Question 1

What is the most probable basis for the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Bacteria can be taken up by host cells. 
B)  ​Light is an energy source. 
C)  ​ATP can carry energy. 
D)  ​Oxygen is a by-product of photosynthesis. 
E)  ​Energy can be transformed from one form to another. 
A)  ​Bacteria can be taken up by host cells. 
B)  ​Light is an energy source. 
C)  ​ATP can carry energy. 
D)  ​Oxygen is a by-product of photosynthesis. 
E)  ​Energy can be transformed from one form to another.

Question 2

The earliest type of eukaryotic organism currently known is a type of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​virus 
B)  ​bacterium 
C)  ​alga 
D)  ​animal-like protist 
E)  ​fungus 
A)  ​virus 
B)  ​bacterium 
C)  ​alga 
D)  ​animal-like protist 
E)  ​fungus

Question 3

Chloroplasts are thought to have originated as endosymbiotic associations when aerobic bacteria engulfed photosynthetic cells. This relationship was favored by the production of ____ by the endosymbiont.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​glucose 
B)  ​hydrogen ions 
C)  ​ATP 
D)  ​oxygen 
E)  ​water 
A)  ​glucose 
B)  ​hydrogen ions 
C)  ​ATP 
D)  ​oxygen 
E)  ​water

Question 4

What is the strongest evidence for the idea that present-day eukaryotic aerobes are the descendants of the successful symbiotic association of anaerobes and aerobes?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Mitochondria can produce ATP. 
B)  ​A mitochondrion can survive indefinitely when removed from a eukaryotic cell. 
C)  ​A mitochondrion has its own set of DNA molecules. 
D)  ​Fossilized mitochondria are older than the oldest fossilized eukaryotes. 
E)  ​All eukaryotic cells have mitochondria. 
A)  ​Mitochondria can produce ATP. 
B)  ​A mitochondrion can survive indefinitely when removed from a eukaryotic cell. 
C)  ​A mitochondrion has its own set of DNA molecules. 
D)  ​Fossilized mitochondria are older than the oldest fossilized eukaryotes. 
E)  ​All eukaryotic cells have mitochondria.

Question 5

Are the three methods of producing the building blocks of life proposed in this chapter mutually exclusive?

Accepted Answer

No! There is no reason that the accumula

Question 6

Chloroplasts ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​resemble photosynthetic bacteria 
B)  ​utilize the same pigments regardless of what organism they are in 
C)  ​apparently evolved from mitochondria 
D)  ​utilize DNA derived from the nucleus 
E)  ​are found in prokaryotes 
A)  ​resemble photosynthetic bacteria 
B)  ​utilize the same pigments regardless of what organism they are in 
C)  ​apparently evolved from mitochondria 
D)  ​utilize DNA derived from the nucleus 
E)  ​are found in prokaryotes

Question 7

The endosymbiont hypothesis is supported by the work of ____ on bacteria-infected Amoeba proteus.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Stanley Miller 
B)  ​Kwang Jeon 
C)  ​Leslie Orgel 
D)  Harold Urey 
E)  ​Australian researchers 
A)  ​Stanley Miller 
B)  ​Kwang Jeon 
C)  ​Leslie Orgel 
D)  Harold Urey 
E)  ​Australian researchers

Question 8

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term.

-Bangiomorpha pubescens

Accepted Answer

A)  	a substance that occurs only or predominantly in cells of a specific type 
B)  	simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C)  	a bacterial species thought to be a close relative of the bacteria ancestral to mitochondria 
D)  	first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E)  	bacteria able to withstand high levels of mutation-causing radiation
F) 	offered support for endosymbiosis
G) 	dome-shaped fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria (some nonfossil structures also form)
H) 	RNAs that function as enzymes
I) 	earliest known organism that can be assigned to a modern group 
A)  	a substance that occurs only or predominantly in cells of a specific type 
B)  	simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C)  	a bacterial species thought to be a close relative of the bacteria ancestral to mitochondria 
D)  	first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E)  	bacteria able to withstand high levels of mutation-causing radiation
F) 	offered support for endosymbiosis
G) 	dome-shaped fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria (some nonfossil structures also form)
H) 	RNAs that function as enzymes
I) 	earliest known organism that can be assigned to a modern group

Question 9

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term.

