Question 1

Which of the following occurs in prokaryotes,but not eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) post-transcriptional splicing 
B) concurrent transcription and translation 
C) translation in the absence of a ribosome 
D) gene regulation 
A) post-transcriptional splicing 
B) concurrent transcription and translation 
C) translation in the absence of a ribosome 
D) gene regulation

Question 2

Death cap mushrooms produce a substance called -amanitin.α-amanitin efficiently blocks synthesis of mRNA,but not of tRNA or rRNA in eukaryotic organisms.How is that possible?

Accepted Answer

A) α-amanitin efficiently interferes with the action of RNA polymerase I,but not RNA polymerase II or III. 
B) α-amanitin efficiently interferes with RNA polymerase III,but not RNA polymerase I and II. 
C) α-amanitin efficiently blocks the action of one or more basic transcription factors. 
D) α-amanitin efficiently interferes with the action of RNA polymerase II,but not RNA polymerase I or III. 
A) α-amanitin efficiently interferes with the action of RNA polymerase I,but not RNA polymerase II or III. 
B) α-amanitin efficiently interferes with RNA polymerase III,but not RNA polymerase I and II. 
C) α-amanitin efficiently blocks the action of one or more basic transcription factors. 
D) α-amanitin efficiently interferes with the action of RNA polymerase II,but not RNA polymerase I or III.

Question 3

Which of the following processes is central to the initiation of transcription?

Accepted Answer

A) binding of sigma to the promoter region 
B) formation of a phosphodiester bond in the elongating RNA strand 
C) binding of DNA polymerase to the promoter region 
D) formation of a DNA primer 
A) binding of sigma to the promoter region 
B) formation of a phosphodiester bond in the elongating RNA strand 
C) binding of DNA polymerase to the promoter region 
D) formation of a DNA primer

Question 4

Which of the following does not play a role in the process of translation?

Accepted Answer

A) GTP 
B) 5' G-cap 
C)  tRNAs 
D) exons 
E) ATP 
A) GTP 
B) 5' G-cap 
C)  tRNAs 
D) exons 
E) ATP

Question 5

Figure 16.4  
-Refer to Figure 16.4.During elongation,which site in the ribosome represents the location where a codon is being read?

Accepted Answer

A) E site 
B) P site 
C) A site 
D) small subunit 
A) E site 
B) P site 
C) A site 
D) small subunit

Question 6

RNA polymerase needs a subunit to initiate transcription that is not needed for transcript elongation.What is the subunit?

Accepted Answer

A) Mg²⁺ 
B) rho 
C) sigma 
D) the holoenzyme 
A) Mg²⁺ 
B) rho 
C) sigma 
D) the holoenzyme

Question 7

Which of the following is/are post-transcriptional modifications occurring in eukaryotic mRNAs?

Accepted Answer

A) addition of a poly (
A) tail 
B) addition of a methyl-guanosine cap 
C) removal of introns 
D) all of the above 
A) addition of a poly (
A) tail 
B) addition of a methyl-guanosine cap 
C) removal of introns 
D) all of the above

Question 8

There should be a strong positive correlation between the rate of protein synthesis and

Accepted Answer

A) the quantity of DNA polymerase. 
B) the size of the genome. 
C) the size of mRNA. 
D) the number of ribosomes. 
A) the quantity of DNA polymerase. 
B) the size of the genome. 
C) the size of mRNA. 
D) the number of ribosomes.

Question 9

What is the function of the group of amino acids on the RNA polymerase called the rudder?

Accepted Answer

A) It provides the energy required for formation of phosphodiester bonds in the elongation RNA molecule. 
B) It helps unwind and open the DNA molecule. 
C) It moves template and non-template strands of DNA through channels inside the enzyme. 
D) It helps sigma bind to the RNA polymerase molecule. 
A) It provides the energy required for formation of phosphodiester bonds in the elongation RNA molecule. 
B) It helps unwind and open the DNA molecule. 
C) It moves template and non-template strands of DNA through channels inside the enzyme. 
D) It helps sigma bind to the RNA polymerase molecule.

Question 10

Put the following events of elongation in prokaryotic translation in chronological order. 1. Binding of mRNA with small ribosomal subunit.
2) Recognition of initiation codon
3) Complementary base pairing between initiator codon and anticodon of initiator tRNA
4) Base pairing of the mRNA codon following the initiator codon with its complementary tRNA
5) Attachment of the large subunit

Accepted Answer

A) 1,2,3,4,5 
B) 2,1,4,3,5 
C) 5,4,3,2,1 
D) 1,2,3,5,4 
A) 1,2,3,4,5 
B) 2,1,4,3,5 
C) 5,4,3,2,1 
D) 1,2,3,5,4

Question 11

Once a peptide has been formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the P site and the amino acid associated with the tRNA in the A site,which process on the list occurs next?

Accepted Answer

A) translocation 
B) reading of the next codon of mRNA 
C) initiation 
D) the codon-anticodon hydrogen bonds holding the tRNA in the A site are broken 
A) translocation 
B) reading of the next codon of mRNA 
C) initiation 
D) the codon-anticodon hydrogen bonds holding the tRNA in the A site are broken

Question 12

David Pribnow studied the base sequences of promoters in bacteria and bacterial viruses.He found two conserved regions in these promoters (the -10 box and the -35 box).What is the function of these two regions of the promoter?

Accepted Answer

A) They signal the initiation site. 
B) They bind the sigma subunit that is associated with RNA polymerase. 
C) They attach the correct nucleotide triphosphate to the template DNA strand. 
D) They separate the two DNA strands. 
A) They signal the initiation site. 
B) They bind the sigma subunit that is associated with RNA polymerase. 
C) They attach the correct nucleotide triphosphate to the template DNA strand. 
D) They separate the two DNA strands.

