Question 1

Which of the following is true of oxidation-reduction (redox)reactions?

Accepted Answer

A) They involve the transfer of one or more carbon atoms from one molecule to another. 
B) They allow organisms to convert energy from large macromolecules for cellular use. 
C) They allow organisms to convert energy from photons of light for cellular use. 
D) B and C are true of redox reactions. 
E) A,B,and C are true of redox reactions 
A) They involve the transfer of one or more carbon atoms from one molecule to another. 
B) They allow organisms to convert energy from large macromolecules for cellular use. 
C) They allow organisms to convert energy from photons of light for cellular use. 
D) B and C are true of redox reactions. 
E) A,B,and C are true of redox reactions

Question 2

Which of the following is TRUE in terms of metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A) Organisms can be classified as either catabolic or anabolic,but not both. 
B) The reversible reaction ADP + Pi = ATP is linked with other reactions in many metabolic pathways. 
C) Metabolic reactions first appeared in evolutionary history with the appearance of eukaryotes. 
D) Oxidation-reduction reactions occur in eukaryotes,but not in bacteria,nor in archaeans. 
A) Organisms can be classified as either catabolic or anabolic,but not both. 
B) The reversible reaction ADP + Pi = ATP is linked with other reactions in many metabolic pathways. 
C) Metabolic reactions first appeared in evolutionary history with the appearance of eukaryotes. 
D) Oxidation-reduction reactions occur in eukaryotes,but not in bacteria,nor in archaeans.

Question 3

The electron transport chain

Accepted Answer

A) is a series of redox reactions. 
B) is a series of substitution reactions. 
C) is driven by ATP consumption. 
D) takes place in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells. 
A) is a series of redox reactions. 
B) is a series of substitution reactions. 
C) is driven by ATP consumption. 
D) takes place in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.

Question 4

In cellular respiration,electrons are moved along a series of membrane proteins during the electron transport chain.If there was a mutation in the DNA coding for each of the proton pumps of the electron transport chain such that these proteins became non-functional,what would you predict to occur?

Accepted Answer

A) Protons would not be moved from the matrix to the intermembrane space and so ATP synthase would not be activated. 
B) Protons would no longer be moved from the intermembrane space to the matrix and so ATP synthase would not be activated. 
C) NADH and FADH₂ would have to donate their electrons directly to ATP synthase in order for ATP synthesis to occur. 
D) All electrons would have to be stripped from water instead of NADH and FADH2 to create the proton gradient needed to power ATP synthase. 
A) Protons would not be moved from the matrix to the intermembrane space and so ATP synthase would not be activated. 
B) Protons would no longer be moved from the intermembrane space to the matrix and so ATP synthase would not be activated. 
C) NADH and FADH₂ would have to donate their electrons directly to ATP synthase in order for ATP synthesis to occur. 
D) All electrons would have to be stripped from water instead of NADH and FADH2 to create the proton gradient needed to power ATP synthase.

Question 5

The chemiosmotic hypothesis is an important key to understanding general metabolism because

Accepted Answer

A) it explains how ATP is synthesized by a proton motive force. 
B) it explains how electron transport can fuel substrate-level phosphorylation. 
C) it explains the sequence of the electron transport chain molecules. 
D) it explains the reduction of oxygen to water in the final steps of oxidative metabolism. 
A) it explains how ATP is synthesized by a proton motive force. 
B) it explains how electron transport can fuel substrate-level phosphorylation. 
C) it explains the sequence of the electron transport chain molecules. 
D) it explains the reduction of oxygen to water in the final steps of oxidative metabolism.

Question 6

Which of the following events takes place in the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

A) breakdown of glucose into two pyruvate molecules 
B) the breakdown of an acetyl group to carbon dioxide 
C) the extraction of energy from high-energy electrons remaining from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle 
D) substrate-level phosphorylation 
A) breakdown of glucose into two pyruvate molecules 
B) the breakdown of an acetyl group to carbon dioxide 
C) the extraction of energy from high-energy electrons remaining from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle 
D) substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 7

Which of the following statements describes the pathway shown above?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a catabolic pathway. 
B) It is an anabolic pathway. 
C) It is a set of reactions,each of which is exergonic. 
D) It is a pathway that occurs in plants,algae,and some prokaryotes,but not in other organisms (such as animals,fungi). 
A) It is a catabolic pathway. 
B) It is an anabolic pathway. 
C) It is a set of reactions,each of which is exergonic. 
D) It is a pathway that occurs in plants,algae,and some prokaryotes,but not in other organisms (such as animals,fungi).