-stromatolites

Accepted Answer

A)  	a substance that occurs only or predominantly in cells of a specific type 
B)  	simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C)  	a bacterial species thought to be a close relative of the bacteria ancestral to mitochondria 
D)  	first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E)  	bacteria able to withstand high levels of mutation-causing radiation
F) 	offered support for endosymbiosis
G) 	dome-shaped fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria (some nonfossil structures also form)
H) 	RNAs that function as enzymes
I) 	earliest known organism that can be assigned to a modern group 
A)  	a substance that occurs only or predominantly in cells of a specific type 
B)  	simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C)  	a bacterial species thought to be a close relative of the bacteria ancestral to mitochondria 
D)  	first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E)  	bacteria able to withstand high levels of mutation-causing radiation
F) 	offered support for endosymbiosis
G) 	dome-shaped fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria (some nonfossil structures also form)
H) 	RNAs that function as enzymes
I) 	earliest known organism that can be assigned to a modern group

Question 10

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term.

-Rickettsia prowazekii

Accepted Answer

A)  a substance that occurs only or predominantly in cells of a specific type. 
B)  simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C)  a bacterial species thought to be a close relative of the bacteria ancestral to mitochondria 
D)  first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E)  bacteria able to withstand high levels of mutation-causing radiation
F) offered support for endosymbiosis
G) dome-shaped fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria (some nonfossil structures also form).
H) RNAs that function as enzymes
I) earliest known organism that can be assigned to a modern group 
A)  a substance that occurs only or predominantly in cells of a specific type. 
B)  simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C)  a bacterial species thought to be a close relative of the bacteria ancestral to mitochondria 
D)  first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E)  bacteria able to withstand high levels of mutation-causing radiation
F) offered support for endosymbiosis
G) dome-shaped fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria (some nonfossil structures also form).
H) RNAs that function as enzymes
I) earliest known organism that can be assigned to a modern group

Question 11

DNA is believed to have replaced RNA as the main information molecule because _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​DNA contains thymine and RNA does not. 
B)  ​DNA is double-stranded and breaks less easily. 
C)  ​DNA can store more protein-building instructions in less space. 
D)  ​RNA can also function as an enzyme. 
E)  ​RNA can regulate gene expression. 
A)  ​DNA contains thymine and RNA does not. 
B)  ​DNA is double-stranded and breaks less easily. 
C)  ​DNA can store more protein-building instructions in less space. 
D)  ​RNA can also function as an enzyme. 
E)  ​RNA can regulate gene expression.

Question 12

Fossils indicate that the first cells were similar to existing ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​viruses 
B)  ​fungi 
C)  ​prokaryotes 
D)  ​eukaryotes 
E)  ​algae 
A)  ​viruses 
B)  ​fungi 
C)  ​prokaryotes 
D)  ​eukaryotes 
E)  ​algae

Question 13

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term.

-cyanobacteria​

Accepted Answer

A)  	a substance that occurs only or predominantly in cells of a specific type 
B)  	simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C)  	a bacterial species thought to be a close relative of the bacteria ancestral to mitochondria 
D)  	first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E)  	bacteria able to withstand high levels of mutation-causing radiation
F) 	offered support for endosymbiosis
G) 	dome-shaped fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria (some nonfossil structures also form)
H) 	RNAs that function as enzymes
I) 	earliest known organism that can be assigned to a modern group 
A)  	a substance that occurs only or predominantly in cells of a specific type 
B)  	simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C)  	a bacterial species thought to be a close relative of the bacteria ancestral to mitochondria 
D)  	first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E)  	bacteria able to withstand high levels of mutation-causing radiation
F) 	offered support for endosymbiosis
G) 	dome-shaped fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria (some nonfossil structures also form)
H) 	RNAs that function as enzymes
I) 	earliest known organism that can be assigned to a modern group

Question 14

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term.

-ribozymes

Accepted Answer

A)  	a substance that occurs only or predominantly in cells of a specific type 
B)  	simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C)  	a bacterial species thought to be a close relative of the bacteria ancestral to mitochondria 
D)  	first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E)  	bacteria able to withstand high levels of mutation-causing radiation
F) 	offered support for endosymbiosis
G) 	dome-shaped fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria (some nonfossil structures also form)
H) 	RNAs that function as enzymes
I) 	earliest known organism that can be assigned to a modern group 
A)  	a substance that occurs only or predominantly in cells of a specific type 
B)  	simple transitional forms between early organic compounds and the first living cells 
C)  	a bacterial species thought to be a close relative of the bacteria ancestral to mitochondria 
D)  	first organisms with the noncyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
E)  	bacteria able to withstand high levels of mutation-causing radiation
F) 	offered support for endosymbiosis
G) 	dome-shaped fossil remains of photoautotrophic bacteria (some nonfossil structures also form)
H) 	RNAs that function as enzymes
I) 	earliest known organism that can be assigned to a modern group

