Question 1

In Don Quixote, Cervantes's attitude toward old-fashioned romantic chivalry was

Accepted Answer

A)  ridicule and scorn: the author preferred modern science. 
B)  unqualified praise: the author despised hardheaded realism. 
C)  measured and complex: the author was part realist, part idealist. 
D)  indifference: the author viewed chivalry as dead. 
A)  ridicule and scorn: the author preferred modern science. 
B)  unqualified praise: the author despised hardheaded realism. 
C)  measured and complex: the author was part realist, part idealist. 
D)  indifference: the author viewed chivalry as dead. C

Question 2

Defend one of the following assertions: The Reformation was the culmination of the medieval experience, or the Reformation was the beginning of the modern age. 
Conceptual

Accepted Answer

The Reformation was the beginning of the modern age. This assertion is supported by the fact that the Reformation brought about significant changes in religious, social, and political structures that laid the foundation for the modern world.

Firstly, the Reformation challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and led to the rise of Protestantism, which emphasized individual interpretation of the Bible and personal relationship with God. This shift towards individualism and questioning of traditional authority laid the groundwork for the modern emphasis on individual rights and freedoms.

Secondly, the Reformation sparked widespread social and political upheaval, leading to the rise of nation-states and the decline of the feudal system. This shift towards centralized political power and the emergence of secular authority marked a departure from the medieval emphasis on the authority of the Church and feudal lords.

Furthermore, the Reformation also had a profound impact on the economy, as the Protestant work ethic and emphasis on frugality and hard work contributed to the rise of capitalism and the modern economic system.

In conclusion, the Reformation was a pivotal moment in history that marked the beginning of the modern age by challenging traditional authority, sparking social and political change, and laying the foundation for the modern world.

Question 3

What were the most important teachings of Luther? To what conditions in the church and society was he reacting? How did his teachings criticize aspects of the Catholic Church? How did Lutheranism impact Europe?
Conceptual

Accepted Answer

The most important teachings of Martin Luther centered around the concepts of salvation by faith alone, the authority of scripture, and the priesthood of all believers. Luther emphasized the idea that individuals could have a direct relationship with God without the need for intermediaries such as priests or the church hierarchy. He also criticized the sale of indulgences, which were seen as a way for the Catholic Church to profit from the forgiveness of sins.

Luther was reacting to the corruption and abuses he saw within the Catholic Church, including the selling of indulgences, the accumulation of wealth and power by the church hierarchy, and the lack of focus on the spiritual needs of the people. He also reacted to the political and social conditions of his time, including the oppressive feudal system and the lack of access to education and the Bible for the common people.

Luther's teachings criticized aspects of the Catholic Church by challenging its authority and practices, particularly in regards to the sale of indulgences and the idea of salvation through good works. He also questioned the infallibility of the Pope and the traditions and rituals that had developed within the church.

The impact of Lutheranism on Europe was significant. It led to the spread of Protestantism and the formation of new religious denominations. It also contributed to the fragmentation of the Catholic Church's authority and power, leading to religious wars and conflicts across Europe. Lutheranism also played a role in the development of individualism, the rise of literacy and education, and the eventual separation of church and state in many European countries. Overall, Lutheranism had a profound and lasting impact on the religious, social, and political landscape of Europe.

Question 4

Why did the Reformation begin in Germany? What political factors contributed to the success of the Reformation in Germany as opposed to France, for example, or Spain? 
Conceptual

Accepted Answer

The Reformation began in Germany for a v

Question 5

The religious divisions of the Netherlands around 1600 (Map 17-4, p. 424) laid the geographical foundation for which modern country?

Accepted Answer

A)  Belgium 
B)  Luxembourg 
C)  Germany 
D)  Andorra 
A)  Belgium 
B)  Luxembourg 
C)  Germany 
D)  Andorra

Question 6

What were the chief beliefs and teachings of Zwingli? How did Zwingli's teachings differ from or resemble those of Lutheranism and Calvinism? What impact did Zwingli and his followers have on Switzerland? What impact did Zwingli and his followers have on the rest of Europe?
Conceptual