Question 8

Pyruvate oxidation occurs in

Accepted Answer

A) the cytosol. 
B) the mitochondrial intermembrane space. 
C) the mitochondrial inner membrane. 
D) the mitochondrial matrix. 
A) the cytosol. 
B) the mitochondrial intermembrane space. 
C) the mitochondrial inner membrane. 
D) the mitochondrial matrix.

Question 9

The energy of electron transport serves to move (translocate)protons to the outer mitochondrial compartment.How does this help the mitochondrion to produce energy?

Accepted Answer

A) The hydrogen ions (protons)are transferred to oxygen in an energy-releasing reaction. 
B) The translocation of protons sets up the electrochemical gradient that drives ATP synthesis in the mitochondria. 
C) The protons pick up electrons from the electron transport chain on their way through the inner mitochondrial membrane. 
D) The protons receive electrons from NAD⁺ and FAD that are accepted in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. 
A) The hydrogen ions (protons)are transferred to oxygen in an energy-releasing reaction. 
B) The translocation of protons sets up the electrochemical gradient that drives ATP synthesis in the mitochondria. 
C) The protons pick up electrons from the electron transport chain on their way through the inner mitochondrial membrane. 
D) The protons receive electrons from NAD⁺ and FAD that are accepted in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.

Question 10

Why might adding inorganic phosphate to a reaction mixture where glycolysis was rapidly proceeding help sustain the metabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)  It would increase the amount of glucose available for catabolism. 
B) It would increase the oxygen supply available for aerobic respiration because each phosphate group has four oxygen atoms as constituents. 
C) The metabolic intermediates of glycolysis are phosphorylated. 
D) It increases the energy level of the electrons that are transferred to the electron transport chain where ATP is produced. 
A)  It would increase the amount of glucose available for catabolism. 
B) It would increase the oxygen supply available for aerobic respiration because each phosphate group has four oxygen atoms as constituents. 
C) The metabolic intermediates of glycolysis are phosphorylated. 
D) It increases the energy level of the electrons that are transferred to the electron transport chain where ATP is produced.

Question 11

The glucose molecule has a great deal of energy in its ________.

Accepted Answer

A) C-H bonds 
B) C-N bonds 
C) number of oxygen atoms 
D) polar structure 
A) C-H bonds 
B) C-N bonds 
C) number of oxygen atoms 
D) polar structure

Question 12

Which of the following statements concerning cellular metabolism is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Glycolysis is inhibited when cellular energy levels are abundant. 
B) Krebs cycle activity is dependent solely on availability of substrate;otherwise it is unregulated. 
C) In the electron transport chain,electrons decrease in energy level as they are transferred from one electron carrier to the next. 
D) Reactions of the Krebs cycle take place in the mitochondrial matrix. 
A) Glycolysis is inhibited when cellular energy levels are abundant. 
B) Krebs cycle activity is dependent solely on availability of substrate;otherwise it is unregulated. 
C) In the electron transport chain,electrons decrease in energy level as they are transferred from one electron carrier to the next. 
D) Reactions of the Krebs cycle take place in the mitochondrial matrix.

Question 13

Why are fermentation reactions important for cells?

Accepted Answer

A) They produce alcohol used in alcoholic beverages. 
B) They regenerate NAD⁺ so that glycolysis can continue. 
C) They utilize oxygen. 
D) They generate oxygen. 
A) They produce alcohol used in alcoholic beverages. 
B) They regenerate NAD⁺ so that glycolysis can continue. 
C) They utilize oxygen. 
D) They generate oxygen.

Question 14

Substrate level phosphorylation occurs in the citric acid cycle when Succinyl CoA is converted to Succinate.Which of the following statements about this event is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Inorganic phosphate is added to ADP by HS-CoA thereby creating ATP. 
B) Inorganic phosphate is used to create GTP.GTP then donates a phosphate group to ADP to create ATP. 
C) A phosphate group is removed from HS-CoA and is donated to GDP to form GTP.GTP then donates a phosphate group to ADP to create ATP. 
A) Inorganic phosphate is added to ADP by HS-CoA thereby creating ATP. 
B) Inorganic phosphate is used to create GTP.GTP then donates a phosphate group to ADP to create ATP. 
C) A phosphate group is removed from HS-CoA and is donated to GDP to form GTP.GTP then donates a phosphate group to ADP to create ATP.

