Question 1

The discovery that each continent had different and separate polar-wander paths such as those in the figure below proved that ________.

Accepted Answer

A) only the continents move 
B) only the poles move 
C) both the poles and continents move,but independently of each other 
D) both the poles and continents move,and do so together 
A) only the continents move 
B) only the poles move 
C) both the poles and continents move,but independently of each other 
D) both the poles and continents move,and do so together

Question 2

Seafloor spreading is driven by volcanic activity ________.

Accepted Answer

A) in the middle of abyssal plains 
B) along mid-ocean ridges 
C) at the edges of continental shelves 
D) along fracture zones 
A) in the middle of abyssal plains 
B) along mid-ocean ridges 
C) at the edges of continental shelves 
D) along fracture zones

Question 3

A great boost in seafloor exploration and a greater understanding of seafloor bathymetry was a result of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) scientific advances in the 1950s 
B) scientific advances in the 1920s 
C) military needs in World War I 
D) military needs in World War II 
A) scientific advances in the 1950s 
B) scientific advances in the 1920s 
C) military needs in World War I 
D) military needs in World War II

Question 4

Consult the figure below.Marine magnetic anomaly belts are widest when and where ________.

Accepted Answer

A) continents are joined to form supercontinents 
B) seafloor spreading rates are relatively rapid 
C) seafloor spreading rates are relatively slow 
D) supercontinents first began to rift apart 
A) continents are joined to form supercontinents 
B) seafloor spreading rates are relatively rapid 
C) seafloor spreading rates are relatively slow 
D) supercontinents first began to rift apart

Question 5

Late Paleozoic glacial deposits are NOT found in which of the following places?

Accepted Answer

A) India 
B) southern Africa 
C) North America 
D) South America 
A) India 
B) southern Africa 
C) North America 
D) South America

Question 6

By deep-sea drilling,the Glomar Challenger proved the theory that if the model of seafloor spreading was correct,then seafloor sediment should be ________ and ________ as one moves away from the spreading axis.

Accepted Answer

A) thicker;younger 
B) thicker;older 
C) thinner;younger 
D) thinner;older 
A) thicker;younger 
B) thicker;older 
C) thinner;younger 
D) thinner;older

Question 7

In Wegener's evidence for continental drift,continents were proposed to fit together,such as the east coast of South America with the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) west coast of Europe 
B) east coast of Africa 
C) west coast of Greenland 
D) lower west coast of Africa 
A) west coast of Europe 
B) east coast of Africa 
C) west coast of Greenland 
D) lower west coast of Africa

Question 8

Wegener's idea of continental drift was rejected by American geologists because ________.

Accepted Answer

A) his English was too poor to be understood by them 
B) he could not conceive of a valid mechanism that would cause continents to shift positions 
C) he had relatively little evidence supporting the existence of a supercontinent 
D) the apparent fit of continental coastlines is blurred when the margins are defined by the edges of continental shelves rather than sea level 
A) his English was too poor to be understood by them 
B) he could not conceive of a valid mechanism that would cause continents to shift positions 
C) he had relatively little evidence supporting the existence of a supercontinent 
D) the apparent fit of continental coastlines is blurred when the margins are defined by the edges of continental shelves rather than sea level

Question 9

Beneath a blanket of sediments,oceanic crust is primarily composed of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) granite 
B) basalt 
C) limestone 
D) coal 
A) granite 
B) basalt 
C) limestone 
D) coal

Question 10

Where Earth's magnetic dipole intersects with the surface of the planet is called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) magnetic inclination 
B) geographic pole 
C) magnetic dipole 
D) magnetic pole 
A) magnetic inclination 
B) geographic pole 
C) magnetic dipole 
D) magnetic pole

Question 11

Regions of the sea floor with negative magnetic anomalies were formed during times when Earth's magnetic field ________.

Accepted Answer

A) was exceptionally strong 
B) was exceptionally weak 
C) had normal polarity 
D) had reversed polarity 
A) was exceptionally strong 
B) was exceptionally weak 
C) had normal polarity 
D) had reversed polarity

Question 12

What does an ordinary compass indicate?

Accepted Answer

A) magnetic inclination 
B) magnetic declination 
C) magnetic north 
D) true north 
A) magnetic inclination 
B) magnetic declination 
C) magnetic north 
D) true north

Question 13

Currently,most geologists ________.

Accepted Answer

A) continue to reject continental drift 
B) agree that continental drift occurs,but they still do not understand why it occurs 
C) agree that continental drift occurs due to mechanisms at work in the ocean basins and upper mantle 
D) agree that continental drift occurs due to mechanisms at work in the lower mantle and outer core 
A) continue to reject continental drift 
B) agree that continental drift occurs,but they still do not understand why it occurs 
C) agree that continental drift occurs due to mechanisms at work in the ocean basins and upper mantle 
D) agree that continental drift occurs due to mechanisms at work in the lower mantle and outer core

Question 14

The term and concept of seafloor spreading (see figure below)was developed by ________.