Question 15

Chemical evolution started on Earth ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​after the appearance of prokaryotic cells 
B)  ​long before any cells emerged 
C)  ​after the appearance of eukaryotic cells 
D)  ​after the appearance of eukaryotic cells but before the appearance of multicellular organisms 
E)  ​after the appearance of multicellular organisms 
A)  ​after the appearance of prokaryotic cells 
B)  ​long before any cells emerged 
C)  ​after the appearance of eukaryotic cells 
D)  ​after the appearance of eukaryotic cells but before the appearance of multicellular organisms 
E)  ​after the appearance of multicellular organisms

Question 16

The byproduct of the metabolism of cyanobacteria that had the most effect on the further evolution of life is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​oxygen gas 
B)  ​carbon dioxide 
C)  ​water 
D)  ​nitrogen gas 
E)  ​hydrogen gas 
A)  ​oxygen gas 
B)  ​carbon dioxide 
C)  ​water 
D)  ​nitrogen gas 
E)  ​hydrogen gas

Question 17

According to the endosymbiont hypothesis, eukaryotic cells evolved after and as a consequence of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​the cyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
B)  ​anaerobic respiration 
C)  ​cell division 
D)  ​mutual dependency 
E)  ​chemosynthesis 
A)  ​the cyclic pathway of photosynthesis 
B)  ​anaerobic respiration 
C)  ​cell division 
D)  ​mutual dependency 
E)  ​chemosynthesis

Question 18

Provide evidence to both support and refute the current existence of life on Mars.

Accepted Answer

Geological formations suggest that long

Question 19

Which of these organisms is NOT included in the Eukarya?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​heterotrophic bacteria 
B)  ​heterotrophic protists 
C)  ​fungi 
D)  ​animals 
E)  ​plants 
A)  ​heterotrophic bacteria 
B)  ​heterotrophic protists 
C)  ​fungi 
D)  ​animals 
E)  ​plants

Question 20

__________ is a field of study concerned with the origins, evolution, and persistence of life on Earth as it relates to life in the universe.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is a field of study concerned...

Exam 19: Lifes Origin and Early Evolution

What is the most probable basis for the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts?​

The earliest type of eukaryotic organism currently known is a type of ____.

Chloroplasts are thought to have originated as endosymbiotic associations when aerobic bacteria engulfed photosynthetic cells. This relationship was favored by the production of ____ by the endosymbiont.

What is the strongest evidence for the idea that present-day eukaryotic aerobes are the descendants of the successful symbiotic association of anaerobes and aerobes?​

Are the three methods of producing the building blocks of life proposed in this chapter mutually exclusive?

Chloroplasts ____.

The endosymbiont hypothesis is supported by the work of ____ on bacteria-infected Amoeba proteus.

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term. -Bangiomorpha pubescens

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term. -stromatolites

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term. -Rickettsia prowazekii

DNA is believed to have replaced RNA as the main information molecule because _____.

Fossils indicate that the first cells were similar to existing ____.

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term. -cyanobacteria​

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term. -ribozymes

Chemical evolution started on Earth ____.

The byproduct of the metabolism of cyanobacteria that had the most effect on the further evolution of life is ____.

According to the endosymbiont hypothesis, eukaryotic cells evolved after and as a consequence of ____.

Provide evidence to both support and refute the current existence of life on Mars.

Which of these organisms is NOT included in the Eukarya?​

__________ is a field of study concerned with the origins, evolution, and persistence of life on Earth as it relates to life in the universe.

Invitation to Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure and Function

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where It Starts - Photosynthesis

How Cells Release Chemical Energy

Dna Structure and Function

From Dna to Protein

Gene Control

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Observing Patterns in Inherited Traits

Chromosomes and Human Inheritance

Studying and Manipulating Genomes

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Organizating Information About Species

Viruses - Bacteria - and Archaea

Protists - the Simplest Eukaryotes

The Land Plants

Fungi

Animal Evolution - the Invertibrates

Animal Evolution - the Chordates

Human Evolution

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Life Cycles of Flowering Plants

Communication Strategies in Plants

Animal Tissues

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Animal Reproductive Systems

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Filters

What is the most probable basis for the evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

What is the strongest evidence for the idea that present-day eukaryotic aerobes are the descendants of the successful symbiotic association of anaerobes and aerobes?

Choose the most appropriate statement that matches each term. -cyanobacteria

Which of these organisms is NOT included in the Eukarya?