Question 15

Which of the following is FALSE concerning ATP synthase?

Accepted Answer

A) It generates ATP by chemiosmosis in cellular respiration and photosynthesis. 
B) It performs the same function in cellular respiration and photosynthesis,with similar structure and biochemical composition in each. 
C) It is an enzyme that is a tiny rotary motor. 
D) It is a component of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration and photosynthesis. 
A) It generates ATP by chemiosmosis in cellular respiration and photosynthesis. 
B) It performs the same function in cellular respiration and photosynthesis,with similar structure and biochemical composition in each. 
C) It is an enzyme that is a tiny rotary motor. 
D) It is a component of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

Question 16

Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs within a metabolic pathway where sufficient energy is released by a given chemical reaction to drive the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate.Substrate-level phosphorylation is seen in which metabolic pathway(s)?

Accepted Answer

A) glycolysis 
B) Krebs cycle 
C) both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle 
D) electron transport chain 
E) All of the above pathways involve steps where substrate level phosphorylation takes place. 
A) glycolysis 
B) Krebs cycle 
C) both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle 
D) electron transport chain 
E) All of the above pathways involve steps where substrate level phosphorylation takes place.

Question 17

Figure 9.1  
-Refer to Figure 9.1.What characteristic of this molecule (ATP)is responsible for its high energy level compared to AMP?

Accepted Answer

A) the nitrogen atoms in adenine 
B) the phosphorus atoms in the phosphate groups 
C) the C-H bonds of the ribose sugar 
D) the closely spaced negative charges associated with the phosphate groups 
A) the nitrogen atoms in adenine 
B) the phosphorus atoms in the phosphate groups 
C) the C-H bonds of the ribose sugar 
D) the closely spaced negative charges associated with the phosphate groups

Question 18

A cell has enough available ATP to meet its needs for about 30 seconds.What is likely to happen when an athlete exhausts his or her ATP supply?

Accepted Answer

A) He or she has to sit down and rest. 
B) Catabolic processes are activated that generate ATP. 
C) ATP is transported into the cell from circulation. 
D) Other cells take over and the muscle cell that has used up its ATP quits. 
A) He or she has to sit down and rest. 
B) Catabolic processes are activated that generate ATP. 
C) ATP is transported into the cell from circulation. 
D) Other cells take over and the muscle cell that has used up its ATP quits.

Exam 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Which of the following is true of oxidation-reduction (redox)reactions?

Which of the following is TRUE in terms of metabolism?

The electron transport chain

In cellular respiration,electrons are moved along a series of membrane proteins during the electron transport chain.If there was a mutation in the DNA coding for each of the proton pumps of the electron transport chain such that these proteins became non-functional,what would you predict to occur?

The chemiosmotic hypothesis is an important key to understanding general metabolism because

Which of the following events takes place in the electron transport chain?

Which of the following statements describes the pathway shown above?

Pyruvate oxidation occurs in

The energy of electron transport serves to move (translocate)protons to the outer mitochondrial compartment.How does this help the mitochondrion to produce energy?

Why might adding inorganic phosphate to a reaction mixture where glycolysis was rapidly proceeding help sustain the metabolic pathway?

The glucose molecule has a great deal of energy in its ________.

Which of the following statements concerning cellular metabolism is false?

Why are fermentation reactions important for cells?

Substrate level phosphorylation occurs in the citric acid cycle when Succinyl CoA is converted to Succinate.Which of the following statements about this event is true?

Which of the following is FALSE concerning ATP synthase?

Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs within a metabolic pathway where sufficient energy is released by a given chemical reaction to drive the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate.Substrate-level phosphorylation is seen in which metabolic pathway(s)?

Figure 9.1 -Refer to Figure 9.1.What characteristic of this molecule (ATP)is responsible for its high energy level compared to AMP?

A cell has enough available ATP to meet its needs for about 30 seconds.What is likely to happen when an athlete exhausts his or her ATP supply?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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