Question 13

As scientists were unraveling the mysteries associated with transcription and translation,they discovered there was not a one-to-one correspondence between nucleotide sequence of a gene and base sequence of the mRNA it codes for.They proposed the genes-in-pieces hypothesis.How can the genes-in-pieces hypothesis be explained?

Accepted Answer

A) Introns are noncoding segments of DNA that are present in the initial transcript,but are removed by splicing. 
B) Introns are noncoding segments of DNA that are not read or transcribed by RNA polymerase II. 
C) Exons are noncoding segments of DNA that are not read or transcribed by RNA polymerase II. 
D) Several related genes are found in the genomes of humans and other animals. 
A) Introns are noncoding segments of DNA that are present in the initial transcript,but are removed by splicing. 
B) Introns are noncoding segments of DNA that are not read or transcribed by RNA polymerase II. 
C) Exons are noncoding segments of DNA that are not read or transcribed by RNA polymerase II. 
D) Several related genes are found in the genomes of humans and other animals.

Question 14

What molecule is responsible for the catalytic activity in the spliceosomes that are involved in removal of introns?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA polymerase 
B) ribozymes 
C) proteins of the spliceosome 
D) autocatalysis by introns 
A) RNA polymerase 
B) ribozymes 
C) proteins of the spliceosome 
D) autocatalysis by introns

Question 15

The segments of DNA where transcription begins have a binding site for RNA polymerase.These segments are known as

Accepted Answer

A) sigma. 
B) the holoenzyme. 
C) initiation factors. 
D) promoters. 
A) sigma. 
B) the holoenzyme. 
C) initiation factors. 
D) promoters.

Question 16

Codons are three-base sequences that specify the addition of a single amino acid.How do eukaryotic codons and prokaryotic codons compare?

Accepted Answer

A) Prokaryotic codons usually contain different bases than those of eukaryotes. 
B) Prokaryotic codons usually specify different amino acids than those of eukaryotes. 
C) The translation of codons is mediated by tRNAs in eukaryotes,but translation requires no intermediate molecules such as tRNAs in prokaryotes. 
D) Codons are a nearly universal language among all organisms. 
A) Prokaryotic codons usually contain different bases than those of eukaryotes. 
B) Prokaryotic codons usually specify different amino acids than those of eukaryotes. 
C) The translation of codons is mediated by tRNAs in eukaryotes,but translation requires no intermediate molecules such as tRNAs in prokaryotes. 
D) Codons are a nearly universal language among all organisms.

Question 17

Figure 16.5  
-Refer to Figure 16.5.The mutation resulting in sickle cell anemia is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A) point mutation. 
B) frameshift mutation. 
C) silent mutation. 
D) deletion. 
A) point mutation. 
B) frameshift mutation. 
C) silent mutation. 
D) deletion.

Question 18

Put the following events of transcription in chronological order. 1. Sigma binds to the promoter region.
2) The double helix of DNA is unwound,breaking hydrogen bonds between complementary strands.
3) Sigma binds to RNA polymerase.
4) Sigma is released.
5) Transcription begins.

Accepted Answer

A) 2,3,4,5,1 
B) 2,3,1,4,5 
C) 3,1,2,5,4 
D) 3,2,1,4,5 
A) 2,3,4,5,1 
B) 2,3,1,4,5 
C) 3,1,2,5,4 
D) 3,2,1,4,5

Question 19

The enzyme complex associated with DNA in the figure is

Accepted Answer

A) helicase. 
B) DNA polymerase. 
C) RNA polymerase. 
D) topoisomerase. 
A) helicase. 
B) DNA polymerase. 
C) RNA polymerase. 
D) topoisomerase.

Exam 16: Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation

Which of the following occurs in prokaryotes,but not eukaryotes?

Death cap mushrooms produce a substance called -amanitin.α-amanitin efficiently blocks synthesis of mRNA,but not of tRNA or rRNA in eukaryotic organisms.How is that possible?

Which of the following processes is central to the initiation of transcription?

Which of the following does not play a role in the process of translation?

Figure 16.4 -Refer to Figure 16.4.During elongation,which site in the ribosome represents the location where a codon is being read?

RNA polymerase needs a subunit to initiate transcription that is not needed for transcript elongation.What is the subunit?

Which of the following is/are post-transcriptional modifications occurring in eukaryotic mRNAs?

There should be a strong positive correlation between the rate of protein synthesis and

What is the function of the group of amino acids on the RNA polymerase called the rudder?

Once a peptide has been formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the P site and the amino acid associated with the tRNA in the A site,which process on the list occurs next?

David Pribnow studied the base sequences of promoters in bacteria and bacterial viruses.He found two conserved regions in these promoters (the -10 box and the -35 box).What is the function of these two regions of the promoter?

What molecule is responsible for the catalytic activity in the spliceosomes that are involved in removal of introns?

The segments of DNA where transcription begins have a binding site for RNA polymerase.These segments are known as

Codons are three-base sequences that specify the addition of a single amino acid.How do eukaryotic codons and prokaryotic codons compare?

Figure 16.5 -Refer to Figure 16.5.The mutation resulting in sickle cell anemia is an example of a

Put the following events of transcription in chronological order. 1. Sigma binds to the promoter region. 2) The double helix of DNA is unwound,breaking hydrogen bonds between complementary strands. 3) Sigma binds to RNA polymerase. 4) Sigma is released. 5) Transcription begins.

The enzyme complex associated with DNA in the figure is

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

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The Cell Cycle

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Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

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Analyzing and Engineering Genes

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Principles of Development

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