Question 1

Why is water capable of forming hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

A) The hydrogen atoms carry partial positive charges. 
B) The oxygen atom carries a partial negative charge. 
C) It is highly polar. 
D) All of the above apply. 
A) The hydrogen atoms carry partial positive charges. 
B) The oxygen atom carries a partial negative charge. 
C) It is highly polar. 
D) All of the above apply.

Question 2

Why do chemical reactions tend to speed up when the concentration of the reactants is increased?

Accepted Answer

A) The reactants move faster. 
B) The reactants collide more often. 
C) The reactants have greater energy. 
D) All of the above apply. 
A) The reactants move faster. 
B) The reactants collide more often. 
C) The reactants have greater energy. 
D) All of the above apply.

Question 3

What holds electrons in a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A) It is the fact that two electrons are paired in the same orbital. 
B) The electron sharing that occurs makes the atoms involved smaller and more compact. 
C) An increase in potential energy,caused by electrical repulsion of the electrons in the bond,holds the electrons. 
D) The negative charges on the electrons are attracted by the positive charges on both nuclei. 
A) It is the fact that two electrons are paired in the same orbital. 
B) The electron sharing that occurs makes the atoms involved smaller and more compact. 
C) An increase in potential energy,caused by electrical repulsion of the electrons in the bond,holds the electrons. 
D) The negative charges on the electrons are attracted by the positive charges on both nuclei.

Question 4

What does it mean to say a system has a ∆G equal to zero?

Accepted Answer

A) The system does not release or absorb heat. 
B) The system is perfectly ordered (no entropy). 
C) The total amount of potential energy in the system is zero. 
D) The system is at equilibrium. 
A) The system does not release or absorb heat. 
B) The system is perfectly ordered (no entropy). 
C) The total amount of potential energy in the system is zero. 
D) The system is at equilibrium.

Question 5

Which reaction is most spontaneous?

Accepted Answer

A) a reaction that is slightly exothermic and leads to a slight increase in entropy 
B) a reaction that is slightly endothermic and leads to a huge decrease in entropy 
C) a reaction that is highly exothermic and leads to a huge decrease in entropy 
D) a reaction that is slightly exothermic and leads to a huge increase in entropy 
A) a reaction that is slightly exothermic and leads to a slight increase in entropy 
B) a reaction that is slightly endothermic and leads to a huge decrease in entropy 
C) a reaction that is highly exothermic and leads to a huge decrease in entropy 
D) a reaction that is slightly exothermic and leads to a huge increase in entropy

Question 6

An atom has four electrons in its valence shell.What types of covalent bonds is it capable of forming?

Accepted Answer

A) single,double,or triple 
B) single and double only 
C) four single bonds only 
D) two double bonds only 
A) single,double,or triple 
B) single and double only 
C) four single bonds only 
D) two double bonds only

Question 7

Why do chemical reactions tend to speed up when the reactants are heated?

Accepted Answer

A) The reactants move faster. 
B) The reactants collide more often. 
C) The reactants have greater energy. 
D) All of the above apply. 
A) The reactants move faster. 
B) The reactants collide more often. 
C) The reactants have greater energy. 
D) All of the above apply.

Question 8

Doctors used to recommend that parents sponge feverish children with rubbing alcohol to lower their body temperature.Rubbing alcohol has a lower heat of vaporization than water does.Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Rubbing alcohol will evaporate faster than water. 
B) Rubbing alcohol will evaporate at the same rate as water. 
C) Rubbing alcohol will evaporate more slowly than water. 
A) Rubbing alcohol will evaporate faster than water. 
B) Rubbing alcohol will evaporate at the same rate as water. 
C) Rubbing alcohol will evaporate more slowly than water.

Question 9

The cities of Portland,Oregon,and Minneapolis,Minnesota,are at about the same latitude,but Minneapolis has much hotter summers and much colder winters than Portland.Why? (Portland is near the Pacific Ocean;Minneapolis is near a number of large lakes.)

Accepted Answer

A) They are not at exactly the same latitude. 
B) The ocean is so large that it has a highly moderating influence on temperature. 
C) Freshwater is more likely to freeze than saltwater. 
D) Minneapolis is much windier,due to its location in the middle of a continent. 
A) They are not at exactly the same latitude. 
B) The ocean is so large that it has a highly moderating influence on temperature. 
C) Freshwater is more likely to freeze than saltwater. 
D) Minneapolis is much windier,due to its location in the middle of a continent.

Question 10

Which of the following true statements can be attributed to water's high specific heat?

Accepted Answer

A) Oil and water do not mix well. 
B) Our body temperature takes a long time to change because it is composed mostly of water. 
C) Ice floats on water. 
D) Sugar dissolves in hot tea faster than in iced tea. 
A) Oil and water do not mix well. 
B) Our body temperature takes a long time to change because it is composed mostly of water. 
C) Ice floats on water. 
D) Sugar dissolves in hot tea faster than in iced tea.

Question 11

If an atom is electrically neutral,which of the following must be true?

Accepted Answer

A) It has the same number of protons as neutrons. 
B) It has the same number of protons as electrons. 
C) It has the same number of neutrons as electrons. 
D) It has at least one more electron than it has protons. 
A) It has the same number of protons as neutrons. 
B) It has the same number of protons as electrons. 
C) It has the same number of neutrons as electrons. 
D) It has at least one more electron than it has protons.

Exam 2: Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Why is water capable of forming hydrogen bonds?

Why do chemical reactions tend to speed up when the concentration of the reactants is increased?

What holds electrons in a covalent bond?

What does it mean to say a system has a ∆G equal to zero?

Which reaction is most spontaneous?

An atom has four electrons in its valence shell.What types of covalent bonds is it capable of forming?

Why do chemical reactions tend to speed up when the reactants are heated?

Doctors used to recommend that parents sponge feverish children with rubbing alcohol to lower their body temperature.Rubbing alcohol has a lower heat of vaporization than water does.Which of the following is true?

The cities of Portland,Oregon,and Minneapolis,Minnesota,are at about the same latitude,but Minneapolis has much hotter summers and much colder winters than Portland.Why? (Portland is near the Pacific Ocean;Minneapolis is near a number of large lakes.)

Which of the following true statements can be attributed to water's high specific heat?

If an atom is electrically neutral,which of the following must be true?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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