiensis to that of each other hominin species. 
E) Compare the estimated life span of H.floresiensis to that of each other hominin species. 
A) Compare the mitochondrial DNA of H.floresiensis to that of each other hominin species. 
B) Compare the type of prey hunted by H.floresiensis to that hunted by each of the other hominin species. 
C) Compare the average body size of H.floresiensis to that of each other hominin species. 
D) Compare the skeletal morphology of H.floresiensis to that of each other hominin species. 
E) Compare the estimated life span of H.floresiensis to that of each other hominin species.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about human races is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Africans are genetically much closer to Asians than to Caucasians. 
B) Humans are one of only a few mammal species with clearly defined genetic races. 
C) Very little genetic divergence occurs among different human populations. 
D) All of the above are correct. 
A) Africans are genetically much closer to Asians than to Caucasians. 
B) Humans are one of only a few mammal species with clearly defined genetic races. 
C) Very little genetic divergence occurs among different human populations. 
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 15

Which of the following groups is classified as Homo sapiens?

Accepted Answer

A) Neanderthals 
B) Cro-Magnons 
C) Paranthropus 
D) Australopithecus 
E) None of the above 
A) Neanderthals 
B) Cro-Magnons 
C) Paranthropus 
D) Australopithecus 
E) None of the above

Question 16

How did the development of the jaw contribute to evolutionary diversification of early vertebrate lineages?

Accepted Answer

A) It allowed for more modes of communication. 
B) It allowed vertebrates to grow a bony skull. 
C) It increased their mobility. 
D) It allowed vertebrates to feed on a wider variety of food sources. 
E) It provided for an appreciation of a wider variety of foods. 
A) It allowed for more modes of communication. 
B) It allowed vertebrates to grow a bony skull. 
C) It increased their mobility. 
D) It allowed vertebrates to feed on a wider variety of food sources. 
E) It provided for an appreciation of a wider variety of foods.

Question 17

In what respect do humans differ from all other anthropoids?

Accepted Answer

A) lack of a tail 
B) eyes on the front of the face 
C) bipedal posture 
D) opposable thumbs 
E) diurnal activity 
A) lack of a tail 
B) eyes on the front of the face 
C) bipedal posture 
D) opposable thumbs 
E) diurnal activity

Question 18

What is believed to be the most significant result of the evolution of the amniotic egg?

Accepted Answer

A) Tetrapods could lay their eggs in a variety of terrestrial locations. 
B) Tetrapods can grow much larger. 
C) Newborns are much less dependent on their parents. 
D) Embryos are protected from predators. 
A) Tetrapods could lay their eggs in a variety of terrestrial locations. 
B) Tetrapods can grow much larger. 
C) Newborns are much less dependent on their parents. 
D) Embryos are protected from predators.

Question 19

It is speculated that H.floresiensis and H.sapiens may have lived on Flores concurrently.Suppose researchers obtained mitochondrial DNA samples from the H.floresiensis remains,amplified a 1000-base-pair sequence via PCR,and compared it to that of several currently living H.sapiens native to Indonesia,North Africa,and North America.Also suppose H.floresiensis were found to differ from the average Indonesian H.sapiens in 28 base pairs,from the average North African H.sapiens in 51 base pairs,and from the average North American H.sapiens in 53 base pairs,while two randomly selected H.sapiens differed from each other in an average of 21 base pairs.What would you surmise from these data?

Accepted Answer

A) H)floresiensis and H.sapiens probably did not live on Flores concurrently. 
B) H)floresiensis and H.sapiens probably lived on Flores concurrently,but did not interact. 
C) H)floresiensis and H.sapiens probably lived on Flores concurrently,and H.sapiens killed and consumed H.floresiensis. 
D) H)floresiensis and H.sapiens probably lived on Flores concurrently,and interbred to some degree. 
A) H)floresiensis and H.sapiens probably did not live on Flores concurrently. 
B) H)floresiensis and H.sapiens probably lived on Flores concurrently,but did not interact. 
C) H)floresiensis and H.sapiens probably lived on Flores concurrently,and H.sapiens killed and consumed H.floresiensis. 
D) H)floresiensis and H.sapiens probably lived on Flores concurrently,and interbred to some degree.

Question 20

Which of the following is found in tetrapods and not in fish?

Accepted Answer

A) extensive parental care 
B) asexual reproduction 
C) internal fertilization 
D) viviparity 
E) production of amniotic eggs 
A) extensive parental care 
B) asexual reproduction 
C) internal fertilization 
D) viviparity 
E) production of amniotic eggs

Exam 34: Deuterostome Animals

What do all deuterostomes have in common?

The table above is a comparison of several characteristics of H.floresiensis to those of nine other hominin species (arranged roughly from oldest to most recent).What do these data suggest?

Which of the following is consistent with the out-of-Africa hypothesis?

Suppose,while out camping in a forest,you found a chordate with a long,slender,limbless body slithering across the ground near your tent.To which of the following lineages could it belong?

When bone first evolved in vertebrates,what structure did it form?

This group of deuterostomes is characterized by a water vascular system and calcium carbonate endoskeletons.

Which evolutionary innovation was most significant in helping tetrapods move to dry terrestrial environments?

The presence of vestigial hip and leg bones in boas and pythons is considered evidence for what evolutionary link?

The evolution of the limb in chordates has generally led to

Which characteristic is common to all the major reptilian lineages (Testudinia,Lepidosauria,Crocodilia,or Aves)?

The discovery of Microraptor gui is significant in evolutionary biology because it strengthened which one of the following hypotheses?

Primate evolution and behavior-such as hunting skills-has been directed in part by the development of depth perception.What anatomical change made depth perception possible?

Which would be the most feasible method of figuring out to which other hominin species H.floresiensis was most closely related?

Which of the following statements about human races is correct?

Which of the following groups is classified as Homo sapiens?

How did the development of the jaw contribute to evolutionary diversification of early vertebrate lineages?

In what respect do humans differ from all other anthropoids?

What is believed to be the most significant result of the evolution of the amniotic egg?

Which of the following is found in tetrapods and not in fish?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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