Accepted Answer

Ulrich Zwingli was a Swiss theologian an

Question 7

The seventeenth century is sometimes labeled as a period of crisis by historians. Do you agree or disagree with this assessment? In what ways does Europe in the first half of the seventeenth century exhibit signs of being in political, religious, social, or intellectual crisis? In what ways does it not seem to be in the throes of a crisis? 
Conceptual

Accepted Answer

I agree with the assessment that the sev

Question 8

What were the most important teachings of Calvin? How did Calvinism differ from Lutheranism? To what issues was Calvin reacting? How did Calvinism impact Geneva? Europe?
Conceptual

Accepted Answer

John Calvin, a prominent figure in the P

Question 9

"The Thirty Years' War is the outstanding example in European history of meaningless conflict." Evaluate this statement. How could the war have been avoided? 
Conceptual

Accepted Answer

The statement that "The Thirty Years' Wa

Question 10

What were the factors that prompted the European voyages of exploration? What impact did these voyages have on Europe and the Americas? Compare and contrast the European voyages to those of China. Which had the greater impact on the world and why? 
Conceptual

Accepted Answer

The European voyages of exploration were

Question 11

The three centuries of conquest that began with Columbus's voyage would

Accepted Answer

A)  finance Spain in ensuing political and religious wars. 
B)  fuel a Europe-wide economic expansion. 
C)  introduce new species of fruits and vegetables to Europe. 
D)  All of these answers are correct. 
A)  finance Spain in ensuing political and religious wars. 
B)  fuel a Europe-wide economic expansion. 
C)  introduce new species of fruits and vegetables to Europe. 
D)  All of these answers are correct.

Question 12

Discuss the religious divisions within the Holy Roman Empire. What was the result of these religious divisions? Who held authority to decide to which religion a state adhered? How did these divisions come about?
Conceptual

Accepted Answer

The religious divisions within the Holy

Question 13

The Protestant faith (Religions of the World, pp. 430-431)

Accepted Answer

A)  was a unified church that provided a new alternative to Catholic worship. 
B)  divided and redivided among a number of smaller denominations. 
C)  was often tolerant of Catholics who lived within its area of influence. 
D)  gained the most support in the largest countries of Europe. 
A)  was a unified church that provided a new alternative to Catholic worship. 
B)  divided and redivided among a number of smaller denominations. 
C)  was often tolerant of Catholics who lived within its area of influence. 
D)  gained the most support in the largest countries of Europe.

Question 14

What was the impact of Renaissance humanism on the Reformation in various parts of Europe? Compare and contrast the teachings of Luther, Calvin, and Zwingli to some of the significant themes that emerged from the Renaissance. To what extent could the reformers be called humanists? 
Conceptual

Accepted Answer

The impact of Renaissance humanism on th

Question 15

What part did politics play in the religious positions of French leaders? How did the king (or his regent) decide which side to favor? What led to the infamous St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre and what results did it achieve? 
Conceptual

Accepted Answer

Politics played a significant role in sh

Question 16

How did Spain achieve a position of dominance in the sixteenth century? What were her strengths as a nation? Her weaknesses? What were Philip II's goals? Which ones were not successful and why? How might European history have been different had the Spanish Armada been victorious? 
Conceptual

Accepted Answer

Spain achieved a position of dominance i

Question 17

Martin Luther translated the New Testament into German

Accepted Answer

A)  around 1510. 
B)  in the mid-1520s. 
C)  in 1532. 
D)  None of these answers are correct. 
A)  around 1510. 
B)  in the mid-1520s. 
C)  in 1532. 
D)  None of these answers are correct.

Question 18

Anabaptists believed in or did all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  adult baptism. 
B)  polygamy. 
C)  refuse to participate in secular government. 
D)  were perceived by political authorities as a threat. 
A)  adult baptism. 
B)  polygamy. 
C)  refuse to participate in secular government. 
D)  were perceived by political authorities as a threat.

Question 19

What was the fundamental issue faced by Luther in the Peasants Revolt? What were the peasants' demands? Why did Luther not support them? 
Conceptual

Accepted Answer

The fundamental issue faced by Martin Lu

Question 20

For Europe, the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries were a period of (Global Perspective, pp. 406-407)

Accepted Answer

A)  strict conformity to established theological creed. 
B)  unprecedented territorial expansion. 
C)  close connection between the northern humanists and the church. 
D)  economic stagnation and social crisis. 
A)  strict conformity to established theological creed. 
B)  unprecedented territorial expansion. 
C)  close connection between the northern humanists and the church. 
D)  economic stagnation and social crisis.