Accepted Answer

A) Hess and Dietz 
B) Hess and Wegener 
C) Wegener and Dietz 
D) Wegener 
A) Hess and Dietz 
B) Hess and Wegener 
C) Wegener and Dietz 
D) Wegener

Question 15

Regions of the sea floor with positive magnetic anomalies were formed during times when Earth's magnetic field ________.

Accepted Answer

A) was exceptionally strong 
B) was exceptionally weak 
C) had normal polarity 
D) had reversed polarity 
A) was exceptionally strong 
B) was exceptionally weak 
C) had normal polarity 
D) had reversed polarity

Question 16

All basalts younger than 700,000 years old ________.

Accepted Answer

A) have normal magnetic polarity 
B) have reverse magnetic polarity 
C) are found on the ocean floor very far from mid-ocean ridges 
D) are found on the continents 
A) have normal magnetic polarity 
B) have reverse magnetic polarity 
C) are found on the ocean floor very far from mid-ocean ridges 
D) are found on the continents

Question 17

According to the figure below,Earth's magnetic poles move constantly.About how far from the geographic poles do the magnetic poles move?

Accepted Answer

A) They move as far south as the equator. 
B) They move as far south as the tropics. 
C) They remain in the high latitudes. 
D) They remain less than a kilometer from the geographic poles. 
A) They move as far south as the equator. 
B) They move as far south as the tropics. 
C) They remain in the high latitudes. 
D) They remain less than a kilometer from the geographic poles.

Question 18

If we mentally align the continents to fit Wegener's concept of Pangaea,evidence of Late Paleozoic glacial deposits ________.

Accepted Answer

A) is more difficult to explain than in the modern continental configuration 
B) is much more readily explained than in the modern continental configuration 
C) makes very little sense in either the Pangaea configuration or the modern configuration 
D) is unchanged from the modern continental configuration 
A) is more difficult to explain than in the modern continental configuration 
B) is much more readily explained than in the modern continental configuration 
C) makes very little sense in either the Pangaea configuration or the modern configuration 
D) is unchanged from the modern continental configuration

Question 19

Deep-ocean trenches are found predominantly along the perimeter of the ________ .

Accepted Answer

A) Indian Ocean 
B) Pacific Ocean 
C) Atlantic Ocean 
D) Arctic Ocean 
A) Indian Ocean 
B) Pacific Ocean 
C) Atlantic Ocean 
D) Arctic Ocean

Question 20

Volcanoes that have submerged beneath the surface of the sea are termed ________.

Accepted Answer

A) mid-ocean ridges 
B) seamounts 
C) fracture zones 
D) continental rises 
A) mid-ocean ridges 
B) seamounts 
C) fracture zones 
D) continental rises

Exam 3: Drifting Continents and Spreading Seas

The discovery that each continent had different and separate polar-wander paths such as those in the figure below proved that ________.

Seafloor spreading is driven by volcanic activity ________.

A great boost in seafloor exploration and a greater understanding of seafloor bathymetry was a result of ________.

Consult the figure below.Marine magnetic anomaly belts are widest when and where ________.

Late Paleozoic glacial deposits are NOT found in which of the following places?

By deep-sea drilling,the Glomar Challenger proved the theory that if the model of seafloor spreading was correct,then seafloor sediment should be ________ and ________ as one moves away from the spreading axis.

In Wegener's evidence for continental drift,continents were proposed to fit together,such as the east coast of South America with the ________.

Wegener's idea of continental drift was rejected by American geologists because ________.

Beneath a blanket of sediments,oceanic crust is primarily composed of ________.

Where Earth's magnetic dipole intersects with the surface of the planet is called the ________.

Regions of the sea floor with negative magnetic anomalies were formed during times when Earth's magnetic field ________.

What does an ordinary compass indicate?

Currently,most geologists ________.

The term and concept of seafloor spreading (see figure below)was developed by ________.

Regions of the sea floor with positive magnetic anomalies were formed during times when Earth's magnetic field ________.

All basalts younger than 700,000 years old ________.

According to the figure below,Earth's magnetic poles move constantly.About how far from the geographic poles do the magnetic poles move?

If we mentally align the continents to fit Wegener's concept of Pangaea,evidence of Late Paleozoic glacial deposits ________.

Deep-ocean trenches are found predominantly along the perimeter of the ________ .

Volcanoes that have submerged beneath the surface of the sea are termed ________.

Cosmology and the Birth of Earth

Journey to the Center of the Earth

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

Pages of Earths Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism: a Process of Change

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Crags,cracks,and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of Earth

Squeezing Power From a Stone: Energy Resources

Riches in Rock: Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: the Geology of Running Water

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

An Envelope of Gas: Earths Atmosphere and Climate

Dry Regions: the Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Introducing Rocks

a Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

the Rock Cycle in the Earth System

the Earths Interior, revisited: Seismic Layering, gravity, and the Magnetic Field

Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution

Ever-Changing Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

Filters

By deep-sea drilling,the Glomar Challenger proved the theory that if the model of seafloor spreading was correct,then seafloor sediment should be and as one moves away from the spreading axis.