Exam 17: Europe 15001650: Expansion, Reformation, and Religious Wars

In Don Quixote, Cervantes's attitude toward old-fashioned romantic chivalry was

Defend one of the following assertions: The Reformation was the culmination of the medieval experience, or the Reformation was the beginning of the modern age. Conceptual

What were the most important teachings of Luther? To what conditions in the church and society was he reacting? How did his teachings criticize aspects of the Catholic Church? How did Lutheranism impact Europe? Conceptual

Why did the Reformation begin in Germany? What political factors contributed to the success of the Reformation in Germany as opposed to France, for example, or Spain? Conceptual

The religious divisions of the Netherlands around 1600 (Map 17-4, p. 424) laid the geographical foundation for which modern country?

What were the chief beliefs and teachings of Zwingli? How did Zwingli's teachings differ from or resemble those of Lutheranism and Calvinism? What impact did Zwingli and his followers have on Switzerland? What impact did Zwingli and his followers have on the rest of Europe? Conceptual

What were the most important teachings of Calvin? How did Calvinism differ from Lutheranism? To what issues was Calvin reacting? How did Calvinism impact Geneva? Europe? Conceptual

"The Thirty Years' War is the outstanding example in European history of meaningless conflict." Evaluate this statement. How could the war have been avoided? Conceptual

What were the factors that prompted the European voyages of exploration? What impact did these voyages have on Europe and the Americas? Compare and contrast the European voyages to those of China. Which had the greater impact on the world and why? Conceptual

The three centuries of conquest that began with Columbus's voyage would

Discuss the religious divisions within the Holy Roman Empire. What was the result of these religious divisions? Who held authority to decide to which religion a state adhered? How did these divisions come about? Conceptual

The Protestant faith (Religions of the World, pp. 430-431)

What was the impact of Renaissance humanism on the Reformation in various parts of Europe? Compare and contrast the teachings of Luther, Calvin, and Zwingli to some of the significant themes that emerged from the Renaissance. To what extent could the reformers be called humanists? Conceptual

What part did politics play in the religious positions of French leaders? How did the king (or his regent) decide which side to favor? What led to the infamous St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre and what results did it achieve? Conceptual

How did Spain achieve a position of dominance in the sixteenth century? What were her strengths as a nation? Her weaknesses? What were Philip II's goals? Which ones were not successful and why? How might European history have been different had the Spanish Armada been victorious? Conceptual

Martin Luther translated the New Testament into German

Anabaptists believed in or did all of the following except

What was the fundamental issue faced by Luther in the Peasants Revolt? What were the peasants' demands? Why did Luther not support them? Conceptual

For Europe, the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries were a period of (Global Perspective, pp. 406-407)

The Birth of Civilization

Four Great Revolutions in Thought and Religion

Greek and Hellenistic Civilization

Iran, India, and Inner Asia to 200 C.E

Africa: Early History to 1000 C.E

Republican and Imperial Rome

Chinas First Empire, 221 B.C.E 589 C.E

Imperial China, 589-1368

The Emergence of East Asia: Japan, Korea, and Vietnam

Iran and South Asia, 200 C.E 1000 C.E

The Formation of Islamic Civilization, 622-1000

The Byzantine Empire and Western Europe to 1000

The Islamic World, 1000-1500

Ancient Civilizations of the Americas

Africa C.A 1000-1700

Europe to the Early 1500s: Revival, Decline, and Renaissance

Conquest and Exploitation: The Development of the Transatlantic Economy

East Asia in the Late Traditional ERA

State Building and Society in Early Modern Europe

The Last Great Islamic Empires, 1500-1800

The Age of European Enlightenment

Revolutions in the Transatlantic World

Political Consolidation in Nineteenth-Century

Northern Transatlantic Economy and Society, 1815-1914

Latin America From Independence to the 1940s

India, the Islamic Heartlands, and Africa, 1800-1945

Modern East Asia

Imperialism and World War I

Depression, European Dictators, and the American New Deal

World War II

The West Since World War II

East Asia: The Recent Decades

Postcolonialism and Beyond: Latin America, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East

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